Establishment of a novel co-cultured liver cancer model based on tumor microenvironment / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To construct a new co-cultured liver cancer research model composed of activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSC) and liver cancer cells, explore the efficacy difference between it and traditional model, so as to establish a liver cancer research model in vitro and in vivo that can reflect the real clinical efficacy. Methods: A new co-culture model of liver cancer consisting of aHSC and liver cancer cells was constructed. The differences in efficacy between the new co-culture model and the traditional single cell model were compared by cytotoxicity test, cell migration test, drug retention test and in vivo tumor inhibition test. Western blot was used to detect the drug-resistant protein P-gp and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins. Masson staining was used to observe the deposition of collagen fibers in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice. CD31 immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the microvessel density in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice. Results: The cytotoxicity of single cell model and co-culture model was dose-dependent. With the increase of curcumin (CUR) concentration, the cell viability decreased, but the cell viability of single cell model decreased faster than that of co-culture model. When the concentration of CUR was 10 μg/ml, the cell viability of the co-culture model was 62.3% and the migration rate was (28.05±3.68)%, which were higher than those of the single cell model [38.5% and (14.91±5.92)%, both P<0.05]. Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of P-gp and vimentin were up-regulated in the co-culture model, which were 1.55 and 2.04 fold changes of the single cell model, respectively. The expression of E-cadherin was down-regulated, and the expression level of E-cadherin in the single cell model was 1.17 fold changes of the co-culture model. Drug retention experiment showed that the co-culture model could promote drug efflux and reduce drug retention. In vivo tumor inhibition experiment showed that the m-HSC+ H22 co-transplantation model had faster tumor growth and larger tumor volume than those of the H22 single cell transplantation model. After CUR treatment, the tumor growths of m-HSC+ H22 co-transplantation model and H22 single cell transplantation model were inhibited. Masson staining showed that the deposition of collagen fibers in tumor tissues of m-HSC+ H22 co-transplantation model mice was more than that of H22 single cell transplantation model. CD31 immunohistochemical staining showed that the microvessel density in tumor tissue of m-HSC+ H22 co-transplantation model was higher than that of H22 single cell transplantation model. Conclusions: The aHSC+ liver cancer cell co-culture model has strong proliferation and metastasis ability and is easy to be resistant to drugs. It is a new type of liver cancer treatment research model superior to the traditional single cell model.

Safety and efficacy of pulse-induced contour cardiac output monitoring in elderly patients with coronary artery disease and severe heart failure at coronary care units.

Background: The optimal treatment for elderly patients with severe heart failure depends on the accurate assessment of their hemodynamic status. Due to its less invasive nature, the safety and efficacy of invasive pulse-induced contour cardiac output (PiCCO)-based hemodynamic monitoring remains uncertain. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Between January 2016 and July 2020, 190 elderly patients with severe heart failure were consecutively enrolled. The PiCCO group (89 patients) and non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring group (101 patients) were observed. Hospital stays results were evaluated. Results: No significant difference in clinical data (P > 0.05) or the incidence of 1-month mortality (16.0 vs. 35.0%, P = 0.141) were observed between groups. The coronary care unit (CCU) stay was shorter in the PiCCO group than in the non-invasive group (40.0 vs. 43.0%, P = 0.049). Indicators such as low Extravascular Lung Water Index (EVLWI), high Body Mass Index (BMI), low Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP), and high Left Ventricular Ejection Time (LVET), were associated with favorable clinical results. Conclusion: Early invasive PiCCO monitoring is safe in critically ill elderly patients with severe heart failure. The hospital stay was reduced using PiCCO monitoring. These encouraging PiCCO results favor its use in elderly patients with severe heart failure at CCUs.

Pt1 enhanced C-H activation synergistic with Ptn catalysis for glycerol cascade oxidation to glyceric acid.

