The interaction of Hg(2+) and trivalent ions with two new fluorescein bio-inspired dual colorimetric/fluorimetric probes.

Two new luminescent compounds containing fluorescein-amino acid units have been designed and synthesized via an ester linkage between a fluorescein ethyl ester and Boc-Ser(TBDMS)-OH or Boc-Cys(4-MeBzl)-OH, and their photophysical properties have been explored. The optical response of both compounds (2 and 3) towards the metal ions Na(+), K(+), Hg(+), Ag(+), Ca(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Hg(2+), Al(3+), Fe(3+), Ga(3+)and Cr(3+) was investigated in pure acetonitrile and in acetonitrile/water mixtures. A strong CHEF (Chelation-Enhanced Fluorescence) effect was observed with all the trivalent metals and Hg(2+) ions in both solvents. UV-vis absorption, steady state and time resolved emission spectroscopy methods were employed. The results show the formation of mononuclear complexes with Al(3+), Fe(3+), Ga(3+), Cr(3+), and Hg(2+). Theoretical calculation using Density Functional Theory was performed in order to obtain atomistic insights into the coordination geometry of Al(3+) and Hg(2+) to the fluorescein 3, which is in accordance with the experimental stoichiometry results obtained in the Job's plot method. Among the active cations, the minimum detectable amount is under 1 µM for most of the cases in both absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy methods.

Pulmonary function after surgery for congenital atlantoaxial dislocation: a comparison with surgery for compressive cervical myelopathy and craniotomy.

Deterioration of pulmonary function after surgery for congenital atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) has been documented in a few studies. We proposed that this deterioration in AAD is much higher than what can be expected after a surgical procedure under general anesthesia or what occurs after any surgery on the cervical spine. To test this hypothesis, we recorded forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory ratio (FEV 1.0), forced expiratory flow (FEF 25%-75%) and muscle power in the extremities in 25 patients undergoing surgical correction of AAD (AAD group), 29 patients undergoing surgery for compressive cervical spine lesions (cervical spine group) and 20 patients undergoing craniotomy for an intracranial lesion (craniotomy group). The observations were made before surgery and on postoperative days 1 and 7. The demographic characters were comparable among the 3 groups. All patients underwent an uneventful surgery and their trachea was extubated in the operating room. There was no decrease in the muscle power in the postoperative period in any of the groups. A significant decrease in FVC (expressed as percentage of the predicted value) was seen postoperatively in all the 3 groups. The reduction of FVC was significantly different among the groups, with the AAD group having the lowest values (P<0.001). The FVC values in the AAD group were 74.6+/-19.6%, 49.6+/-17.7%, 64.0+/-20.8% at baseline, on postoperative days 1 and 7, respectively (P<0.001). Postoperative change in forced expiratory ratio was also significantly different among the groups (P=0.03). A significant difference was found between the AAD and cervical spine group (89.8+/-8.3%, 88.2+/-17.6%, 89.3+/-9.8% in the AAD group and 95.5+/-20.5%, 78.4+/-13.4%, 72.7+/-19.1% in the cervical spine group at baseline and on postoperative days 1 and 7, respectively, P<0.05). FEF 25%-75% changes were also significantly different among the groups (P<0.001). The decrease in the AAD and cervical spine groups was significantly higher than that in the craniotomy group (P<0.001). In conclusion, during the first week after surgery, deterioration of pulmonary function in the AAD group is significantly different from that seen in patients undergoing surgery for compressive cervical lesions or craniotomy for a cerebral lesion. The data imply the need for special attention to respiratory function in patients operated for AAD in the postoperative period.