Performance of a household tuberculosis exposure survey among children in a Latin American setting.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a survey that quantifies the intensity of household tuberculosis (TB) exposure among children.METHODS: Children aged 0-14 years in Lima, Peru, with ≥1 signs and/or symptoms of TB and a history of contact with an adult TB patient were included. The 10-question survey was administered to caregivers and addressed sleep proximity, frequency of exposure, and infectiousness of the contact. Infection status was determined using tuberculin skin tests (TSTs). The exposure scale was evaluated for association with TST positivity using mixed-effects regression analyses.RESULTS: The exposure score was significantly associated with TST positivity (age-adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.14, 95%CI 1.02-1.28). We observed a stronger association with TST positivity in children aged ≤5 years; (aOR 1.23, 95%CI 1.07-1.41) and no association in children 6-14 years of age (aOR 0.99, 95%CI 0.82-1.20).CONCLUSION: This survey was easy to use and modestly successful in predicting TST positivity in children aged ≤5 years. It may be a useful resource for clinicians for diagnosing TB in children, and for national TB programs aiming to scale up preventive therapy initiatives.

Extracellular NK histones promote immune cell anti-tumor activity by inducing cell clusters through binding to CD138 receptor.

BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells are important anti-tumor cells of our innate immune system. Their anti-cancer activity is mediated through interaction of a wide array of activating and inhibitory receptors with their ligands on tumor cells. After activation, NK cells also secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory molecules that contribute to the final immune response by modulating other innate and adaptive immune cells. In this regard, external proteins from NK cell secretome and the mechanisms by which they mediate these responses are poorly defined. METHODS: TRANS-stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (TRANS-SILAC) combined with proteomic was undertaken to identify early materials transferred between cord blood-derived NK cells (CB-NK) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Further in vitro and in vivo studies with knock-down of histones and CD138, overexpression of histones and addition of exogenous histones were undertaken to confirm TRANS-SILAC results and to determine functional roles of this material transferred. RESULTS: We describe a novel mechanism by which histones are actively released by NK cells early after contact with MM cells. We show that extracellular histones bind to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan CD138 on the surface of MM cells to promote the creation of immune-tumor cell clusters bringing immune and MM cells into close proximity, and thus facilitating not only NK but also T lymphocyte anti-MM activity. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a novel immunoregulatory role of NK cells against MM cells mediated by histones, and an additional role of NK cells modulating T lymphocytes activity that will open up new avenues to design future immunotherapy clinical strategies.

Bebidas energéticas y estudiantes universitarios en España. Usos, efectos y asociaciones / Energy drinks and university students in Spain. Uses, effects and associations

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las bebidas energéticas (BE) son bebidas carbonatadas creadas y comercializadas con la intención de incrementar el rendimiento físico y mental. Sus ingredientes principales son la glucosa, cafeína, taurina, glucoronolactona y vitaminas del grupo B. OBJETIVOS: Conocer la frecuencia de consumo de BE en estudiantes universitarios, la finalidad, así como los factores asociados a su uso, su relación con el consumo de otras sustancias y los efectos experimentados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal realizado a través de una encuesta online por medio de la plataforma "Formularios" de Google DocsR, lanzada entre marzo y agosto de 2014 dirigido a estudiantes universitarios de toda España. Los resultados se analizaron mediante el paquete estadístico SPSSR. RESULTADOS: De los 633 encuestados 221 fueron hombres (34.9 %) y 412 mujeres (65.1 %).384 (61 %) han probado las BE. El consumo es mayor en hombres ,70 %, frente a un 55% en mujeres. Dentro de sus efectos reportados están: el incremento rendimiento académico (23.7 %) taquicardia (34.9 %), el insomnio (33.6 %) y nerviosismo (45.1 %). Hemos encontrado asociación entre su consumo con: psicofármacos; de drogas en general; alcohol; tabaco y marihuana (OR=1.43; 1.28; 1.5; 1.25; 1.28, respectivamente). En época de exámenes observamos una asociación entre consumo de BE y el cambio de dieta (OR= 1.65). Finalmente, existe una asociación positiva ente la toma de BE con intención de mejorar el rendimiento académico y la sensación de obtenerlo (OR=2.72). CONCLUSIONES: Existe un alto consumo de BE entre los estudiantes universitarios, predominante en varones, asociado a la época de exámenes y su consumo junto a bebidas alcohólicas. Se encuentra una asociación con la toma separada de alcohol, tabaco, marihuana y psicofármacos. Es por ello que se cree conveniente llevar a cabo estudios que aborden posibles asociaciones de su consumo con alteraciones en la dieta

