Cadaveric Skin Grafts May Greatly Increase the Healing Rate of Recalcitrant Ulcers When Used Both Alone and in Combination With Split-Thickness Skin Grafts.

BACKGROUND: Leg ulcers that do not heal despite appropriate treatment are defined as recalcitrant ulcers. Large surface area, depth, and long duration represent some of most important factors impeding ulcer healing. After sharp debridement, dermal substitutes including skin from cadaver donors may increase the healing rate of recalcitrant ulcers reducing the risk of scar formation and recurrence. OBJECTIVE: Assessing if, after sharp debridement, dermal substitutes including skin from cadaver donors may increase the healing rate of recalcitrant ulcers reducing the risk of scar formation and recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Among patients admitted to our hospital for all types of chronic leg ulcers, we retrospectively reviewed the records of patients affected by recalcitrant ulcers (surface greater than 100 cm, tissue loss involving epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, duration longer than 1 year, and showing no healing tendency). After sharp debridement, the ulcers were covered by allografts with strict follow-up after discharge. Multiple allografts were performed when necessary, and a final autograft was applied in case of incomplete healing. RESULTS: The records of 414 patients were analyzed. Forty-three patients were lost at follow-up, and the remaining 371 healed after 765 grafting procedures. In 163 patients, the ulcers healed by means of a final autograft. In all the remaining cases, allograft led to ulcer healing. CONCLUSION: Allografts represent an effective treatment option in case of recalcitrant, large, deep and long-lasting leg ulcers.

Photodynamic therapy in infected venous and mixed leg ulcers: a pilot experience.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the tolerability and efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with RLP068, a novel phthalocyanine-derived photosensitiser, in controlling the bacterial load in different leg ulcers, due to vascular pathophysiology. METHOD: An observational study of patients with infected leg ulcers of different pathophysiology, admitted to the hospital for a skin grafting procedure, were included. All patients underwent two sessions of PDT at time zero and after 72 hours. A semi-quantitative swab was taken before and 30 minutes after both sessions of PTD. During the time interval between the two treatments the ulcer was covered with foam dressing and compression therapy was applied to all patients. No systemic or topical antibiotics were administered. Statistical analysis of results was performed. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients (13 males, 23 females; aged 72.4±8.6 years, range: 55-85 years) were recruited; two had ulcers on both legs. PDT was shown to be effective in reducing bacterial load after the first treatment. Before the second PDT treatment (72 hours after first PDT treatment), a slight increase of the bacterial load was observed in all ulcers. However, after the second PDT session, bacterial swab results were negative in all but two ulcers. The procedure was well tolerated in all but four patients, who reported a very severe pain at baseline, which increased during treatment. CONCLUSION: In this study, PDT was effective in reducing bacterial load in patients with infected vascular leg ulcers, and allowed successful skin grafting to take place in all patients. The treatment was generally well tolerated. Studies with a greater number of patients and a control group are planned to confirm these results.

The debridement of hard to heal leg ulcers by means of a new device based on Fluidjet technology.

Debridement plays an essential role in the wound-bed preparation of necrotic and sloughy ulcers, being a mandatory step to achieve a well-debrided bed, proceeding towards healing. This study reports our experience with Versajet [Versajet Hydrosurgery System (Smith & Nephew, Hull, UK)], a new device for the debridement of exudating ulcers, based on Fluidjet technology, which excises and aspirates the unwanted tissue by using the Venturi effect. In a 10-month time period, a total of 68 patients, out of a setting of 167 patients, hospitalised as affected by chronic, hard-to-heal leg ulcers, stuck in the inflammatory phase, were treated with Versajet. Based on ulcer characteristics and clinical conditions, the remaining 99 patients underwent traditional debridement with moist dressings (controls). In the majority of Versajet-treated cases (46), an adequately debrided wound bed was achieved with one operative procedure; two and three procedures were required in 17 and 5 patients, respectively. Almost all the procedures were performed in the ward at the patient's bedside. This procedure is quick (mean time per treatment is about 5 minutes); when compared with a traditional treatment with moist dressings, Versajet considerably shortens the in-hospital stay and promotes a quicker healing process. When used by an experienced surgeon, Versajet allows a selective debridement, as it makes it possible to remove only the tissue centred in the working end and spare the healthy tissue. Debriding with Versajet is highly effective in reducing the bacterial load of the ulcer bed. The pain caused by Versajet is well tolerated, especially when set for gentle debridement. If multiple treatments are required, the combined use with moist dressings is synergistic, as the dressings soften the necrotic tissue, thus facilitating the following Versajet debridement. The results indicate that Versajet offers more precision than standard mechanical debridement and, at high settings, offers an alternative to surgical debridement.