Cocaine/crack and cannabis use among transgender women in Goiás, Central Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Illicit drug use is a significant public health problem. Studies have shown a high prevalence of cocaine and cannabis use in transgender women (TGW). OBJECTIVE: To describe the consumption patterns of cannabis and cocaine/crack use and variables associated with their use in TGW in Central Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on TGW in Goiás, Brazil. Participants were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling method and were interviewed face-to-face about cannabis and crack-cocaine and the variables associated with them. The Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test was used to assess substance use. Unweighted logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with cannabis and crack cocaine use. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 440 transgender women participated in the study. Their median age was 25 years (interquartile range: 20.5-29.5 years). Most participants were single (85.5%) and had engaged in sex work in their lifetime (58.6%). Cannabis was reported by 68.9% and 53.4% of participants in their lifetime and in the past three months, respectively, and cocaine/crack use was reported by 59.8% and 44.1% of participants in their lifetime and the past three months, respectively. Of the participants, 10.2% reported high-risk cannabis use, and 9.1% reported high-risk cocaine/crack use. Furthermore, 35% of participants reported using both drugs. Previous physical violence (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.37), inconsistent condom uses during anal sex (AOR: 2.17), and moderate-/high-risk cocaine/crack use (AOR: 3.14) were associated with high-risk cannabis use. Previous sexual violence (AOR: 2.84), previous STI (AOR: 2.90), moderate-/high-risk cannabis (AOR: 3.82), and binge drinking (AOR; 3.28) were associated with high-risk cocaine/crack use. CONCLUSION: Our study found a high frequency, significant overlap in the use of cannabis and cocaine/crack use and violence associated with these drugs consumption among TGW, highlighting the urgent need for health policies for drug disorders among this socially marginalized group.

Alarming patterns of moderate and high-risk alcohol use among transgender women in Goiás, Central Brazil.

Background: Scant studies have examined alcohol consumption among transgender women in Latin America. This cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence and associated factors of risky alcohol use among transgender women in Goiás, a state located in the center of Brazil. Methods: Participants were 440 transgender women (median age = 35 years, interquartile range = 9) recruited through respondent-driven sampling. All participants were interviewed about sociodemographic characteristics, violence, and risk behavior. Alcohol use was assessed using the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). An AUDIT score greater than or equal to eight was considered as risky alcohol consumption. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine predictors of risky alcohol use, and p-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: The majority were young, single, sex workers. Most transgender women had used alcohol in the previous year (85.7%), and more than half (56.6%) reported binge drinking and risky alcohol consumption (60.2%). There was a high overlap between sexual behavior, drugs, and alcohol use. Using alcohol during sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-4.8), cocaine/crack use (aOR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5-3.7) and having a drug user as a sexual partner (aOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5-5.9) were independently associated with risky alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption was highly prevalent, and drugs seem to play an important role in risky alcohol consumption among transgender women Goiás. These findings support stakeholders to promote intervention strategies to reduce this pattern of alcohol consumption and reduce the burden of substance use disorders among transgender women.

Teoría de rango medio: Estímulos y Afrontamiento a la Marihuana en Universitarios / Middle Range Theory: Stimuli and Coping with Marijuana Among College Students

En el presente artículo se expone un ejemplo de estrategia de substracción conceptual-teórico-empírica (C-T-E), obteniendo como resultado una propuesta de Teoría de Rango Medio (TRM) que explique los elementos que influyen en el consumo de marihuana en estudiantes universitarios. Esta propuesta se desarrolla a partir de la revisión de la literatura sobre el tema y de la aplicación del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy (MAR), prestando especial atención al papel que desempeñan la Espiritualidad, el Rasgo de Atención Plena (RAP). Esta TRM ofrece al profesional de enfermería una alternativa para entender un fenómeno actual, cuya prevalencia se ha venido agravando en los últimos años en México de manera alarmante. Por ello, se ofrece una estrategia útil que permita la identificación de factores de riesgo y preventivos para continuar con investigaciones que favorezcan la prevención del consumo de marihuana.(AU)