The selective oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid, an important value-added reaction from polyols, is a typical cascade catalytic process. It is still of great challenge to simultaneously achieve high glycerol activity and glyceric acid selectivity, suffering from either deep oxidation and C-C cleavage or poor oxidation efficiency from glyceraldehyde to glyceric acid. Herein, this work, inspired by nature, proposes a cascade synergistic catalysis strategy by atomic and low-coordinated cluster Pt on well-defined Cu-CuZrOx, which involves enhanced C-H activation on atomic Pt1 and O-H activation on cluster Ptn in the oxidation of glycerol to glyceraldehyde, and cluster Ptn for C=O activation followed by O-H insertion and atomic Pt1 for C-H activation in the tandem oxidation of glyceraldehyde to glyceric acid. The enhanced C-H activation in the cascade process by atomic Pt1 is revealed to be essential for the high glycerol activity (90.0±0.1%) and the glyceric acid selectivity (80.2±0.2%).

[Structural Chinese medicine: new research field on pharmacodynamic substance basis of traditional Chinese medicine].

The research on the pharmacodynamic substance basis of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a key scientific issue for the inheritance and development of TCM. At present, a large number of remarkable achievements have been made in the field of chemical components in Chinese medicine, however, another important aspect, namely the physical structure and mode of action of the multi-component assembly of TCM, has not been clearly understood and deeply studied. From the bottleneck of restricting material ba-sic research, we objectively analyzed the common cause of the existing problems. Based on the new discoveries and advances of active substances from TCM emerging in recent years, we extracted and summarized the concept of structural Chinese medicine, elaborated the basic ideas, main features and research modes, hoping to provide theoretical and practical references for the study on the pharmacodynamic substance basis and other research fields of TCM.

Progress on application of central composite design-response surface methodology in optimization of preparations in China / 药学学报

Central composite design (CCD) is one of the most commonly used design methods in response surface optimization and has been widely applied in the field of pharmaceutics to optimize preparations. On the 20th anniversary of the introduction of CCD into China, the paper reviews its application in domestic pharmaceutical researches. Based on the brief introduction of basic principle and operation steps of CCD, the mistakes emerging in the application of CCD are summarized, including conceptual confusion with Box-Behnken design and face-centered CCD as well as wrong designs. Besides, the issues concerning the selection of factors and responses are discussed. The article is helpful for researchers to comprehensively understand the CCD and facilitates the rational application of this method.

Application of natural deep eutectic solvents in pharmaceutics / 药学学报

Natural deep eutectic solvent (NDES) is a kind of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) which is composed of natural substances with good biocompatibility. Those substances can function as hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, such as choline, amino acids, sugars, etc. NDES have been widely used in many fields due to their advantages of low cost, easy preparation and environmental friendliness. It is especially suitable for the pharmaceutical industry because of its good biocompatibility and safety for use. In this paper, we firstly review the molecular simulation methods for current design of DESs from the formation principle. And then, the materials and preparation of NDES are reviewed and the physicochemical properties are further described. Finally, we review the current application of NDES in pharmaceutics including increasing drug solubility, promoting drug permeability and enhancing oral drug absorption, and meanwhile their future applications in pharmaceutics were also prospected.

Effects of Virtual Reality on Balance for Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) on comprehensive balance for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods:The databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, VIP, Wanfang Data and CNKI were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials about VR intervention for PD patients, from establishment to November, 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the literature, and then used Review Manager 5.3 software for meta-analysis. Results:A total of 24 documents were included. Compared with the control group, VR intervention might improve the static balance (SMD = -0.49, 95%CI -0.64 to -0.35, P < 0.001) of PD patients. Simple VR intervention might improve the Berg Balance Scale score (SMD = 0.83, 95%CI 0.43 to 1.23, P < 0.001) for PD patients, while combination of VR intervention might improve the Berg Balance Scale score (SMD = 0.75, 95%CI 0.53 to 0.96, P < 0.001) and Timed 'Up and Go' Test time (SMD = -0.87, 95%CI -1.52 to -0.22, P = 0.008) for PD patients; however, simple VR intervention might do little in improving Timed 'Up and Go' Test time (SMD = -0.36, 95%CI -0.74 to 0.03, P = 0.07). Conclusions:VR can improve the comprehensive balance for PD patients, especially combine with conventional or balance training.