INTRODUCTION: Energy drinks are carbonated drinks which purpose is to increase physical and mental performance. Its main ingredients are glucose, caffeine, taurine, glucoronolactone and vitamine B. MAIN OBJECTIVE: We aim to asses the frequency of the use of energy drinks and its purpose, among a population of university students. We aim also to correlate it with the use of other substances and their effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross- sectional study designed throug an on line questionnaire launched in the Google DocsR platform, and answered by spanish university students between march and august of 2014. Statistical analysis was performed with statistical software SPSSR. RESULTS: Out of 633 participants 221 were male (34,9%) and 412 female (65,1%).384 (61%) had tried energetic drinks. Its use is higher in male (70%) than in female (55%). Between its effects we found the increase in academic performance (23,7%), tachycardia (34,9%), insomnia (33,6%), and anxiety (45,1%). We found an association between the intake of energy drinks and the use of psychoactive drugs, abuse drugs, alcohol, tobacco and marijuana (OR=1.43; 1.28; 1.5; 1.25; 1.28). During exams period we found an association between intake of energy drinks and change in feeding habits (OR= 1.65). Finally, there is an association between the intake of energy drinks with the purpose of increasing academic performance and the feeling of having achieved it (OR=2.72). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of energy drinks intake between university students, specially in male, associated to exams period and in combination with alcoholic drinks. There is an association with the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and psychoactive drugs. We suggest it woud be convenient to design tryals to find out the association between its use and change in diet habits

Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on in-vitro cellular cultures HeLa and CHO.

This paper presents the cellular proliferation effects of the exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on in-vitro cellular cultures HeLa and CHO. Through the magnetic stimulation system (MSS) the cells were exposed to magnetic fields with sinusoidal waveform at 50 Hz; initially for 40 minutes at intensities of 0.4 mT, 1.4 mT, 2.13 mT, 2.49 mT and 2.53 mT in parallel and perpendicular directions to the culture plates. Subsequently, the repetitive electromagnetic field (rEMF) was applied to 2.49 mT in parallel direction (for 40 minutes every twelve hours during 4 days) with which the highest cellular proliferation rate was obtained at 66.6 %. The results show a greater effect on proliferation in radiated cell lines, particularly in the application of rEMF a greater effect of ELF-EMF was observed in the proliferation rate of HeLa cells than in CHO cells, in contrast to the respective control cells. These results supported by other studies serve as a reference in the search for alternatives for the treatment of cervical cancer and the maintenance and preservation of cell lines.

Transmissible cytotoxicity of multiple myeloma cells by cord blood-derived NK cells is mediated by vesicle trafficking.

Natural killer cells (NK) are important effectors of anti-tumor immunity, activated either by the downregulation of HLA-I molecules on tumor cells and/or the interaction of NK-activating receptors with ligands that are overexpressed on target cells upon tumor transformation (including NKG2D and NKP30). NK kill target cells by the vesicular delivery of cytolytic molecules such as Granzyme-B and Granulysin activating different cell death pathways, which can be Caspase-3 dependent or Caspase-3 independent. Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable neoplastic plasma-cell disorder. However, we previously reported the encouraging observation that cord blood-derived NK (CB-NK), a new source of NK, showed anti-tumor activity in an in vivo murine model of MM and confirmed a correlation between high levels of NKG2D expression by MM cells and increased efficacy of CB-NK in reducing tumor burden. We aimed to characterize the mechanism of CB-NK-mediated cytotoxicity against MM cells. We show a Caspase-3- and Granzyme-B-independent cell death, and we reveal a mechanism of transmissible cell death between cells, which involves lipid-protein vesicle transfer from CB-NK to MM cells. These vesicles are secondarily transferred from recipient MM cells to neighboring MM cells amplifying the initial CB-NK cytotoxicity achieved. This indirect cytotoxicity involves the transfer of NKG2D and NKP30 and leads to lysosomal cell death and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species in MM cells. These findings suggest a novel and unique mechanism of CB-NK cytotoxicity against MM cells and highlight the importance of lipids and lipid transfer in this process. Further, these data provide a rationale for the development of CB-NK-based cellular therapies in the treatment of MM.