This article presents an example of a conceptual-theoretical-empirical subtraction strategy (C-T-E), which leads to the development of a Middle-Range Theory (MRT) aimed at explaining the factors that influence marijuana consumption among college students. This proposal is constructed through a comprehensive literature review and the application of Roy's Adaptation Model (RAM), with special emphasis on the roles of Spirituality, the Trait of Mindfulness (TOM). By offering nursing professionals an alternative to understanding a current phenomenon, whose prevalence has been alarmingly increasing in Mexico in recent years. Therefore, a useful strategy is provided to identify risk and protective factors, allowing for further research that promotes the prevention of marijuana consumption.(AU)

Treinamento aos agentes comunitários de saúde frente à assistência aos usuários de álcool / Entrenamiento de agentes de salud con respecto a la asistencia a usuarios de alcohol / Community health agent training regarding assistance to alcohol users

Objetivo: avaliar as percepções, conhecimentos e atitudes antes e após a realização de um treinamento aos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Método: estudo quase experimental e quantitativo, realizado no interior do estado de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado ficha de identificação sociodemográfica, Seaman & Manello e Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire, aplicados em 31 ACS de serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. O estudo foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: as percepções foram positivas, mas ainda existem dificuldades para trabalhar na prática, os conhecimentos apresentaram mudanças em relação aos sinais e sintomas relacionados ao uso de álcool e as atitudes. Não foram observadas mudanças significativas após o treinamento. Conclusão: o treinamento é uma estratégia que possibilita mudanças nas práticas de saúde para a assistência integral e que deve ser incorporada nas rotinas das unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS).

Objetivo: evaluar percepciones, conocimientos, y actitudes antes y después de un entrenamiento de Agentes Comunitarios de Salud (ACS). Método: estudio cuasiexperimental y cuantitativo, realizado en el interior del estado de São Paulo. Para colectar a los datos se utilizó un formulario de identificación sociodemográfica, el Seaman & Manello y el Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire, aplicados a 31 ACS en servicios de atención primaria a la salud. El estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética. Resultados: las percepciones fueran positivas, pero hay dificultades en la práctica del trabajo. Los conocimientos cambiaron con respecto a las señales y síntomas relacionados al uso de alcohol y a las actitudes. No se observó cambios significativos después del entrenamiento. Conclusión: el entrenamiento posibilita cambios en las prácticas de salud para la asistencia integral, y debe ser incorporado en las rutinas de las unidades de atención primaria a la salud (APS).

Objective: To evaluate the perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes, before and after a training session provided to community health workers (CHW). Method: Quasi-experimental, quantitative study, carried out in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. For data collection, we used Seaman and Manello's sociodemographic identification form and the Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire, applied to 31 CHWs of primary health care services. The study was submitted and approved by the research ethics committee. Results: Perceptions were positive, but there are still practical obstacles regarding the actual work. The knowledge related to signs and symptoms of alcohol use and related attitudes was changed, as were the attitudes. There were no significant changes after training. Conclusion: training is a strategy that enables changes in health practices for integral care. It should be incorporated in the routine of Primary Health Care (PHC) units.

Sleep quality of nurses who worked in coping with COVID-19: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze sleep quality of nurses who worked coping with COVID-19 in scientific evidence. METHODS: an integrative review, carried out in seven databases, including studies between December 2021 and June 2022, without language restrictions. The sample consisted of 15 primary studies. RESULTS: nurses working in hospital, intensive care, outpatient care and teaching institutions constitute a vulnerable group for sleep disorders: latency, duration, efficiency and quality. The disorders identified involved insomnia at varying levels of severity: daytime dysfunction and morning sleepiness. Night work and low capacity for self-care were determinants of impaired sleep patterns. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to greater vulnerability of nurses to changes in sleep, requiring strategies for risk management and well-being promotion.

Substance use and mental health of Brazilian truck drivers / Consumo de sustancias y salud mental de los camioneros brasileños

Objetivo: evaluar el uso de sustancias y la salud mental de los camioneros brasileños, y cómo estos impactan en sus comportamientos re-lacionados con la conducción. Métodos: estudiotransversal realizado con 235 camioneros en Brasil. Resultados: Los conductores que condujeron des-pués de beber eran fumadores, sufrieron agresiones y experimentaron an-siedad. Las fallas en la conducción se asociaron con la conducción después de beber y han sufrido agresiones. Los errores se asociaron con la altera-ción del sueño y la participación en accidentes que tuvieron víctimas. Las infracciones fueron mayores entre quienes condujeron después de beber, consumieron drogas, tenían ansiedad y problemas de sueño. Conclusión: El uso de sustancias, la salud mental, la somnolencia y la violencia están inter-relacionados para los camioneros brasileños.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the substance use and mental health of Bra-zilian truck drivers, how these impact on their driving-related behaviors.Methods: cross-sectional study conducted with 235 truck drivers in Brazil. Results: The drivers who drove after drinking were smokers, suffered as-saults and experienced anxiety. Lapses in driving were associated with driv-ing after drinking and have suffered assaults. Errors were associated with impaired sleep and being involved in accidents that had victims. Violations were greater amongst those who drove after drinking, used drugs, had anx-iety and impaired sleep. Conclusion: Substance use, mental health, drowsi-ness and violence are interrelated for Brazilian truck drivers.(AU)

