Responsabilidad social universitaria frente a la tuberculosis y su influencia en el entorno social ecuatoriano / University social responsibility against tuberculosis and its influence on the Ecuadorian social environment

RESUMEN EEn la actualidad, la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Educación Médica Superior orientan sus actividades educativas, investigativas y de servicio a las necesidades prioritarias en su comunidad, región y/o nación. En consecuencia, los docentes e investigadores reconocen la necesidad de implicarse en la cuarta estrategia mundial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, denominada Fin a la tuberculosis (2015-2035), e introducen una propuesta con el objetivo de diseñar un sistema de sensibilización sobre la tuberculosis, en aras de incentivar la responsabilidad social de los docentes al respecto. El impacto de los resultados esperados de este estudio, tendrá carácter educativo y social, ya que contribuye a la concientización de los docentes frente al fenómeno de la tuberculosis, y en consecuencia, a la formación de profesionales con perfil de egreso de alto nivel, en concordancia con las exigencias del momento histórico en que se sitúa la sociedad ecuatoriana, y el Sistema de Educación Superior en Ecuador.

ABSTRACT Currently, the World Health Organization and Higher Medical Education orient their educational, research and service activities to the priority needs in their community, region and / or nation. Consequently, professors and researchers recognize the need to be involved in the fourth world strategy of the World Health Organization, called End to Tuberculosis (2015-2035), and introduce a proposal aimed at designing a system of awareness raising on tuberculosis, in order to encourage the social responsibility of professors in this regard. The impact of its expected results will be of educational and social nature, since it contributes to the awareness of professors in facing the phenomenon of tuberculosis, and consequently, to the training of professionals with a high-profile graduation profile, in accordance with the requirements of the historical moment in which Ecuadorian society is located, and the Higher Education System in Ecuador.

International nursing leadership related to the drugs phenomenon: a case study of the partnership experience between the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) and the University of Alberta--Faculty of Nursing.

In this article, the authors discuss the value of international health in advancing the nursing profession through the development of strong leadership in the area of drug demand reduction. Paradigms for nursing leadership are briefly reviewed and linked to the development of the "International Nursing Leadership Institutes" organized by the Inter-American Commission for the Control of Drug Abuse (CICAD). The "International Nursing Leadership Institutes" have facilitated the implementation of Phase III of the CICAD Schools of Nursing Project: a) planning and implementing the first "International Research Capacity-Building Program for Nurses to Study the Drug Phenomenon in Latin America", b) development of Regional and National Strategic Plans for Nursing Professionals in the Area of Demand Reduction in Latin America, and c) preparation of a document that provides guidelines on how to include drug content into undergraduate and graduate nursing curricula. The article also brings reflections directly from several of the participants in the first International Research Capacity-Building Program for Nurses to Study the Drug Phenomenon in the Americas, offered in collaboration with the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. These reflections demonstrate the multiplicity of ways in which this capacity-building program has made it easier for these members of Latin American Schools of Nursing to show leadership in the area of drug demand reduction.

The relationship between drugs use and risk behaviors in Brazilian university students.

The aim was to describe relationships between gender and drug use as well as risk behaviors that may be associated with drug use among first-year students at the University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is an anonymous survey that was used for this descriptive correlational study. It was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States. The sample (n=200) included (50%) males and (50%) females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 26 years. Results showed that more female than male students use alcohol and tobacco, but that the probability of heavy consumption is higher among men. There was a low incidence of illicit drug use for both groups. Male students were more likely to drive under the influence of alcohol than female students and more men were involved in violent behaviors such as fights with friends and police. In relation to sexual behavior, male students were likely to have more partners and less protection while under influence of alcohol. It was concluded that gender is associated with recreational drug use, specifically tobacco and alcohol, as well as other risk behaviors in university students.

Drugs use and risk behavior in a university community.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate drug use and risk behaviors among students of the University of Guayaquil in Ecuador. To evaluate this issue, we used the questionnaire "Youth Risk Behavior Survey" (YRBS). The study sample consisted of 751 undergraduate students: 328 (44%) male and 423 (56%) female. Average age was 20 years old and 85,5% of the students were single. Alcohol, tobacco and marihuana were the most consumed substances among students, who use them for entertainment. Drug consumption (legal or illegal) among students has become an issue for specialized research as well as an important field of intervention for public policies.