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2.
BMC Public Health ; 21(1): 1496, 2021 08 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34344340

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The BETTER (Building on Existing Tools to Improve Chronic Disease Prevention and Screening in Primary Care) intervention was designed to integrate the approach to chronic disease prevention and screening in primary care and demonstrated effective in a previous randomized trial. METHODS: We tested the effectiveness of the BETTER HEALTH intervention, a public health adaptation of BETTER, at improving participation in chronic disease prevention and screening actions for residents of low-income neighbourhoods in a cluster randomized trial, with ten low-income neighbourhoods in Durham Region Ontario randomized to immediate intervention vs. wait-list. The unit of analysis was the individual, and eligible participants were adults age 40-64 years residing in the neighbourhoods. Public health nurses trained as "prevention practitioners" held one prevention-focused visit with each participant. They provided participants with a tailored prevention prescription and supported them to set health-related goals. The primary outcome was a composite index: the number of evidence-based actions achieved at six months as a proportion of those for which participants were eligible at baseline. RESULTS: Of 126 participants (60 in immediate arm; 66 in wait-list arm), 125 were included in analyses (1 participant withdrew consent). In both arms, participants were eligible for a mean of 8.6 actions at baseline. At follow-up, participants in the immediate intervention arm met 64.5% of actions for which they were eligible versus 42.1% in the wait-list arm (rate ratio 1.53 [95% confidence interval 1.22-1.84]). CONCLUSION: Public health nurses using the BETTER HEALTH intervention led to a higher proportion of identified evidence-based prevention and screening actions achieved at six months for people living with socioeconomic disadvantage. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03052959 , registered February 10, 2017.


Subject(s)
Mass Screening , Public Health , Adult , Chronic Disease , Humans , Middle Aged , Ontario , Primary Health Care
3.
Chronic Dis Inj Can ; 33(4): 247-56, 2013 Sep.
Article in English, French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23987221

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Evidence suggests that current levels of tritium emissions from CANDU reactors in Canada are not related to adverse health effects. However, these studies lack tritium-specific dose data and have small numbers of cases. The purpose of our study was to determine whether tritium emitted from a nuclear-generating station during routine operation is associated with risk of cancer in Pickering, Ontario. METHODS: A retrospective cohort was formed through linkage of Pickering and north Oshawa residents (1985) to incident cancer cases (1985-2005). We examined all sites combined, leukemia, lung, thyroid and childhood cancers (6-19 years) for males and females as well as female breast cancer. Tritium estimates were based on an atmospheric dispersion model, incorporating characteristics of annual tritium emissions and meteorology. Tritium concentration estimates were assigned to each cohort member based on exact location of residence. Person-years analysis was used to determine whether observed cancer cases were higher than expected. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine whether tritium was associated with radiation-sensitive cancers in Pickering. RESULTS: Person-years analysis showed female childhood cancer cases to be significantly higher than expected (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-3.38). The issue of multiple comparisons is the most likely explanation for this finding. Cox models revealed that female lung cancer was significantly higher in Pickering versus north Oshawa (HR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.23-4.46) and that tritium was not associated with increased risk. The improved methodology used in this study adds to our understanding of cancer risks associated with low-dose tritium exposure. CONCLUSION: Tritium estimates were not associated with increased risk of radiationsensitive cancers in Pickering.


TITRE: Estimation du risque de cancer lié à l'exposition au tritium dans le cadre des activités courantes de la centrale nucléaire de Pickering (Ontario). INTRODUCTION: D'après les données dont nous disposons, les niveaux actuels des émissions de tritium provenant des réacteurs CANDU au Canada n'entraîneraient pas d'effets néfastes sur la santé. Toutefois, les études ne précisent pas les doses spécifiques au tritium, et reposent sur un petit nombre de cas. La présente étude avait pour but de déterminer si le tritium émis par la centrale nucléaire de Pickering, en Ontario, lors de ses activités courantes, est associé à un risque de cancer. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Nous avons constitué une cohorte rétrospective en couplant les données sur les résidents de Pickering et de North Oshawa (1985) à celles sur les nouveaux cas de cancer (1985-2005). Nous avons examiné les cas de cancer tous sièges combinés, ainsi que les cas de leucémie, de cancer du poumon, de cancer de la thyroïde et de cancer infantile (6-19 ans) pour les sujets de sexe masculin et féminin, de même que les cas de cancer du sein chez la femme. Les estimations de la concentration de tritium reposaient sur un modèle de dispersion atmosphérique qui intégrait les caractéristiques des émissions annuelles de tritium et les données météorologiques. Chaque membre de la cohorte s'est vu assigner une estimation de la concentration de tritium, en fonction de son lieu précis de résidence. Une analyse des années-personnes a permis de déterminer si les cas de cancer observés étaient plus nombreux que prévus. Un modèle de régression des risques proportionnels de Cox a servi à établir si le tritium était associé à des cancers radiosensibles à Pickering. RÉSULTATS: Une analyse des années-personnes a révélé que le nombre de cas de cancer chez les jeunes filles était significativement plus élevé que prévu (rapport standardisé d'incidence [RSI] = 1,99, intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 1,08 à 3,38). L'explication la plus plausible de cette observation est le recours à des comparaisons multiples. Les modèles de Cox ont révélé que le cancer du poumon chez la femme était significativement plus élevé à Pickering qu'à North Oshawa (RR = 2,34; IC à 95 % : 1,23 à 4,46) et que le tritium n'était pas associé à une augmentation du risque. La méthodologie améliorée de la présente étude nous permet de mieux comprendre les risques de cancer associés à une exposition à de faibles doses de tritium. CONCLUSION: Les doses estimées de tritium n'ont pas été associées à une augmentation du risque de cancers radiosensibles à Pickering.


Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Tritium/toxicity , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Child , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Nuclear Power Plants , Ontario/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk , Young Adult
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