Factors associated with suicide risk among Brazilian graduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Though pandemic-related suicides are a concern, little is known about factors potentially linking graduate student life and suicide risk. This study identified factors associated with suicide risk among Brazilian graduate students (N = 5,344) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, this study revealed that 31.5% of participants presented some risk for suicide: 16.6% "low risk," 4.7% "moderate risk," and 10.2% "high risk." Higher income and religious affiliation were identified as protective factors. Identified risk factors encompass non-heterosexual orientation, a history of depression or posttraumatic stress or common mental disorders diagnoses, the use of medications-both general and psychopharmaceuticals-without medical prescription, antipsychotics use, alcohol consumption, lack of health insurance, and dissatisfaction with life as a result of accessing social media networks. The high vulnerability of graduate students to suicide risk highlights the need for institutional suicide prevention initiatives.

Relações de amizade nos transtornos alimentares: revisão integrativa da literatura / Friendship relationships in eating disorders: an integrative literature review / Relaciones de amistad en los trastornos alimentarios: revisión integradora

Ainda é desconhecido o papel da amizade enquanto constitutiva da rede de apoio social nos transtornos alimentares (TAs). Esta revisão integrativa teve por objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre relações de amizade em pessoas com TAs. Foram consultadas as bases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Web of Science e EMBASE, de 2010 a 2020. Dos 1126 artigos recuperados, 15 preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. A maioria tem abordagem qualitativa e delineamento transversal, sem indicar referencial teórico. Aspectos qualitativos das relações de amizade foram associados com redução da frequência e intensidade de sintomas quando o vínculo era considerado de boa qualidade. Já amizades que envolviam comentários depreciativos e influências negativas acerca do corpo e hábitos alimentares foram considerados fatores de risco para desencadeamento dos transtornos. Investir na qualidade dos relacionamentos entre pares pode contribuir para fortalecer a rede de proteção social e reduzir a vulnerabilidade psicossocial de adolescentes com risco para desenvolver TAs. (AU)

There is still little knowledge about the role of friendship within the social support network in eating disorders (EDs). This integrative review aimed to analyze the scientific production about friendship relationships in people with EDs. The literature review was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases in the period from 2010 to 2020. Among the 1126 articles retrieved, 15 met the eligibility criteria, most with a qualitative approach and cross-sectional design, without indicating a theoretical framework. The qualitative aspects of friendship were associated with a reduced frequency and intensity of symptoms when the bond was considered to be of good quality. On the other hand, friendships that involved derogatory comments and negative influences related to body image and eating habits emerged as potential risk factors for triggering disorders. Investing in the quality of peer relationships can contribute to strengthening the social safety net and reducing the psychosocial vulnerability of adolescents at higher risk for developing EDs. (AU)

El papel de la amistad como constitutiva de la red de apoyo social en los trastornos alimentarios (TAs) es aún desconocido. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la producción científica sobre las relaciones de amistad en personas con TAs. Se consultaron las bases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Web of Science e EMBASE, entre 2010 y 2020. De los 1126 artículos recuperados, 15 cumplían los criterios de elegibilidad. La mayoría tiene enfoque cualitativo y diseño transversal, sin indicar el marco teórico. Los aspectos cualitativos de las relaciones de amistad se asociaron con una menor frecuencia/intensidad de los síntomas cuando el vínculo se consideraba de buena calidad. Amistades que implicaban comentarios despectivos e influencias negativas sobre el cuerpo y los hábitos alimentarios se consideraron factores de riesgo. Invertir en la calidad de las relaciones entre pares puede contribuir a reforzar la red de protección social y reducir la vulnerabilidad de adolescentes con riesgo de desarrollar TAs. (AU)