Prácticas de Salud Ocupacional y niveles de biomarcadores séricos en aplicadores de plaguicidas de cultivos de arroz en Natagaima-Tolima, Colombia / Occupational health practice and levels of serum biomarkers in pesticide applicators rice crops in Natagaima-Tolima, Colombia

Los pequeños agricultores de arroz del sector informal en Colombia son una población vulnerable a la intoxicación aguda y crónica por plaguicidas, especialmente porque no han sido incluidos en programas nacionales de capacitación, vigilancia y control de intoxicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar mediante una encuesta el estado de cumplimiento de las prácticas de salud ocupacional y disposición adecuada de residuos de plaguicidas en un grupo de agricultores del municipio de Natagaima en Colombia y evaluar el nivel de biomarcadores séricos de efecto por exposición a plaguicidas en esta población. Los resultados muestran un panorama en donde prevalece una aparente percepción del riesgo por el uso de plaguicidas, pero hay una gran carencia de prácticas de salud ocupacional en la población que los manipula. El análisis de los biomarcadores séricos permitió detectar un aumento significativo en los niveles de aspartato amino transferasa, creatinina y ácido úrico y descenso de los niveles de colinesterasa sérica demostrando posibles alteraciones subclínicas de la función renal y hepática en la población estudiada (AU)

Small farmers in rice informal sector in Colombia are vulnerable to acute and chronic pesticide poisoning population, especially because they have not been included in national training programs, monitoring and poison control. The aim of this study was to identify through a survey of the state of compliance with occupational health practices and proper disposal of pesticide residues in a group of farmers in the municipality of Natagaima in Colombia and assess the level of serum biomarkers of effect exposure pesticides in this population. The results show a scenario in which prevails an apparent perception of risk by the use of pesticides, but there is a lack of practical occupational health in the population that manipulates

Analysis of BH3-only proteins upregulated in response to oxygen/glucose deprivation in cortical neurons identifies Bmf but not Noxa as potential mediator of neuronal injury.

Stress signaling in response to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) and ischemic injury activates a group of pro-apoptotic genes, the Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3)-only proteins, which are capable of activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Targeted studies previously identified the BH3-only proteins Puma, Bim and Bid to have a role in ischemic/hypoxic neuronal injury. We here investigated the transcriptional activation of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins after OGD-induced injury in murine neocortical neurons. We observed a potent and early upregulation of noxa at mRNA and protein level, and a significant increase in Bmf protein levels during OGD in neocortical neurons and in the ipsilateral cortex of mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Surprisingly, gene deficiency in noxa reduced neither OGD- nor glutamate-induced neuronal injury in cortical neurons and failed to influence infarct size or neurological deficits after tMCAO. In contrast, bmf deficiency induced significant protection against OGD- or glutamate-induced injury in cultured neurons, and bmf-deficient mice showed reduced neurological deficits after tMCAO in vivo. Collectively, our data not only point to a role of Bmf as a BH3-only protein contributing to excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal injury but also demonstrate that the early and potent induction of noxa does not influence ischemic neuronal injury.

Apolipoprotein L2 contains a BH3-like domain but it does not behave as a BH3-only protein.

Apolipoproteins of the L family are lipid-binding proteins whose function is largely unknown. Apolipoprotein L1 and apolipoprotein L6 have been recently described as novel pro-death BH3-only proteins that are also capable of regulating autophagy. In an in-silico screening to discover novel putative BH3-only proteins, we identified yet another member of the apolipoprotein L family, apolipoprotein L2 (ApoL2), as a BH3 motif-containing protein. ApoL2 has been suggested to behave as a BH3-only protein and mediate cell death induced by interferon-gamma or viral infection. As previously described, we observed that ApoL2 protein was induced by interferon-gamma. However, knocking down its expression in HeLa cells did not regulate cell death induced by interferon-gamma. Overexpression of ApoL2 did not induce cell death on its own. ApoL2 did not sensitize or protect cells from overexpression of the BH3-only proteins Bmf or Noxa. Furthermore, siRNA against ApoL2 did not alter sensitivity to a variety of death stimuli. We could, however, detect a weak interaction between ApoL2 and Bcl-2 by immunoprecipitation of the former, suggesting a role of ApoL2 in a Bcl-2-regulated process like autophagy. However, in contrast to what has been described about its homologs ApoL1 and ApoL6, ApoL2 did not regulate autophagy. Thus, the role, if any, of ApoL2 in cell death remains to be clarified.

