ABSTRACT
The massive irruption of Covid-19 expression in the hospital environment as well as in our lives has brought to light a strange analogy between the expansion of a virus and viral dissemination, too, in a way of speaking and naming for action. This article proposes to question the impact of the expression Covid-19 on the language of caregivers. It proposes to discuss the ethical dimension of a care of care words when a way of speaking imposes itself on them. It also questions the epistemological and ethical pluralism involving medicine between science, clinical and politics.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: First, the main objective was to describe the evolution of the representation of women at the two main conferences of psychiatry in France-Encephale and French Congress of Psychiatry-from 2009 to 2018, and to compare it to the evolution of the representation of women among French psychiatrists. Second, we aimed to describe this evolution within the themes of general psychiatry, child psychiatry and addictology and compare it to the evolution of the number of adult psychiatrists, child psychiatrists and addictologists in France, and likewise to describe this evolution within the organizing and scientific committees, chairpersons and symposia of pharmaceutical companies at these conferences. We hypothesized that women are underrepresented at French speaking psychiatry conferences and sought to quantify this. METHODS: Programs from the 2009-2018 meetings of the Encephale and the French Congress of Psychiatry were included in analysis. We collected for each intervention information about the sex of the participant, the type of the intervention (i.e., speaker, moderator, chairperson) and its main theme (i.e., general psychiatry, child psychiatry, addictology, pharmaceutical company symposium). We also collected from the National Council of the French Medical Association the number of male and female psychiatrists active in France from 2009 to 2018, and the number of male and female psychiatrists who have validated a specific competence in child psychiatry and addictology. The average proportion of women at the two conferences per year was obtained by weighting the average by the different numbers of speakers at the two conferences. À Chi-squared test was used to compare the evolution of the proportion gap over time. RESULTS: The proportion of women speaking at these conferences ranged from 25 % in 2009 to 32 % in 2018. Among French psychiatrists, the proportion of female psychiatrists increased from 46 % to 51 %, with a higher proportion of women since 2016. In that ten year span, the difference between the proportion of females amongst the French psychiatrists and the speakers at these French conferences varied between 21 % in 2009 and 17 % in 2016, with a higher proportion of female psychiatrists registered at the National Council of the French Medical Association than female speakers at these conferences. The proportion of female speakers at these conferences tends to increase more quickly than the proportion of active female psychiatrists. The proportion of women speaking on child psychiatry topics (41-59 %) is much higher for each year than those of women speaking on general psychiatry topics (24-33 %) or on addictology topics (10-39 %). Also, the proportion of women speaking on child psychiatry and addictology topics tends to increase more quickly than the proportion of active female child psychiatrists and addictologists in France, while the proportion of women speaking on general psychiatry topics tends to increase more slowly than the proportion of active female psychiatrists for adults in France. The proportion of female speakers is very low in symposia of pharmaceutical companies (7-24 %), members of organizing and scientific committees (13-33 %) and chairpersons (19-28 %), although it increases sfrom 2009 to 2018. PERSPECTIVES: This observation of the underrepresentation of women at French psychiatry conferences could make it possible to achieve greater equity. This count could be continued in the next few years and could raise the question of the inclusion of parity in the policy of psychiatric conferences, both among the speakers and among the scientific and organizational committees. Higher exposure of women to conferences would reduce the Matilda effect, defined by minimizing women's contribution to research.
Subject(s)
Child Psychiatry , Psychiatry , Adult , Child , Female , France , Humans , Male , Parity , Pregnancy , Societies, MedicalABSTRACT
The role played by catecholamines in the initiation of certain forms of ventricular tachycardia is now recognised. On the other hand, a similar predominant or exclusive mechanism has not been demonstrated in supraventricular tachycardia. We observed a rate case of reproducible attacks of junctional tachycardia on effort in a 45 year old man. This patient had experienced attacks of tachycardia on effort for a number of years, stopping about 10 minutes after the end of effort. An exercise stress test performed for an anginal attack, induced a narrow complex tachycardia at 270/min at the first minute of the recovery period which terminated spontaneously 18 minutes later after a brief episode of atrial fibrillation. During a second exercise stress test, an episode of tachycardia at 250/min was recorded at the second minute of recovery, lasting 11 minutes. Investigations showed a retrograde concealed septal bundle of Kent activated retrogradely during reciprocating tachycardia. A similar form of tachycardia was induced by an injection of isoproterenol. The adrenergic mechanism of the arrhythmia led to the prescription of a beta-blocker (propranolol 120 mg/day), which effectively prevented clinical tachycardia and the forms of tachycardia induced by ergometric tests 15 days and 3 months after the initiation of treatment.
Subject(s)
Catecholamines/metabolism , Physical Exertion , Tachycardia/etiology , Cardiac Catheterization , Exercise Test , Humans , Isoproterenol/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Tachycardia/drug therapy , Tachycardia/metabolismABSTRACT
The Kansas Family and Children's Trust Fund is an innovative approach to developing funding for community-based family violence prevention programs. Using a legislated trust fund which generates money from marriage license fees, the program has been developed based on three assumptions. First, funding at the federal level for programs to prevent family violence has probably reached its peak and has never been sufficiently secure as to allow for continuity in prevention programs from year to year. Second, there is a trend toward allowing local communities to assume a greater portion of the responsibility for developing social welfare programming. Third, in the long run more can be accomplished with a small amount of money given to a community-based organization which efficiently uses volunteer time than a larger amount of money given to an agency which has a large infrastructure to support. Information on the procedure utilized to enable passage of the Trust Fund legislation is included as well as a discussion of issues that arose in the legislation process. In addition, an explanation of the current funding procedures for accessing Trust Fund moneys is given along with examples of the types of programs that have received funding. Finally, examples are provided of similar approaches that have been used in other states as well as a call for additional innovative approaches to providing funding for child abuse prevention programs.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse/prevention & control , Financing, Government/organization & administration , Child Care , Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Kansas , Play Therapy , Social WelfareABSTRACT
Mechanical power of tench isolated heart is obtained from values of stroke volume at constant hydrodynamic pressure. The total production of energy is measured by use of a calorimetric method and heart efficiency is calculated. The mean value of efficiency is 6.7% +/- 0.65 SEM in our experimental conditions.
