Revision of the deep-sea Eulimidae (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda) from off Northeast Brazil.

The present study reviews the taxonomy of the marine gastropods belonging to the family Eulimidae Philippi, 1853 from the continental slope off Northeast Brazil. The genera Abyssoaclis Barros, Mello, Barros, Lima, Santos, Cabral Padovan, 2003 and Aclis Lovén, 1846 were not treated here. A total of 20 taxa were identified in this region, excluding Eulima hebes Watson, 1883, a species with a doubtful classification in Eulimidae. The species were assigned to the following genera: Costaclis Bartsch, 1947, Eulima Risso, 1826, Fusceulima Laseron, 1955, Melanella Bowdich, 1822, Ophieulima Warén Sibuet, 1981, Sticteulima Laseron, 1955, Thaleia Warén, 1979, and Umbilibalcis Bouchet Warén, 1986. The genera Sticteulima, Ophieulima and Umbilibalcis are reported for the first time in the southwestern Atlantic. Four species represent new records for the southwestern Atlantic. A redescription of the shell morphology is provided for: Costaclis egregia (Dall, 1889b), Melanella doederleini (Brusina, 1886), and Umbilibalcis lata (Dall, 1889b). Additional information to the original description are reported for other species. Melanella sarissa is considered as a synonym of Melanella cinca Dall, 1927. Six new species are described: Eulima cracentis sp. nov., Melanella paraabida sp. nov., M. adiastalta sp. nov., M. anapetes sp. nov., Sticteulima cabrali sp. nov. and S. canopusensis sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for: Costaclis hyalina, C. egregia, Eulima ephamilla (Watson, 1883), E. psila and E. (?) hebes. Eulima sp. 1, Melanella sp. 1 and Melanella sp. 2 are potential new species, but the scarcity of material precludes a formal description at this moment.

Taxonomic review of Inella and Strobiligera (Gastropoda: Triphoridae) from Brazil.