Resolución de múltiples nódulos pulmonares cavitados con el abandono del hábito tabáquico como único tratamiento / Resolution of multiple cavitated lung nodules with smoking cessation as the only treatment

El término histiocitosis hace referencia a un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades caracterizadas por la infiltración de células de Langerhans (CL) en diferentes órganos. La histiocitosis pulmonar (HP) es una enfermedad poco frecuente que afecta típicamente a adultos jóvenes. Su patogenia no es bien conocida, aunque se ha observado una relación con el tabaquismo, por lo que la primera medida de tratamiento que se debe realizar es el abandono de éste. Presentamos un caso de histiocitosis pulmonar que evolucionó en seis meses de forma favorable, clínica, funcional y radiológicamente como consecuencia del abandono del tabaco como único tratamiento (AU)

The term histiocytosis refers to a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the infiltration of Langerhans cells (LC) in different organs. Pulmonary Histiocytosis (PH) is anuncommon disease that typically affects young adults. Its pathogeny is not well known, although a relationship with smoking has been observed. Thus, the first treatment measure should be smoking cessation. We present a case of pulmonary histiocytosis that showed a favorable clinical, functional and radiological course in six months as a consequence of using smoking cessation as the only treatment (AU)

Cancer metabolism: current perspectives and future directions.

Cellular metabolism influences life and death decisions. An emerging theme in cancer biology is that metabolic regulation is intricately linked to cancer progression. In part, this is due to the fact that proliferation is tightly regulated by availability of nutrients. Mitogenic signals promote nutrient uptake and synthesis of DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids. Therefore, it seems straight-forward that oncogenes, that often promote proliferation, also promote metabolic changes. In this review we summarize our current understanding of how 'metabolic transformation' is linked to oncogenic transformation, and why inhibition of metabolism may prove a cancer's 'Achilles' heel'. On one hand, mutation of metabolic enzymes and metabolic stress sensors confers synthetic lethality with inhibitors of metabolism. On the other hand, hyperactivation of oncogenic pathways makes tumors more susceptible to metabolic inhibition. Conversely, an adequate nutrient supply and active metabolism regulates Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibits susceptibility to apoptosis. Here, we provide an overview of the metabolic pathways that represent anti-cancer targets and the cell death pathways engaged by metabolic inhibitors. Additionally, we will detail the similarities between metabolism of cancer cells and metabolism of proliferating cells.

Sugar-free approaches to cancer cell killing.

Tumors show an increased rate of glucose uptake and utilization. For this reason, glucose analogs are used to visualize tumors by the positron emission tomography technique, and inhibitors of glycolytic metabolism are being tested in clinical trials. Upregulation of glycolysis confers several advantages to tumor cells: it promotes tumor growth and has also been shown to interfere with cell death at multiple levels. Enforcement of glycolysis inhibits apoptosis induced by cytokine deprivation. Conversely, antiglycolytic agents enhance cell death induced by radio- and chemotherapy. Synergistic effects are likely due to regulation of the apoptotic machinery, as glucose regulates activation and levels of proapoptotic BH3-only proteins such as Bim, Bad, Puma and Noxa, as well as the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins. Moreover, inhibition of glucose metabolism sensitizes cells to death ligands. Glucose deprivation and antiglycolytic drugs induce tumor cell death, which can proceed through necrosis or through mitochondrial or caspase-8-mediated apoptosis. We will discuss how oncogenic pathways involved in metabolic stress signaling, such as p53, AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) and Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), influence sensitivity to inhibition of glucose metabolism. Finally, we will analyze the rationale for the use of antiglycolytic inhibitors in the clinic, either as single agents or as a part of combination therapies.

Glucose deprivation induces an atypical form of apoptosis mediated by caspase-8 in Bax-, Bak-deficient cells.

