Probable awake bruxism - prevalence and associated factors: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Bruxism is defined as a repetitive activity of masticatory muscles, characterized by the clenching or grinding of the teeth, which can occur during wakefulness (awake bruxism) or during sleep (sleep bruxism). OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of awake bruxism and its associated factors. METHODS: Sample was composed by 50 participants of both genders, aged between 18 and 60 years, submitted to a clinical examination - to observe the presence of tooth wear, marks on the mucosa, or masseter muscles hypertrophy - and self-applied questionnaires, which evaluated the presence of TMD signs and symptoms, oral behaviors, lifestyles, anxiety level and sleep quality. RESULTS: The prevalence of awake bruxism was 48%. Its presence was statistically and significantly associated with the presence of signs and symptoms of TMD (p= 0.002), poor sleep quality (p = 0.032), buccal mucosa indentations (p < 0.001) and tongue (p = 0.011). Age, gender, social characteristics, habits (such as coffee ingestion, smoking, alcoholism and physical activity) and tooth wear were variables that had no significant association with awake bruxism. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that awake bruxism shows a high prevalence and a positive association with signs and symptoms of TMD and worst sleep quality. In addition, awake bruxism is more likely to occur in individuals who have buccal mucosa indentation and who present high rates of oral habits and oral behaviors.

Probable awake bruxism - prevalence and associated factors: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bruxism is defined as a repetitive activity of masticatory muscles, characterized by the clenching or grinding of the teeth, which can occur during wakefulness (awake bruxism) or during sleep (sleep bruxism). Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of awake bruxism and its associated factors. Methods: Sample was composed by 50 participants of both genders, aged between 18 and 60 years, submitted to a clinical examination - to observe the presence of tooth wear, marks on the mucosa, or masseter muscles hypertrophy - and self-applied questionnaires, which evaluated the presence of TMD signs and symptoms, oral behaviors, lifestyles, anxiety level and sleep quality. Results: The prevalence of awake bruxism was 48%. Its presence was statistically and significantly associated with the presence of signs and symptoms of TMD (p=0.002), poor sleep quality (p=0.032), buccal mucosa indentations (p<0.001) and tongue (p=0.011). Age, gender, social characteristics, habits (such as coffee ingestion, smoking, alcoholism and physical activity) and tooth wear were variables that had no significant association with awake bruxism. Conclusions: It was concluded that awake bruxism shows a high prevalence and a positive association with signs and symptoms of TMD and worst sleep quality. In addition, awake bruxism is more likely to occur in individuals who have buccal mucosa indentation and who present high rates of oral habits and oral behaviors.

RESUMO Introdução: O bruxismo é definido como a atividade repetitiva dos músculos mastigatórios, e pode ocorrer durante o período acordado (bruxismo em vigília) ou durante o sono (bruxismo do sono). Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de bruxismo em vigília e seus fatores associados. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 50 participantes, de ambos os sexos, com idades de 18 a 60 anos, avaliados por meio de minucioso exame clínico - para observar se havia presença de sinais como desgaste dentário, indentações na mucosa, hipertrofia do músculo masseter - e de questionários autoaplicáveis que visaram avaliar a presença de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), os comportamentos orais e hábitos de vida, o nível de ansiedade e a qualidade de sono dos participantes. Resultados: A prevalência de bruxismo em vigília foi de 48%. Sua presença foi associada, estatística e significativamente, com a presença de sinais e sintomas de DTM (p=0,002), má qualidade do sono (p=0,032), e indentações na mucosa jugal (p<0,001) e língua (p=0,011). Por outro lado, a idade, sexo, características sociais, hábitos (como ingestão de café, fumo, álcool e prática de atividade física), e o desgaste dentário foram variáveis que não tiveram associação com o bruxismo em vigília. Conclusão: Diante disso, conclui-se que o bruxismo em vigília possui uma prevalência significativa e uma associação positiva com DTM e qualidade do sono. Além disso, o bruxismo em vigília apresenta maior probabilidade de acontecer em indivíduos com indentação de mucosa jugal e com alta prevalência de hábitos e comportamentos orais.

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders and Anxiety State Levels in Ballet Dancers A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study evaluated the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in ballet dancers and explored their association with levels of anxiety. Participants were 51 male and female ballet dancers with a mean age of 31.5 ± 12.6 years. The diagnosis of TMDs was made in accordance with Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (RDC/TMD). All subjects completed the state part of an anxiety questionnaire (STAI). Data were gathered and analyzed using the R statistical software (version: 3.4.0.) with level of significance set at 5%. The prevalence of all TMDs in the sample was 78%; that is, of the 51 participants, 39 had at least one positive diagnosis. The two most prevalence diagnoses were disk displacement with reduction and arthralgia. Individuals with TMD had a mean anxiety score of 42.55 ± 9.92 on the STAI, whereas for those without TMD it was 44.27 ± 11.89, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.53). It is concluded that the general prevalence of TMDs in ballet dancer is higher than in the population at large. Disk displacement with reduction and arthralgia are the most common TMDs, and the presence of TMDs does not seem to affect anxiety state levels in this population.

Self-care, education, and awareness of the patient with temporomandibular disorder: a systematic review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular disorder consists of a variety of conditions associated with pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles and associated structures. Self-care clinical protocols are commonly used as initial therapy for temporomandibular disorder patients after diagnosis as a conservative and non-invasive approach. This review aimed to study the self-care techniques in the literature and its efficacy. CONTENTS: This was a systematic review of the literature, with a survey in the databases Science Direct and Pubmed, in addition to the gray literature, Google Scholar. The following descriptors were used: "self-care", "temporomandibular dysfunction" and "counseling". Articles in English and Portuguese published between 2010 and 2018 were included. Twenty-one articles were selected based on a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. CONCLUSION: There are two main objectives in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder patients, the reduction of pain and improvement of function. It was concluded that self-care therapies are effective in achieving these goals, in addition to being low-tech and non-invasive. Patients who actively participate in their healing process present faster improvements, by altering their general perception of pain.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Disfunção temporomandibu lar consiste em uma variedade de condições associadas com dor e disfunção da articulação temporomandibular, músculos da masti gação e estruturas associadas. Os protocolos clínicos de autocuidado são comumente usados como terapia inicial do paciente com disfun ção temporomandibular, após o diagnóstico, como uma abordagem conservadora e não invasiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar as técnicas de autocuidado presentes na literatura e sua eficácia. CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da litera tura, com um levantamento nas bases de dados Science Direct e Pubmed, além da literatura cinzenta, Google Acadêmico. Os seguintes descritores foram utilizados: "autocuidado", "disfunção temporomandibular" e "aconselhamento". Artigos em inglês e português, publicados entre 2010 e 2018, foram incluídos. Vin te e um artigos foram selecionados com base em uma série de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. CONCLUSÃO: Há dois objetivos principais no tratamento do paciente com disfunção temporomandibular, sendo a redução da dor e a melhora da função. Concluiu-se que terapias de au tocuidado são efetivas em atingir estes objetivos, além de não -invasivas e de baixo custo tecnológico. Pacientes que participam ativamente no próprio processo de cura apresentam melhorias mais rapidamente, alterando sua percepção geral da dor.