The triphorid genera Inella and Strobiligera are historically considered to represent one or two distinct groups, with recent studies claiming that Strobiligera comprises species with paucispiral or multispiral protoconchs, whereas only species with paucispiral protoconch occur in Inella. The present study aims to update the taxonomy of Inella and Strobiligera (with paucispiral protoconchs) from Brazil. Three main groups are recognized: Inella s.s. and Strobiligera show a simultaneous emergence of the three spiral cords of the teleoconch, the former possessing a discrete nucleus and the latter bearing a distinct globose protoconch; the "pseudo Inella" group has a late emergence of the median spiral cord of teleoconch. Four species were previously recorded from Brazil: I. unicornium, I. longissima, S. pompona and S. compsa, of which the three latter records are disregarded for being based on shells with broken apices and consequent uncertainty of identification. Twenty species in fact occur in Brazil: Inella s.s. is represented by I. apexbilirata and one possible new species; "pseudo Inella" includes "Inella" differens, "Inella" faberi, "Inella" galo sp. nov., "Inella" euconfio sp. nov., "Inella" leucocephala sp. nov., "Inella" faceta sp. nov., "Inella" maculata sp. nov., "Inella" vanilla sp. nov., and three possible new species; Strobiligera is represented by S. unicornium comb. nov., S. gaesona, S. dinea, Strobiligera campista sp. nov., Strobiligera santista sp. nov., and two possible new species. The "pseudo Inella" group is probably derived from unrelated lineages that converged to a simple type of paucispiral protoconch, requiring the examination of radular morphology to properly reallocate those species. The supposed restricted geographical range of triphorids with lecithotrophic development requires future investigations of the five species from the northwestern Atlantic/Caribbean that are herein recorded to Brazil. Key words: Triphoroidea, marine molluscs, lecithotrophic development, western Atlantic  Introduction Triphoridae is a speciose family of marine snails that feed on sponges, with 642 Recent valid species (WoRMS 2018) and hundreds of undescribed species (Albano et al. 2011). The genus Inella Bayle, 1879 is one of the most challenging taxa in Triphoridae, especially because of its uncertain taxonomic limits and high number of described species (Marshall 1983). Inella and Strobiligera Dall, 1924 are historically considered to represent one or two distinct groups, with recent studies claiming that Strobiligera comprises species with paucispiral or multispiral protoconchs, whereas only species with paucispiral protoconchs occur in Inella (Fernandes Pimenta 2014). A brief taxonomic overview of this issue will be addressed in the next lines.Hinds (1843) proposed the name Ino (preoccupied by the crustacean genus Ino Schrank, 1803; Inella Bayle is a replacement name) for cylindrical, elongated and acuminated triphorid shells. Jousseaume (1884) added that the shell of Inella is composed of at least 15 whorls, sculptured by spiral tubercles, with the last whorl presenting a depressed base and two apertures (i.e., the true aperture and the anterior canal). Laseron (1958) recognized that the Inella concept of Hinds (1843) mixed different shell types; however, Laseron broadened the definitions of Inella, as he also stated, warning that the use of protoconchs could need further generic revision. Kosuge (1966) defined Inella as having axial sculpture and three spiral cords on the teleoconch, a blunt and dome-shaped protoconch with a few spiral ridges, and suggested that Inella belongs to the most advanced group of triphorids. Marshall (1983) proposed the distinction between the "Triphora group" and the "Inella group" (composed of Inella Bayle and related genera) in Triphorinae, perhaps worthy of subfamily distinction, although this division is still informal (Marquet 1996). Marshall (1983: 19) also applied the term Inella s.l., recognizing that it contains "a number of natural groups that are worthy of genus-group status, most of which are as yet unnamed". Simone (2006) interpreted Inella as triphorids with a very elongated shell, a relatively straight spire profile and a projected aperture. Rolán Fernández-Garcés (2008) followed the concept of the catch-all taxon Inella s.l., uniting several species with very different shell forms under a more or less classical protoconch of Inella (i.e., without axial sculpture). Fernandes Pimenta (2014) recognized that lecithotrophic species of Strobiligera have a very inflated protoconch (following Dall 1924), which is distinct from the reduced nucleus observed in Inella s.l., thus substantially reducing the number of species from the Atlantic Ocean previously allocated to the latter.            Marshall (1983) did not indicate any junior synonym for Inella, but Rolán Fernández-Garcés (2008) placed the type species of Strobiligera within Inella, which was later rejected by Fernandes Pimenta (2014). Marquet (1996: 141) mentioned that "Marshall (1983) placed Norephora in synonymy with Inella"; this is not true, as Marshall (1983: 81) only indicated that "Norephora is probably closely related to Inella Bayle" when compared with Talophora Gründel, 1975. In fact, Fernandes Pimenta (2014) suggested that Norephora is probably a synonym of Subulophora Laseron, 1958, pending further investigation. Wenz (1938 apud Kosuge 1966) suggested that Tristoma Menke, 1830 and Biforina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg Dollfus, 1884 were synonyms of Inella, but Marshall (1983) stated that the first is a synonym of Triphora Blainville, 1828 and the second is a synonym of Monophorus Grillo, 1877.Although many species remain to be described in these genera, Inella and Strobiligera are represented altogether by 64 Recent species worldwide (Bouchet Rosenberg 2013; Bouchet Gofas 2014). Both genera are particularly common in mid-low depths of the continental shelf and in the continental slope, especially Strobiligera (Fernandes Pimenta 2017a). Species with paucispiral protoconchs in both groups are absent from the eastern Atlantic (e.g., Bouchet 1985; Rolán 2005), although well-represented in the western Atlantic, with 27 Recent species (Simone 2006; Rolán Fernández-Garcés 2008), mainly in the Caribbean and adjacent regions. Only four of these species were reported from Brazil: Inella unicornium Simone, 2006 is the only endemic species of this genus in Brazil; Strobiligera compsa (Dall, 1927) and Strobiligera pompona (Dall, 1927) were respectively considered misidentifications of Absalão (1989) and Rios (1975, 1985, 1994, 2009) by Fernandes Pimenta (2014); and Inella longissima (Dall, 1881), reported by Rios (1985, 2009) from southern Brazil, replacing his prior identification of Inella triserialis Dall, 1881 (Rios 1975).The main objective of the present work is to update the taxonomy of Inella and Strobiligera species with paucispiral protoconchs, given that Strobiligera species from Brazil with multispiral protoconchs were already reviewed by Fernandes Pimenta (2014), filling a large gap in taxonomic knowledge.

