A Study of Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Premenopausal Women With Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Case-Control Study.

Background and objective Female pattern hair loss (FPHL), also known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA), is a condition where the hair follicles of genetically susceptible women gradually shrink and become thinner, leading to hair loss in a particular pattern. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of conditions that co-occur, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. This study aims to determine the prevalence of MS in premenopausal women in patients with FPHL. Methods and materials We conducted a case-control, hospital-based observational study at our institution for a period of two years, which included 62 patients, with 31 cases (patients with FPHL) and 31 controls (patients without FPHL). Results In some cases, the mean age was 29.81 years, while in controls, it was 28.84 years. The mean waist circumference (WC) in cases was 81.9 +/- 11.75 cm, and in controls, it was 72.65 +/- 8.86 cm, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.001. In some cases, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.28 +/- 4.09 kg/m2, and in controls, it was 24.52 +/- 2.78 kg/m2, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.013. Between cases and controls, there was no significant difference in the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting triglyceride levels, fasting HDL, and fasting insulin levels. Conclusion The study found a significant association between WC and BMI in patients with FPHL in premenopausal women. This highlights the need for early screening and preventive measures for MS in women presenting with FPHL.

Clinical Overlaps in Reticulate Pigmentary Disorders: A Study of Three Cases.

Reticulate pigmentary disorders are autosomal dominant pigmentary disorders caused by abnormalities in the keratin 5 and keratin 14 genes. Here, we report three cases of reticulate hyperpigmentation disorders with clinical overlaps of the reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura, Dowling-Degos disease (DDD), and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH), all three having limited treatment options.

Bilateral Naevus of Ito and Ota With Palatal Involvement.

Naevus of Ito and naevus of Ota are benign dermal melanocytoses with similar pathogenic mechanisms of failure in the melanocyte migration to typical locations within the basal layer from neural crest cells and differ in distribution. Bilateral and oral mucosal involvement of naevus of Ota can occur but is infrequent. Naevus of Ito is seldom associated with naevus of Ota and extracutaneous manifestations. A review of the English literature showed 14 cases of naevus of Ota with palatal involvement. None showed bilateral involvement of both naevi with oral involvement. Here we report the case of bilateral naevus of Ito and bilateral naevus of Ota with palatal involvement. A 32-year-old male came to us with naevus of Ito on both sides of his back and naevus of Ota on both sides of his face involving the sclera of both eyes with a bluish lesion along the midline of the hard palate.