A combination of receptor mediated transcytosis and photothermal effect promotes BBB permeability and the treatment of meningitis using itraconazole.

Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) may lead to life-threatening meningitis. Itraconazole (ITZ) is an effective antifungal agent that can be used to treat various fungal infections; however, its poor solubility along with poor permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents it from treating meningitis. Receptor mediated transcytosis (RMT) shows modest efficacy in BBB crossing, while affinity and saturability of interactions between ligands and receptors account for the limited efficacy of RMT in crossing the BBB. Mild hyperthermia could temporarily disrupt the BBB to increase its permeability. Therefore, we speculated that the combination of mild hyperthermia with RMT could potentially increase BBB permeability of ITZ leading to improved efficacy in fungal meningitis. Here, we have constructed for the first time, apolipoprotein E (Apo E) mimicked peptide COG1410 modified polydopamine (PDA)-coated bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (ApoE-PDA@ITZ-NPs). Different levels of COG1410-modified NPs were prepared and characterized. ApoE-PDA@ITZ-NPs have a superior photothermal effect under 808 nm light irradiation and exhibited favorable plasma stability and photothermal stability. Moreover, the cellular uptake of nanoparticles increased with an increase in COG1410. H-ApoE-PDA@ITZ-NPs increased cellular uptake and in vitro BBB permeability by 4.2-fold and 4.8-fold, respectively, compared to the ITZ-NPs. Live imaging implied that H-ApoE-PDA@ITZ-NPs could significantly increase the distribution of ITZ in the brain under 808 nm light irradiation. Histopathological analysis of periodic acid-Schiff-stained brain sections of the H-ApoE-PDA@ITZ-NP treated C. albicans meningitis model indicated that H-ApoE-PDA@ITZ-NPs showed superior antifungal activity after 808 nm light irradiation. Hence, we report ApoE-PDA@ITZ-NPs in tandem with 808 nm irradiation as a novel strategy of RMT combination with a photothermal effect in enhancing BBB permeability to facilitate drug accumulation in the brain region and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ITZ in meningitis.

The heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana of a chrysanthemum gene encoding the BBX family transcription factor CmBBX13 delays flowering.

Members of the B Box (BBX) family of proteins are known to be important for directing the growth and development of the Arabidopsis thaliana plant. Here, an analysis of a newly isolated chrysanthemum gene encoding a BBX family member implied that it was a likely ortholog of AtBBX13. The gene (designated CmBBX13) was most actively transcribed in the leaves and stem apex. CmBBX13 transcription was arrhythmic under either continuous darkness or continuous light, so the observed diurnal variation in its transcription appeared not to respond to the circadian clock. The outcome of transiently expressing CmBBX13 in onion epidermal cells suggested that the CmBBX13 protein localized to the nucleus. Both a yeast- and a protoplast-based assay showed that the protein has transactivational activity. When CmBBX13 was constitutively expressed in A. thaliana, flowering was delayed under both short and long day conditions. The presence of the transgene also down-regulated a number of genes known to promote flowering, including APETALA1 (AP1), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and FD, while simultaneously up-regulating the floral inhibitor-encoding genes FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and TARGET OF EAT 2 (TOE2). The data suggested that CmBBX13 regulates flowering time independently of the photoperiod pathway.

The heterologous expression of CmBBX22 delays leaf senescence and improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.

KEY MESSAGE: CmBBX22, a transcription factor of chrysanthemum, was verified to confer drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The BBX proteins are known to operate as regulators of plant growth and development, but as yet their contribution to the abiotic stress response has not been well defined. Here, the chrysanthemum BBX family member CmBBX22, an ortholog of AtBBX22, was found to be transcribed throughout the plant, although at varying intensity, and was induced by imposing moisture deficiency via exposure to polyethylene glycol. The heterologous, constitutive expression of this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana compromised germination and seedling growth, but enhanced the plants' ability to tolerate drought stress. In transgenic plants challenged with abscisic acid, leaf senescence was delayed and the senescence-associated genes and chlorophyll catabolic genes SAG29, NYE1, NYE2 and NYC1 were down-regulated. We speculated that CmBBX22 may serves as a regulator in mediating drought stress tolerance and delaying leaf senescence.