Percepción de riesgo y religiosidad en el consumo de marihuana en adolescentes de zonas marginales / Perception of risk and religiosity in the consumption of marijuana in adolescents from marginal áreas

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el efecto de la percepción de riesgo y la religiosidad sobre el consumo de marihuana en adolescentes de zonas marginales del Estado de Chihuahua, Chihuahua. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. El muestreo fue probabilístico aleatorio simple. La muestra final fue de 248 adolescentes de 12 a 17 años de zonas marginales de Chihuahua. Se utilizó una cédula de datos personales, inventario de religiosidad y la escala de percepción de riesgo. Resultados: El 59.3% de los adolescentes entrevistados fueron hombres, 59.7% católico y 23% cristiano. El 16.1% indicó consumo de marihuana alguna vez en la vida y 6.5% en el último año. El modelo de regresión logística de las variables de religiosidad y percepción de riesgo mostró una varianza explicada del 19% para el consumo de marihuana alguna vez en la vida, destacando que a mayor percepción de riesgo (β=-0.032, p<0.001) y mayor índice de religiosidad (β=-0.023, p<0.001) menor es la probabilidad del consumo de marihuana. Conclusiones: La percepción de riesgo y la religiosidad en adolescentes de zonas marginales muestran ser factores protectores para el consumo de marihuana. Estos resultados deben ser considerados en programas de prevención para el consumo de drogas en poblaciones marginales.

Abstract Objective: To describe the effect of the perception of risk and religiosity on the consumption of marijuana in adolescents from marginal areas of the State of Chihuahua, Chihuahua. Materials and methods: Study descriptive correlational design. The sampling was simple random probabilistic. The final sample consisted of 248 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 from marginal areas of Chihuahua. A personal data card, religiosity inventory and the risk perception scale were used. Results: 59.3% of the adolescents interviewed were men, of whom 59.7% said they were Catholic and 23% Christian. 16.1% indicated marijuana use at some time in their life, and 6.5% in the last year. The logistic regression model of the religiosity and risk perception variables showed an explained variance of 19% for marijuana use at some time in life, highlighting that the higher the risk perception (β=-0.032, p<.001) and a higher religiosity index (β=-0.023, p<0.001), the lower the probability of marijuana use. Conclusions: Risk perception and religiosity in adolescents from marginal areas show to be protective factors for marijuana use. These results should be analyzed in greater depth to be considered in prevention programs for drug use in marginal populations.

The COVID-19 pandemic's risk factors for depression among postgraduate healthcare students / Los factores de riesgo de la pandemia de COVID-19 para la depresión entre los estudiantes de posgrado en salud

Abstract Introduction The pandemic has generated challenges which impact the mental health of the population, including postgraduate healthcare students. Objective To evaluate the factors associated with depression in postgraduate healthcare students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This is a cross-sectional study with postgraduate healthcare students, with a sample of 117 participants. The data were collected through an online form, between September and November 2021, using semi-structured questionnaires with sociodemographic information and information regarding participants' mental health, as defined by the DSM-5 Scale, where the depression domain was considered a variable for this study. The variables were tested using the Poisson multiple regression model with robust variance in the bivariate analysis between the dependent and independent variables (95% CI). Results In the bivariate analysis, there was an association between depression and not having a partner, also a low monthly income, studying for a master's or professional doctorate and having an employment relationship parallel to the postgraduate course. Regarding the mental health of the participants, the following factors were associated with depression: anger, mania, anxiety, somatic symptoms, suicidal ideation, mental disorder, memory, repetitive thinking, dissociation, personality functioning, and substance use (p < .05). In the multiple analysis, it was found that mania, anxiety, and dissociation remained statistically associated with depression (p < .05). Discussion and conclusion Factors associated with depression in this population raise the importance of mental health promotion interventions for postgraduate healthcare students, who seek help both through mental health services and through their universities.