Apoptosis induced by most stimuli proceeds through the mitochondrial pathway. One such stimulus is nutrient deprivation. In this study we studied death induced by glucose deprivation in cells deficient in Bax and Bak. These cells cannot undergo mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) during apoptosis, but they undergo necrosis when treated with MOMP-dependent apoptotic stimuli. We find in these cells that glucose deprivation, rather than inducing necrosis, triggered apoptosis. Cell death required caspase activation as inhibition of caspases with peptidic inhibitors prevented death. Glucose deprivation-induced death displayed many hallmarks of apoptosis, such as caspase cleavage and activity, phosphatidyl-serine exposure and cleavage of caspase substrates. Neither overexpression of Bcl-xL nor knockdown of caspase-9 prevented death. However, transient or stable knockdown of caspase-8 or overexpression of CrmA inhibited apoptosis. Cell death was not inhibited by preventing death receptor-ligand interactions, by overexpression of c-FLIP or by knockdown of RIPK1. Glucose deprivation induced apoptosis in the human tumor cell line HeLa, which was prevented by knockdown of caspase-8. Thus, we have found that glucose deprivation can induce a death receptor-independent, caspase-8-driven apoptosis, which is engaged to kill cells that cannot undergo MOMP.

Paciente con síncope y disnea / Patient with syncope and dyspnea

Resumen. La hipertensión pulmonar (HP) es una condición hemodinámica que se define por un aumento de la presión media de la arteria pulmonar mayor de 25 mmHg en reposo, medida por cateterismo cardíaco derecho. El aumento progresivo de la resistencia vascular pulmonar (RVP) conduce al fallo del ventrículo derecho y a la muerte prematura, con una esperanza de vida media con tratamiento convencional de 2,8 años. Se ha producido una modificación en la clasificación de la HP, en cinco subgrupos, clínicos basadas, fundamentalmente, en las características clínicas de las mismas y en las opciones terapéuticas para cada grupo. El diagnóstico de esta enfermedad es difícil debido a su rareza, con una prevalencia de 15 casos por millón de habitantes, y a lo inespecífico de los síntomas, lo que produce un retraso en el mismo de meses o años. Por ese motivo se ha propuesto un algoritmo diagnóstico. La estrategia en el tratamiento es distinto según los diferentes grupos y el perfil “de riesgo”. Los avance logrados en el tratamiento, las nuevas perspectivas terapéuticas en investigación, la aplicación en la práctica clínica de consensos y guías, nos permitirán un manejo homogéneo y multidisciplinario, para poder llegar al tan esperado cambio en el pronóstico de esta enfermedad (AU)

Summary. Pulmonary hypertension is an hemodynamic condition defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure major that 25 mmHg at rest as assessed by right heart catheterization. This progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) leads to right heart failure and premature death with an average life expectancy with conventional treatment of 2.8 years. There has been a change in classification, into five subgroups, of those different clinical conditions that have pulmonary hypertension, based mainly on clinical features and the treatment options for each group. The diagnosis of this disease is difficult because of its rarity, with a prevalence of 15 cases per million population, and poor specificity of symptoms leading to delayed it for months or years. For that reason we have proposed a diagnostic algorithm. The treatment strategy is different for each groups, and we also divide them into two groups according to the profile “of risk” in an attempt to define the steps to follow in each. The progress made in treatment, new therapeutic perspectives in research, application in clinical practice and consensus guidelines, that allow us an homogeneous and multidisciplinary management in order to reach the long-awaited change in the prognosis of this disease (AU)

Glycolysis inhibition sensitizes tumor cells to death receptors-induced apoptosis by AMP kinase activation leading to Mcl-1 block in translation.

Most cancer cells exhibit increased glycolysis for generation of their energy supply. This specificity could be used to preferentially kill these cells. In this study, we identified the signaling pathway initiated by glycolysis inhibition that results in sensitization to death receptor (DR)-induced apoptosis. We showed, in several human cancer cell lines (such as Jurkat, HeLa, U937), that glucose removal or the use of nonmetabolizable form of glucose (2-deoxyglucose) dramatically enhances apoptosis induced by Fas or by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. This sensitization is controlled through the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is the central energy-sensing system of the cell. We established the fact that AMPK is activated upon glycolysis block resulting in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition leading to Mcl-1 decrease, but no other Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic members. Interestingly, we determined that, upon glycolysis inhibition, the AMPK-mTOR pathway controlled Mcl-1 levels neither through transcriptional nor through posttranslational mechanism but rather by controlling its translation. Therefore, our results show a novel mechanism for the sensitization to DR-induced apoptosis linking glucose metabolism to Mcl-1 downexpression. In addition, this study provides a rationale for the combined use of DR ligands with AMPK activators or mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of human cancers.