In vivo fate study of drug nanocarriers: the applications of environment-responsive fluorescent dyes / 药学学报

The in vivo fate is a crucial factor that governs the successful translation of nanoformulations. However, one of the current biggest challenges is with the real-time monitoring of the body of the nanoparticles themselves. Conventional radioactive or fluorescent probes give signals even after they are disassociated from the particle matrix, generating interference to bioimaging and leading to misjudgment of results. Environment-responsive fluorescent dyes are regarded as promising tools due to signal switching in response to the changes in the environment. Currently, there are three categories of dyes in bioimaging of nanoparticles based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). They have similar characteristics that strong fluorescence is emitted when they are embedded in the matrix of nanocarriers, whereas the fluorescence quenches upon release from the matrix due to dissociation of nanocarriers. The fluorescence switching reflects the existing status of the nanocarriers and therefore helps to interpret the in vivo behaviors. FRET and AIE probes have been widely used in elucidating the interactions between nanoparticles and cell models. However, they show intrinsic defects in studying in vivo fate of nanoparticles. ACQ-based dyes are sensitive to water, a universal factor in the biological environment. Therefore, with the help of bioimaging equipment, the in vivo trafficking process of nanoparticles can be unraveled. This review article tends to provide an overview on the rationale, pros and cons and applications of the three categories of environment-responsive fluorescent dyes in the investigation of the in vivo fate of nanocarriers.

Influence of different dose of atorvastatin on blood pressure ,blood lipids and vascular endothelial func‐tion in hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore influence of different dose of atorvastatin on blood pressure ,blood lipids and vascular en‐dothelial function in hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia .Methods :A total of 100 hypertensive patients with hyper‐lipidemia treated in our department of cardiology from Jan to Oct 2017 were randomly and equally divided into atorvastatin low dose group (atorvastatin 10mg／d) and high dose group (atorvastatin 20mg／d) ,both groups simultaneously received rou‐tine treatment for eight weeks .Another 50 healthy volunteers undergoing physical examination in our hospital were selected as healthy control group .Levels of blood pressure ,von Willebrand factor (vWF) etc.were measured and compared among three groups .Results :Compared with low dose group after eight‐week treatment ,there were significant reductions in levels of SBP [(147.33 ± 11.37) mmHg vs.(140.51 ± 10.85) mmHg] ,DBP [(96.35 ± 7.38) mmHg vs.(92.56 ± 6.83) mm‐Hg] ,TG [ (2.38 ± 0.59) mmol／L vs.(1.55 ± 0.46) mmol／L] ,TC [ (6.48 ± 0.58) mmol／L vs.(5.38 ± 0.52) mmol／L] ,LDL‐C [ (4.24 ± 0.41) mmol ／L vs.(3.26 ± 0.42) mmol／L] ,hsCRP [ (6.38 ± 1.53) mg／L vs.(5.05 ± 1.38) mg／L] , ET‐1 [ (80.78 ± 18.54) pg／ml比(73.22 ± 10.98) pg／ml] and significant rise in HDL‐C level [ (1.13 ± 0.27) mmol／L vs.(1.29 ± 0.25) mmol／L] in high dose group , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. Conclusion :Different doses of atorvastatin possesses different therapeutic effect on hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia .Therapeutic effects lowering blood pres‐sure and blood lipids ,improving vascular endothelial function and reducing levels of inflammatory factors of 20mg atorvas‐tatin is significantly better than those of 10mg atorvastatin ,which is worth extending.

