[Persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated to aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery: a case report]. / Arteria trigeminal primitiva persistente asociada a aneurisma de la arteria comunicante posterior. Presentación de un caso.

We report the case of a patient that presented with an intense headache caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated the existence of an aneurysm of the left posterior communicating artery, as well as of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery.

[Heterotopia as the cause of seizures. A case report of familial periependymal heterotopia]. / Heterotopía como causa de crisis. A propósito de un caso de heterotopía periependimaria familiar.

INTRODUCTION: Cortical development disorders constitute a group of entities resulting from an interruption in the development of the central nervous system. Most of them derive from the stoppage of migration, but proliferation and organisation can also be affected. Heterotopia is the most frequent of all migration disorders. CASE REPORTS: We describe three cases of familial periependymal heterotopia consisting in three sisters who, after having seizures in infancy, were submitted to a magnetic resonance (MR) scan that revealed isointense nodules in the cortical grey matter in all the MR sequences. They were diagnosed as having periependymal heterotopia. The existence of a history of early onset seizures in the family of the mother supported the diagnosis of familial heterotopia. CONCLUSIONS: Heterotopia is the most frequently occurring anomaly affecting cortical development and, of these, the periependymal form is the most common. Periependymal heterotopia may be determined by sex-linked inheritance (X chromosome). It is considered to be one of the most common congenital disorders in familial and early onset epilepsy. MR is the preferred diagnostic technique, since its high resolution allows it to identify and characterise heterotopias.

Transthoracic aspiration biopsy of pulmonary and mediastinal lesions.

Thoracic aspiration biopsy (TAB) constitutes a useful technique in establishing a diagnosis in diseases of the lungs and mediastinum. Results obtained from 1046 fluoroscopically-guided TABs are presented with review of the most important aspects of the technique. Diagnostic accuracy in malignancy detection was 93.8% in lung lesions (n = 984) and 74.5% in mediastinal lesions (n = 62). Sensitivity was higher in peripheral than in central lesions (96% vs. 87%, respectively). Specificity was 100% in both groups. Sensitivity in lesions smaller than 2 cm was 70% and 94% in larger lesions. Aspiration biopsies performed with Chiba and Franseen needles showed a similar sensitivity (95%) higher than with other types of needles. A pneumothorax developed in 138 patients (13.2%). Only eight of these required the use of an endothoracic tube (0.8% of all biopsies).

[Radiologic aspects of granulomatous colitis]. / Aspectos radiológicos de la colitis granulomatosa.

The granulomatous colitis represents the peculiar clinical and radiological manifestations of the Crohn disease, localized in the colon. Although it can be localized in any organ of the digestive apparatus, the affection of the colon follows in importance to the ileocecal, with identical pathologic characteristics. The radiology is a fundamental pillar of the diagnostic when there are established direct and indirect signs of the macroscopic alterations, of its development and complications. We present our experience in 53 cases of granulomatous colitis of which, there was in 25 of them, besides ileal afectation. Three patients in precocious phase, presented irregular contours and inflammatory polypus, standing out the importance of the mucous patron study. In no estenotic phase with evident signs of the granulomatous afectation, there were observed 42 cases with typical patron on cobblestone and 8 cases in no estenotic phase with looseness of mucous relief and haustras. The presence of fistulizations was little frequent, only in two cases.