Resumen Introducción La pandemia ha generado desafíos que impactan en la salud mental de la población, incluidos los estudiantes de posgrado en salud. Objetivo Evaluar los factores asociados a la depresión en estudiantes de posgrado en salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método Se trata de un estudio transversal con estudiantes de posgrado en salud, con una muestra de 117 participantes. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un formulario en línea, entre septiembre y noviembre de 2021, utilizando cuestionarios semiestructurados con información sociodemográfica e información sobre la salud mental de los participantes, según lo definido por la Escala DSM-5, donde el dominio depresión fue considerado una variable para este estudiar. Las variables se probaron mediante el modelo de regresión múltiple de Poisson con varianza robusta en el análisis bivariado entre las variables dependientes e independientes (IC 95%). Resultados En el análisis bivariado, hubo asociación entre la depresión y no tener pareja, también una baja renta mensual, estudiar maestría o doctorado profesional y tener una relación laboral paralela al posgrado. En cuanto a la salud mental de los participantes, los siguientes factores se asociaron a la depresión: ira, manía, ansiedad, síntomas somáticos, ideación suicida, trastorno mental, memoria, pensamiento repetitivo, disociación, funcionamiento de la personalidad y uso de sustancias (p < .05). En el análisis múltiple se constató que la manía, la ansiedad y la disociación permanecieron estadísticamente asociadas a la depresión (p < .05). Discusión y conclusión Los factores asociados a la depresión en esta población elevan la importancia de las intervenciones de promoción de la salud mental para los estudiantes de posgrado en salud, quienes buscan ayuda tanto a través de los servicios de salud mental como a través de sus universidades.

Distance from a cultural model of substance use risk, internalization, and self-stigma in urban Brazil.

Introduction: A cognitive theory of culture as socially distributed cultural models has proven useful in research. Cultural models exist in two forms: the model shared by individuals in a social group, and individual versions of that model modified by personal experience. In previous research we documented a shared cultural model of substance use risk among a general population sample in urban Brazil. Here we examine how this model is distributed among persons under treatment for substance use/misuse and the implications for perceived and self-stigma. Methods: A convenience sample of 133 persons under treatment rated the influence of risk factors for substance use/misuse. The configuration of those ratings and the cultural distance of persons under treatment from the general population model were calculated. Degree of stigma perceived in the wider society and degree of self-stigma were also assessed. Results: Persons under treatment aggregate risk factors to a greater extent than the general population. Using a cultural distance metric, the more distant persons under treatment are from the general population model, the lower their self-stigma regarding substance use. Discussion: Some individuals under treatment separate their understanding of substance use/misuse from shared perspectives in the wider society, which in turn reduces self-stigma. These findings add an additional perspective on the relationship of culture and the individual.

Sleep quality of nurses who worked in coping with COVID-19: an integrative review / Calidad del sueño de enfermeros que actuaron en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19: revisión integradora / Qualidade do sono de enfermeiros que atuaram no enfrentamento da COVID-19: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze sleep quality of nurses who worked coping with COVID-19 in scientific evidence. Methods: an integrative review, carried out in seven databases, including studies between December 2021 and June 2022, without language restrictions. The sample consisted of 15 primary studies. Results: nurses working in hospital, intensive care, outpatient care and teaching institutions constitute a vulnerable group for sleep disorders: latency, duration, efficiency and quality. The disorders identified involved insomnia at varying levels of severity: daytime dysfunction and morning sleepiness. Night work and low capacity for self-care were determinants of impaired sleep patterns. Final considerations: the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to greater vulnerability of nurses to changes in sleep, requiring strategies for risk management and well-being promotion.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la calidad del sueño de enfermeros que actuaron frente a la COVID-19 en evidencia científica. Métodos: revisión integradora, realizada en siete bases de datos, incluyendo estudios entre diciembre de 2021 y junio de 2022, sin restricciones de idioma. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 15 estudios primarios. Resultados: los enfermeros que trabajan en instituciones hospitalarias, de cuidados intensivos, de atención ambulatoria y de enseñanza constituyen un grupo vulnerable para los trastornos del sueño: latencia, duración, eficiencia y calidad. Los trastornos identificados involucraron insomnio en diferentes niveles de severidad: disfunción diurna y somnolencia matutina. El trabajo nocturno y la baja capacidad de autocuidado fueron determinantes de los patrones de sueño alterados. Consideraciones finales: la pandemia de COVID-19 contribuyó para mayor vulnerabilidad de los enfermeros a los cambios en el sueño, requiriendo estrategias de gestión de riesgos y promoción del bienestar.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar nas evidências científicas a qualidade do sono de enfermeiros que atuaram no enfrentamento da COVID-19. Métodos: revisão integrativa, realizada em sete bases de dados, incluindo estudos entre dezembro de 2021 e junho de 2022, sem restrições de idioma. A amostra foi constituída por 15 estudos primários. Resultados: os enfermeiros atuantes na assistência hospitalar, intensiva, ambulatorial e de instituição de ensino constituem grupo vulnerável para alterações no sono: latência, duração, eficiência e qualidade. Os transtornos identificados envolveram a insônia em níveis variados de gravidade: a disfunção diurna e a sonolência matinal. O trabalho noturno e a baixa capacidade para autocuidado foram determinantes do comprometimento no padrão de sono. Considerações finais: a pandemia de COVID-19 contribuiu para maior vulnerabilidade do enfermeiro às alterações no sono, exigindo estratégias para gerenciamento do risco e da promoção do bem-estar.