Advances in etiological study of non-arterial inflammatory ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION) / 中华全科医师杂志

Non-arterial Inflammatory ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)is a common ocular disease in middle and old ages.Symptoms of optic nerve dysfunction in NAION are caused by cerebral ischemia,which leads to optic atrophy.Recent studies have focused on the early interventions targeting NAION′s risk factors to protect the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells.This article reviews recent progress in studies on the etiology and risk factors of NAION and potential therapies that may help to preserve optic nerve function in NAION.

Comparison of diagnostic value of 1.5T nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and multi-slice spiral CT for subacromial impingement syndrome / 中国医学装备

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) for subacromial impingement syndrome(SIS).Methods: The clinical data of 60 patients with SIS were researched by using retrospective analysis. All of patients were detected by using MRI and CT, respectively. And the diagnosis value of the two methods were compared.Results: The differences of sensitivity and Youden index between MRI and MSCT were significant, respectively (x2=12.987,x2=12.987,P<0.05), and the diagnostic sensitivity of MRI was higher than that of MSCT. While the diagnostic specificities of the two method were 100％. The differences of detectable rate for Bigliani I and Bigliani II between MRI and MSCT were no significant (x2=2.492,x2=2.031, P>0.05), respectively. The detectable rate of MRI for Bigliani III was significantly higher than that of MSCT (x2=9.087, P<0.05).Conclusion: The diagnostic sensitivity of MRI for SIS is higher than that of MSCT, and the main reason is that MRI has higher resolution ratio for soft tissue. Besides, it has no radiation. Therefore, it is appropriate to the diagnosis of SIS.

Flexible Proton-Gated Oxide Synaptic Transistors on Si Membrane.

Ion-conducting materials have received considerable attention for their applications in fuel cells, electrochemical devices, and sensors. Here, flexible indium zinc oxide (InZnO) synaptic transistors with multiple presynaptic inputs gated by proton-conducting phosphorosilicate glass-based electrolyte films are fabricated on ultrathin Si membranes. Transient characteristics of the proton gated InZnO synaptic transistors are investigated, indicating stable proton-gating behaviors. Short-term synaptic plasticities are mimicked on the proposed proton-gated synaptic transistors. Furthermore, synaptic integration regulations are mimicked on the proposed synaptic transistor networks. Spiking logic modulations are realized based on the transition between superlinear and sublinear synaptic integration. The multigates coupled flexible proton-gated oxide synaptic transistors may be interesting for neuroinspired platforms with sophisticated spatiotemporal information processing.

Synthesis of Novel Hapten and Development of Monoclonal Antibody-based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Malachite Green in Fish Samples / 分析化学

To produce specific antibodies against malachite green ( MG) , one special hapten was synthesized and characterized, and conjugated to carrier protein as immunogen. The immunogen showed excellent reactogenicity and immunogenicity. One specific monoclonal antibody (mAb, named MG-DA4-C7) with high sensitivity and specificity for MG in indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay ( icELISA ) was screened. The isotype was IgG1 and the light chain was κ type. After optimization of ELISA conditions, the proposed icELISA showed a 50% inhibition value ( IC50 ) of 0. 96 μg/L, a linear range ( IC20-IC80 ) of 0. 1-8. 1 μg/L and a limit of detection ( LOD, IC10 ) of 0. 05 μg/L for determination of MG. The assay showed cross-reactivity of 18. 1%, 26. 5% with crystal violet and brilliant green, respectively, and negligible cross-reactivity with other metabolites of MG (<0 . 1%) . The average recoveries of MG from spiked fish samples were from 87. 3% to 107. 3%. Good correlation (R2=0. 999) was obtained between the results of icELISA and those of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The proposed icELISA is suitable for the determination of MG in fish samples in a simple and sensitive manner.

[Recent development of natural and reconstituted lipoprotein based nano drug delivery vehicles].

Lipoproteins are biological lipids carriers. The natural and reconstituted lipoprotein based drug delivery systems have been extensively developed in recent years. This article reviews the development of natural and reconstituted low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein based vehicles in the antitumor area.

