A generally applicable ELISA for the detection and quantitation of the cytosolic factors of NADPH-oxidase activation in neutrophils.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed using polyclonal antibodies raised against two cytosolic proteins of 47 kDa (p47) and 67 kDa (p67) which behave as activation factors for the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of neutrophils at the onset of phagocytosis. These two proteins become associated with the NADPH oxidase complex during activation. This immunological technique has been used to follow the purification steps of p47 and p67. It allows the detection of very small amounts of cytosolic factors in a crude neutrophil extract. It is straightforward and much more sensitive (about 1000 times more) than the classical assay based on the use of a cell-free system of oxidase activation and production of superoxide anion. The percentages of p47 and p67 assessed by ELISA with respect to total cytosolic protein were estimated to amount to 0.13 and 0.20%, respectively. The described method has potential applications for the titration of the cytosolic factors of oxidase activation in autosomal recessive forms of chronic granulomatous disease.

Purification and properties of a functional 47-kilodalton cytosolic factor required for NADPH-oxidase activation in bovine neutrophils.

A cytosolic factor of 47 kDa required for activation of the NADPH oxidase, and referred to as p47, has been purified in its functional form from the cytosol of resting bovine neutrophils. The purification was monitored by the determination of the activating potency of p47 in a cell-free system of oxidase activation. The recovery was around 10% and the purification factor greater than 1000. P47 was phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase A and protein kinase C. [32P] labeled p47 was resolved by isoelectric focusing into two major labeled bands of pI 7.0 and 8.5. Polyclonal antibodies were used to demonstrate that p47 is localized specifically in the cytosol of resting neutrophils, and that, upon activation of neutrophils, p47 is translocated from the cytosol to the membrane.

Activation of O2(-)-generating oxidase in an heterologous cell-free system derived from Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed human B lymphocytes and bovine neutrophils. Application to the study of defects in cytosolic factors in chronic granulomatous disease.

Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed human B lymphocytes (EBV B lymphocytes) stimulated by 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate exhibit an NADPH-dependent oxidase activity capable of generating the superoxide anion O2-, similar to, but less efficient than that of activated neutrophils. A cell-free system of oxidase activation consisting of a membrane fraction and cytosol from EBV B lymphocyte homogenate supplemented with guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]), arachidonic acid and Mg2+ was found to be competent in the production of O2-, assessed by the superoxide-dismutase-sensitive reduction of cytochrome c in the presence of NADPH. However, cytochrome c reduction was slow and largely insensitive both to superoxide dismutase, and to iodonium biphenyl, a powerful inhibitor of the oxidase activity in neutrophils. A markedly faster reduction of cytochrome c in the presence of NADPH was obtained with a heterologous system consisting of cytosol from EBV B lymphocytes and bovine neutrophil membranes, GTP[S], arachidonic acid and Mg2+; in this system, reduction of cytochrome c was totally inhibited by superoxide dismutase and iodonium biphenyl. These results show that EBV B lymphocytes contain a substantial amount of cytosolic factors of oxidase activation, and that the limiting factors for O2- production in B lymphocytes are the membrane components of the oxidase complex. The heterologous system of EBV B lymphocyte cytosol and bovine neutrophil membranes provided a rapid and convenient method to diagnose cytosolic defects in autosomal forms of chronic granulomatous disease. In addition, it might be a useful tool to explore the mechanism of action of the cytosolic factors in oxidase activation.

Purification and characterization of an oxidase activating factor of 63 kilodaltons from bovine neutrophils.

A 63-kDa protein, which behaves as an oxidase activating factor in bovine neutrophils, has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The protein was isolated from the cytosol of resting bovine neutrophils after several steps, including ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on AcA44, DE-52 cellulose, Mono Q, and Superose 12 in the presence of dithiothreitol. The oxidase activating potency of the protein was assayed with a cell-free system consisting of neutrophil membranes, GTP gamma S, arachidonic acid, and a complementary cytosolic fraction. The purification factor was 200 and the yield 3%. During the course of gel filtration on calibrated Superose 12, the 63-kDa protein eluted as a dimer. Its isoelectric point was 6.4 +/- 0.1. Antibodies raised in rabbits against the 63-kDa protein reacted with a protein of similar size in human neutrophils and in HL60 promyelocytic cells induced to differentiate into granulocytes. No immune reaction was observed in cytosol from undifferentiated HL60 cells, in extracts from bovine skeletal muscle, liver, and brain, or in cytosol prepared from neutrophils derived from a patient with an autosomal cytochrome b positive form of chronic granulomatous disease lacking the 67-kDa oxidase activating factor. Immunoblotting with the 63-kDa bovine protein antiserum demonstrated that activation of bovine neutrophil oxidase by phorbol myristate acetate induced the translocation of the 63-kDa protein from cytosol to the membrane.