Ansiedade devido à pandemia pelo SARS-CoV-2: análise de vídeos do YouTubeTM / Anxiety due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: analysis of YouTubeTMvideos

Objetivo: Analisar os conteúdos disponíveis na plataforma YouTubeTM acerca da ansiedade devido à pandemia pelo SARS-CoV-2.Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, com 404 vídeos da Plataforma YouTubeTM, utilizando-se das produções com acesso livre aos não assinantes dos conteúdos premium. O tipo de amostragem utilizada foi a não probabilística em sequência. Utilizaram-se os testes Exato de Fischer e Qui-quadrado de Pearson para análise. Resultados: Os vídeos contemplam, sobretudo, ansiedade pela COVID-19(48%). Houve associação significativa entre caracterização e tipo de canal (p<0,001), caracterização e subtemas (p=0,021) e caracterização e os personagens (p<0,001).Conclusão: A maior parte dos vídeos foi de duração intermediária, com personagens humanos e sobre o subtema "ansiedade pela COVID-19". Em relação às referências, a maior parte dos vídeos não continha essa informação. Descritores: Ansiedade. COVID-19. Pandemias. Acesso à Informação. Coronavírus.

Objective: To analyze the contents about anxiety due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic available in the YouTubeTMplatform. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with 404videos from the YouTubeTMplatform, resorting to productions offering free access to premiumcontent non-subscribers. The sampling type used was sequential non-probabilistic. Fisher's Exactand Pearson's Chi-square tests were employed for the analysis. Results: The videos especially contemplate anxiety due to COVID-19(48%). There was a significant association between characterization and type of channel(p<0.001), characterization and subtopics(p=0.021) and characterization and characters(p<0.001). Conclusion: Most of the videos were average in length, included human characters and, especially, the topic of "anxiety due to COVID-19". In relation to references, most of the videos did not include this information.Descriptors:Anxiety. COVID-19. Pandemics. Access to Information. Coronavirus.

Increased use of psychoactive substances among Brazilian health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of increased psychoactive substance use (PSU) and associated factors among health care professionals. A cross-sectional and analytical study with 12,086 Brazilian health professionals was undertaken. An online questionnaire was used to gather data concerning sociodemographic factors, increased consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and hypnotics or sedatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of tobacco, alcoholic beverages, and hypnotic or sedative consumption were 17.8 %, 69.0 % and 17.1 %, respectively. Regression analyses indicated that having no religion and social isolation were associated with increased PASU during the pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic stressors may increase PASU, and increased PASU may increase the risk of substance use disorders and substance use-related chronic diseases, such as cancer.

La dinámica familiar y el clima social escolar como factores protectores del consumo de alcohol en universitarios mexicanos / Family dynamics and school social environment as protective factors for alcohol consumption in Mexican university students

Introducción: El consumo de alcohol conlleva una pesada carga social y económica para la sociedad, para el gobierno, para la salud global, y para los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar la relación y efecto de la dinámica familiar y el clima social del centro escolar con el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio con diseño descriptivo, correlacional y predictivo, con una muestra de 367 estudiantes universitarios de una universidad del estado de Tabasco, México, seleccionados por un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio estratificado. El 63.2% fueron mujeres, con una media de edad de 21.6 años (DE=2.82). Se utilizó una Cédula de Datos Personales y de Prevalencia de Consumo de Alcohol, el Apgar Familiar, Cuestionario para Evaluar el Clima Social dentro del Centro Escolar y el AUDIT. Se apegó a lo dispuesto en el Reglamento de la Ley General de Salud en materia de Investigación. Resultados: La dinámica familiar y el clima social escolar se relacionaron negativa y significativamente con el consumo de alcohol y con los tres tipos de consumo, de bajo riesgo, dependiente y perjudicial. Se identificó que la dinámica familiar (B= -.040, p<.05) y el clima social escolar (B= -.096, p<.001) son predictores del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Conclusión: La dinámica familiar y el clima sociales escolar al ser predictores del consumo de alcohol pueden ayudar a prevenir esta conducta nociva en los jóvenes universitarios. Estos resultados pueden contribuir a la inclusión de estas variables para la comprensión de la conducta del consumo de alcohol. (AU)