Correlation of bilirubin at the time of admission and the composite outcome in acute ischemic stroke dis?charged patient / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To explore the association of serum bilirubin level at the time of admission with the compos?ite outcome（disability or death）in discharged patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods In a retrospective cohortstudy from June 1st 2009 to May 31st 2012, we continuously included 3151 patients with acute ischemic stroke and col?lected demography,lifestyle,clinical manifestations and laboratory test data. Functional outcome was measured with themodified Rankin scale (mRS) when subjects were discharged. Disability was defined as mRS≥3 and composite outcomewas defined as mRS≥3 or death. Serum bilirubin was divided into four groups according to the quartile. Multiple Coxregression analysis was used to assess the independent relation between serum bilirubin and disability death and the com?posite outcome. Results There were 407 disabled patients，the disability rate was 12.9%；and 104 patients were dead，the fatality rate was 3.3%.After adjusting for multiple factors, we found the risks of composite outcome with total bilirubin in the four quartile were higher than that in the first quartile, aHR and 95%CI were 1.335(1.047～1.702) respectively；The risks of composite outcome with indirect bilirubin in the four quartile were higher than that in the first quartile, aHR and 95%CI were 1.355(1.062～1.728) respectively; The risks of composite outcome with bilirubin direct in the third and the forth quartile were higher than that in the first quartile, aHR and 95% CI were11.403(1.089～1.807)and 1.431 (1.118～1.833) respectively.With the increase of total bilirubin，indirect bilirubin and direct bilirubin level，the compos?ite outcome of discharged patient was on the increase. Conclusions The study indicated that higher serum bilirubincould increase the risk of composite outcome in ischemic stroke patients, there was dose-response relationship ,and bili?rubin was a independent risk factor.

Mesenchymal stem cells release membrane microparticles in the process of apoptosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

Though mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been clinically used to repair a variety of damaged tissues, the underlying mechanisms remain elusively as the majority of the ex vivo expanded MSC die shortly after transplantation. To explore the mechanism in which the death cells play tissue repair effect, apoptosis of rat bone marrow MSC was induced by culturing cells in the conditions of hypoxia or/and serum-free medium, and the subcellular structures in the supernatants were analyzed. The results showed that apoptosis occurred in the presence of either hypoxia or serum-free condition as well, and the apoptotic proportion reached up to (17.44 ± 2.15) after the cells were treated by hypoxia plus serum free culture for 72 hours. The flow cytometric analysis of the sub-cellular substances harvested by ultracentrifugation of the supernatants found that the MSC released substantial amount of membrane microparticles into the supernatants, which expressed CD29, CD44A and Annexin-V-binding phosphatidylserine. It is concluded that the MSC can release membrane microparticles after induction, the amount of these membrane microparticles was around 15-fold of the parent cell numbers. The membrane microparticles is the mediators in the cross-talk between the transplanted cells and their surrounding tissues. This study provides some novel information for the mechanisms of MSC therapy.

Solidified mPEG-PDLLA micelles as a novel oral delivery system of indomethacin.

In this study, indomethacin (IND) loaded solidified-polymeric micelles (IND-SPM) were prepared. Their in vitro characteristics were investigated. Methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) poly(D, L-lactide) copolymer (mPEG-PDLLA) was used as IND carrier. The preparation of IND-SPM was conducted by solution-absorption method and evaporation by rotary evaporator. Polyplasdone XL-10 was used as adsorbent. The solution-absorption method was conducted by the following procedure; IND and mPEG-PDLLA were dissolved in acetone, followed by addition of polyplasdone XL-10 and stirred to obtain a suspension. The powder of IND-SPM was simply obtained after the organic solvent was completely evaporated. More than 90% (w/w) of IND (20 mg) in the powder was dissolved in 250 mL PBS within 30 min. DSC, 1H NMR and SEM results proved that IND was encapsulated within mPEG-PDLLA. The solubility of IND in the system increased 4.6 times with the highest amount of copolymer. The solidified particles were found to be suitable for the formulation of tablets or capsules.