Critical review of type specimens deposited in the Malacological collection of the biological institute/Ufrj, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The Malacological Collection of the Biological Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro figures as an important repository of specimens, containing c.a. 21,000 lots, most of them collected at deep sea of southeast Brazil. A critical review of literature and types deposited in this collection revealed the existence of 191 lots containing type specimens (23 holotypes and 168 paratypes), corresponding to 129 nominal species divided in three classes: Gastropoda (109 names, subdivided in 62 Caenogastropoda; 32 Heterobranchia and 15 Vetigastropoda), Bivalvia (17 names subdivided in 10 Protobranchia; 6 Heterodonta and 1 Pteriomorphia), and Scaphopoda (3 names). For each species, an updated list of data is provided, including the collecting location (revised or corrected, when necessary), number of specimens actually present (i.e., physically found in the collection), nomenclatural acts (if needed) and any other specific issue concerning particular species. It is beyond the scope of this study to discuss classifications or promote subjective judgment on taxonomy at any level for names treated here.

Catalogue of the type specimens deposited in the Mollusca Collection of the Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

A curatorial revision of the type specimens deposited in the Mollusca Collection of the Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ) revealed the existence of 518 lots of type specimens (holotypes, neotypes, syntypes and paratypes) for 285 names of molluscan taxa from 88 families, including 247 gastropods, 30 bivalves, three cephalopods and five scaphopods. A total of 106 holotypes and one neotype are deposited in the MNRJ. Type material for ten nominal taxa described as being deposited in the MNRJ was not located; the probable reasons are discussed. Some previously published erroneous information about types in the MNRJ is rectified. A total of 37 type specimens are illustrated.

Taxonomic review of the family Discodorididae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species.

The family Discodorididae was previously represented by 11 species in Brazil; however, recently collected specimens from several localities in Rio de Janeiro, in addition to the study of material previously deposited in scientific collections, revealed the existence of 13 taxa: Diaulula greeleyi (MacFarland, 1909), Discodoris hummelincki (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963) comb. nov., Discodoris branneri MacFarland, 1909, Geitodoris pusae (Er. Marcus, 1955), Hoplodoris hansrosaorum Domínguez, García & Troncoso, 2006, Jorunna spazzola Er. Marcus, 1955, Jorunna spongiosa sp. nov., Paradoris mulciber (Ev. Marcus, 1971), Platydoris angustipes (Mörch, 1863), Rostanga byga Er. Marcus, 1958a, Taringa telopia Er. Marcus, 1955, Taringa iemanja sp. nov., and Thordisa diuda Er. Marcus, 1955. Discodoris voniheringi MacFarland, 1909 was previously regarded as nomen dubium, and this view is maintained in the present study. Three new records for the Brazilian coast are recognized among these 13 taxa; the previous record of Diaulula phoca (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967a) is rectified as Discodoris hummelincki comb. nov., constituting the first record of this species from Brazil; two new species, Taringa iemanja sp. nov. and Jorunna spongiosa sp. nov., are described in anatomical detail. The following taxa, which were formerly considered junior synonyms of species studied in this work, have been revalidated: Diaulula nayarita (Ortea & Llera, 1981), from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, which differs from Diaulula greeleyi in the length and width of caryophyllidia; Discodoris mortenseni Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963, from the Caribbean, which is likely to belong to Jorunna, yet differs from Jorunna spazzola in body size and coloration, radula appearance, and number of lamellae in the rhinophores; Jorunna luisae Ev. Marcus, 1976, which differs from Jorunna spazzola in the reproductive system, mainly in the size and shape of the accessory gland; and Thordisa azmani Cervera & García-Gómez, 1989, which differs from Thordisa diuda in the presence of two accessory glands in the genital atrium and the absence of one denticle in the external surface of the inner lateral teeth. Finally, the specimens of Geitodoris pusae reported from the European coast and Mediterranean Sea show differences in general coloration and in the radula, gill, and reproductive system, thereby these specimens likely refer to different taxa.