Aspergiloma pulmonar con buena respuesta a antifúngico / Pulmonary Aspergilloma with good response to an antifungal agent

Resumen. Aspergillus sp es una familia de hongos ubicuos que se adquieren mediante la inhalación de esporas y, en pacientes predispuestos, produce afectación pulmonar, siendo el aspergiloma la forma más común y mejor conocida. Se caracteriza por una bola fúngica constituida por hifas del hongo, células inflamatorias, fibrina, moco y restos titulares. Habitualmente, el aspergiloma se forma en una cavidad pre-existente del pulmón causada por diferentes patologías como tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, bronquiectasias, fibrosis quística, bullas, espondilitis anquilosante, neoplasias o infecciones pulmonares. Clínicamente los pacientes suelen estar asintomáticos o paucisintomáticos siendo la hemoptisis el síntoma más frecuente. El diagnóstico de la enfermedad se basa en la clínica y en los hallazgos de la radiografía, combinado con la serología y los cultivos microbiológicos. El tratamiento del aspergiloma es controvertido, dependiendo de varios factores. Presentamos dos casos de aspergiloma que han sido tratados con itraconazol con buena evolución (AU)

Abstract. Aspergillus sp is a ubiquitous family of fungi that are acquired through the inhalation of spores. Aspergilloma is the most common and best known of pulmonary involvement by Aspergillus. It is characterized by a ball made up of fungal hyphae, inflammatory cells, fibrin, mucus and debris holders. Typically, the Aspergilloma is forming in a pre-existing avity in the lung, caused by various diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, bullae, ankylosing spondylitis, tumors or lung infections. Clinically, patients are often asymptomatic being the hemoptisis the most common symptom. The diagnosis of the disease is based on clinical findings and in the radiography, combined with serology and microbiologic cultures. The treatment is controversial depending on several factors. We present two cases of Aspergilloma who have been treated with Itraconazole with good results (AU)

Neumonía y masa de pared torácica / Pneumonia and thoracic wall mass

Los Actinomyces son bacterias anaerobias, que crecen formando racimos y filamentos y forman parte de la flora normal de la orofaringe, tracto gastrointestinal y genital femenino. Existen catorce especies de Actinomyces, siendo A. israeli la principal especie patógena en humanos. La mayoría de dichas infecciones son polimicrobianas, como en el caso que presentamos a continuación de una paciente con neumonía polimicrobiana y absceso cutáneo (AU)

Actinomyces are anaerobic bacteria, that grow forming clusters and filaments and form a part of the normal flora of the oropharynge, gastrointestinal tract and female genital tract. There are fourteen species of Actinomyces, A. israeli being the main pathogenic species in humans. Most of these infections are polymicrobial, as in the case we present herein of a female patient with polymicrobial pneumonia and cutaneous abscess (AU)

Afectación pulmonar de la neurofibromatosis: a propósito de un caso / Pulmonary involvement in neurofibromatosis: a case report

La neurofibromatosis es una enfermedad autosómica dominante. Entre los hallazgos clínicos descritos, la afectación pulmonar se caracteriza por aparición de disnea, tos y dolor torácico, aunque en ocasiones el paciente puede estar asintomático. Los datos radiológicos más frecuentes son la presencia de bullas, enfisema, áreas de vidrio deslustrado y patrón reticular. Las pruebas respiratorias funcionales muestran una disminución de la capacidad de difusión. Presentamos un caso de afectación pulmonar en un paciente con neurofibromatosis (AU)

Neurofibromatosis is an autosomical disease. The pulmonary affectation includes dyspnoea, cough, chest pain and ocasionally the patients are asymptomatic. The radiological findings consist at bullae, emphysema, ground-glasses abnormality and reticular affectation. At functional respiratory test the main characteristic is a disminution of difusion capacity. We present a case of Neurofibromatosis with pulmonary disease (AU)