ABSTRACT
Mental health is defined as the ability by which individuals recognize their own abilities and cope with the normal stress of life, work productively and fruitfully, contribute to their communities and enjoy the greatest possible well-being. Therefore, it is essential as a part of the health of the individual and its constant evaluation. Recently, special attention has been drawn to the study of the mental health of women, given the greater probability to suffer depression and anxiety disorders during and after pregnancy. The most vulnerable state occurs in adolescence, pregnancy, puerperium and perimenopause; Adequate mental health during pregnancy has shown beneficial effects in the resolution of pregnancy and in the health of the newborn. Regarding this paper, the fundamental aspects in the definition of perinatal mental health were reviewed, its determinants, the main mental disorders in this vital period, its role in perinatal outcomes and the importance of its evaluation. Some basic recommendations for adequate mental health care in gyneco-obstetric hospitals are also proposed.
La salud mental es la aptitud por la cual los individuos reconocen sus habilidades y son capaces de hacer frente al estrés normal de la vida, trabajar de forma productiva y fructífera, contribuir a sus comunidades y gozar del mayor bienestar posible. Por ello, es fundamental para la salud integral del individuo y su evaluación constante. Recientemente se ha prestado especial atención a la salud mental de las mujeres, puesto que se ha observado una mayor propensión a sufrir depresión y trastornos de ansiedad durante y posterior al embarazo. El estado de mayor vulnerabilidad sucede en la adolescencia, el embarazo, el puerperio y la perimenopausia. Una adecuada salud mental durante la gestación ha mostrado efectos benéficos en la resolución del embarazo y en la salud del recién nacido. En este trabajo se revisan aspectos fundamentales en la definición de salud mental perinatal, sus determinantes, los principales trastornos mentales en este periodo vital, su papel en los resultados perinatales y la importancia de su evaluación. Se exponen también algunas recomendaciones básicas para la atención adecuada de la salud mental en los hospitales ginecoobstétricos.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Mental Health , Adolescent , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety/etiology , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety Disorders , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Postpartum Period , PregnancyABSTRACT
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) and COVID-19 share a common vascular-endothelial physiopathological pathway that may aggravate or worsen women's outcomes when both coexist. This study aims to evaluate the association of sFlt-1 levels and adverse maternal outcomes among positive SARS-CoV-2 pregnant women with and without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection that required hospital admission. The exposed cohort comprised women with a diagnosis of an HDP. The primary outcome was a composite definition of adverse maternal outcome. The association between predictors and the main and secondary outcomes was assessed using an elastic-net regression which comprised a Lasso and Ridge regression method for automatic variable selection and penalization of non-statistically significant coefficients using a 10-fold cross-validation where the best model if automatically chosen by the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC). Results: Among 148 pregnant women with COVID-19, the best predictive model comprised sFlt-1 MoMs [odds ratio (OR): 5.13; 95% CI: 2.19-12.05], and HDP (OR: 32.76; 95% CI: 5.24-205). sFlt-1 MoMs were independently associated with an increased probability of an adverse maternal outcome despite adjusting for HDP. Conclusions: Our study shows that sFlt-1 is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in women with SARS-CoV-2 despite hypertension status.
ABSTRACT
This review provides an update regarding newer options in hormonal contraception that include the progestin-releasing intrauterine system, the contraceptive patch and ring, the single rod progestin-releasing implant, extended and emergency oral contraception and recent advances in hormonal male contraception. These methods represent a major advancement in this field, allowing for the development of more acceptable, safety and effective birth control regimens.