Introduction: Alcohol consumption carries a heavy social and economic burden on society, government, overall health, and health systems. Objective: Determine the relationship and effect of family dynamics and school social environment on alcohol consumption in young university students. Methodology: This was a descriptive, correlational and predictive study with a sample of 367 undergraduate students from a university in the state of Tabasco, Mexico, selected by stratified random probability sampling. The 63.2% were women, with a mean age of 21.6 years (SD=2.82). A Personal Identity Card and Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire, the Family Apgar, the Questionnaire to Evaluate the Social Environment within the School and the AUDIT were used. The study complied with the provisions of the Regulations of the General Health Law on Research. Results: Family dynamics and school social environment were negatively and significantly related to alcohol consumption and to the three types of consumption: low-risk, dependent and harmful. Family dynamics (B= -.040, p<.05) and school social environment (B= -.096, p<.001) were identified as predictors of alcohol consumption in university young people. Conclusion: Family dynamics and school social environment as predictors of alcohol consumption may help to prevent this harmful behavior in young university students. These results can contribute to the inclusion of these variables in the understanding of alcohol consumption behavior. (AU)

Predictors of job stress and alcohol consumption amongst university professors.

The present study aimed to identify the predictors of job stress and alcohol consumption amongst 253 professors at a public university. Previous history of psychotropic drug use, as well as the Scale of Work Stress, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and the Self-Report Questionnaire were used. Being female, younger than 40 years of age; of homosexual orientation; a workload of weekly classes of >10 h in total; and being positive for common mental disorders were identified as predictors of moderate or high work stress. The predictors of risky drinking or probable alcohol dependence were: male; younger than 40 years of age; tobacco use; health problems; teaching applied social sciences; and use of hypnotic medications. The findings could be used to develop strategies for the prevention or reduction of work stress and alcohol consumption amongst university professors.

Factors associated with suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a population in the Brazilian Legal Amazon / Fatores associados a ideação suicida durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em população da Amazônia Legal Brasileira

Abstract This article aims to analyze the factors associated with suicidal ideation in the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional home-based survey, with three-stage cluster sampling, was conducted with 4,203 adults from ten municipalities in the Mato Grosso, Brazil. The data collection was carried households to assessment of sociodemographic characteristics, substance use and behavior in the pandemic. The Level 1 Symptom Cross Scale was used to identify suicidal ideation and aspects of mental health (somatic symptoms, sleep disturbances, dissociation, depression, anger, mania, anxiety, thoughts, substance use and memory). Chemiluminescence was used to detect IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 19.2%, and the associated with increased consumption of alcohol (RP=1.16), smoking (RP=1.30), COVID-19 symptoms (RP=1.03), having one's life affected (RP=1.04), mental illness (RP=1.09) somatic symptoms (RP=1.15), sleep disturbance (RP=1.30), dissociation (RP=1.24), depression (RP=1.24), anger (RP=1.11), anxiety (RP=1.26), substance use (RP=1.19), drug prescription use (RP=1.18) and memory (RP=1.87). Highlights the high prevalence of suicidal ideation related to COVID-19 symptoms, changes in behavior post-pandemic and mental health factors.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar fatores associados a ideação suicida durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Inquérito de base populacional conduzido com 4.203 adultos de dez municípios mato-grossenses, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada no domicílio, com avaliação de características sociodemográficas, uso de substâncias e comportamentos durante a pandemia. A Escala Transversal de Sintomas de Nível 1 do DSM-5 foi utilizada na identificação dos aspectos da saúde mental (sintomas somáticos, distúrbios do sono, dissociação, depressão, raiva, mania, ansiedade, pensamentos, uso de substâncias e memória) e utilizou-se quimioluminescência para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2. A prevalência de ideação suicida foi de 19,2%, e associou-se ao aumento do consumo de álcool (RP=1,16) e tabagismo (RP=1,30), sintomas de COVID-19 (RP=1,03), ter a vida muito afetada (RP=1,04), doença mental (RP=1,09), sintomas somáticos (RP=1,15), distúrbio do sono (RP=1,30), dissociação (RP=1,24), depressão (RP=1,24), raiva (RP=1,11), ansiedade (RP=1,26), uso de substâncias (RP=1,19), uso de medicamentos (RP=1,18) e memória (RP=1,87). Destacou-se a alta prevalência de ideação suicida e sua associação à sintomas de COVID-19, mudanças de comportamento pós-pandemia e fatores de saúde mental.

Factors associated with suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a population in the Brazilian Legal Amazon.

This article aims to analyze the factors associated with suicidal ideation in the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional home-based survey, with three-stage cluster sampling, was conducted with 4,203 adults from ten municipalities in the Mato Grosso, Brazil. The data collection was carried households to assessment of sociodemographic characteristics, substance use and behavior in the pandemic. The Level 1 Symptom Cross Scale was used to identify suicidal ideation and aspects of mental health (somatic symptoms, sleep disturbances, dissociation, depression, anger, mania, anxiety, thoughts, substance use and memory). Chemiluminescence was used to detect IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 19.2%, and the associated with increased consumption of alcohol (RP=1.16), smoking (RP=1.30), COVID-19 symptoms (RP=1.03), having one's life affected (RP=1.04), mental illness (RP=1.09) somatic symptoms (RP=1.15), sleep disturbance (RP=1.30), dissociation (RP=1.24), depression (RP=1.24), anger (RP=1.11), anxiety (RP=1.26), substance use (RP=1.19), drug prescription use (RP=1.18) and memory (RP=1.87). Highlights the high prevalence of suicidal ideation related to COVID-19 symptoms, changes in behavior post-pandemic and mental health factors.

Factors associated with the use of personal protective equipment among Brazilian physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: The objective was to analyze the factors associated with use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among Brazilian physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 with 1298 Brazilian physicians. The respondent driven sampling technique was used by sharing the survey through social media. RESULTS: Factors associated with the use of PPE while caring for COVID-19 patients were: being female (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.24-1.98; p ≤ 0.001); working in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 2.06-3.75; p ≤ 0.001); training (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.25-2.09; p ≤ 0.001); access to sufficient PPE (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.27-3.90; p = 0.0050), and PPE of good quality (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.16-2.92; p = 0.009). The following factors were associated with the use of recommended PPE during procedures that generate aerosols in the context of COVID-19: working in the ICU (ORA=2.73; 95% CI: 2.06-3.62; p < 0.01); working in a field hospital (AOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.06-1.79; p = 0.018;) training (AOR = 1.72 95% CI: 1.32-2.24; p < 0.01); access to sufficient PPE (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 0.91-2.92; p < 0.01), PPE of good quality (AOR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.28-3.35; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with the use of necessary PPE with COVID-19 patients and for procedures that generate aerosols were identified. Educational interventions for professionals and managers must be implemented to direct them towards protecting themselves and others.

Tuberculosis among People Living on the Street and Using Alcohol, Tobacco, and Illegal Drugs: Analysis of Territories in Extreme Vulnerability and Trends in Southern Brazil.

(1) Background: Tuberculosis presents an epidemiological trend toward inequality, especially among people in social exclusion and situations of vulnerability. This study aimed to analyze territories with a concentration of people diagnosed with tuberculosis in a street situation and who partake in chronic use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. We also analyzed trends in this health condition in southern Brazil. (2) Methods: Ecological study, developed in the 399 municipalities of Paraná, southern Brazil, with all tuberculosis cases in the homeless population registered in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases between 2014 and 2018. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics, the Prais-Winsten autoregression method for the time series, and the Getis-Ord Gi technique* for spatial analysis. (3) Results: in total, 560 cases were reported. We found a predominance of alcohol, smoking, and illicit drug users, with an increasing trend in the state and clusters of spatial risk in the East health macro-region. (4) Conclusions: We observed territories with critical levels of highly vulnerable people who use psychoactive substances and are in a street situation. The results highlight the importance of incorporating public policies of social protection for these individuals and resolutive health services that receive these cases and assist in eradicating TB.