Retrospective Analysis of Steady-State Sodium Valproate Plasma Concentrations in Chinese Patients With Bipolar Disorder: Impact of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics.

BACKGROUND: This study comprehensively examined the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing valproic acid therapy and explored their potential impact on plasma valproic acid concentrations. All enrolled patients were administered the extended-release formulation. An in-depth investigation of factors, including dose, age, sex, body mass index, co-administered medications, and laboratory test findings, was conducted to evaluate their potential influence on study outcomes. METHODS: In total, 164 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The patient age ranged from 13 to 60 years, with a median age of 25.71 years. Most patients (89%) received a daily dose of 1 g valproic acid. Co-administered psychiatric medications included aripiprazole, quetiapine, and lorazepam. Laboratory test results, such as hemoglobin and transaminase levels, were also collected as part of the study. RESULTS: The average plasma valproic acid plasma concentration was 79.8 mg/L. The dose significantly affected valproic acid concentrations, as a higher percentage of measurements exceeded the therapeutic range at a daily dose of 1 g. Furthermore, females exhibited significantly higher valproic acid concentrations compared with males at the same dose (P < 0.05). However, different age groups showed no statistically significant differences in valproic acid concentrations (P > 0.05). The co-administered antipsychotic and antidepressant medications significantly affected valproate concentrations, as reflected in the multiple regression model (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study offers valuable insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing valproic acid therapy. It highlights the influence of dose, sex, and concomitant medications on plasma valproic acid concentrations. Overall, these findings can help guide dose adjustments and implement personalized treatment strategies in valproic acid therapy.

Cuproptosis-related genes are involved in immunodeficiency following ischemic stroke.

Introduction: Accumulating studies have shown that copper has a detrimental effect in cells, and the cuproptosis-related gene signatures have been constructed as clinical tools to predict prognosis in tumors. However, the heterogeneity of cuproptosis has not been fully investigated in ischemic stroke.Methods: Here, we combined the bulk RNA-seq and single cell-RNA-seq data for stroke to investigate the role of cuproptosis in stroke. Results: We identified the cuproptosis-related differentially expressed genes (CuDEGs) in ischemic stroke. Then, we tried to find the hub genes with the machine learning method and WGCNA. We highlighted four genes identified by these methods and proposed a potential diagnostic model in ischemic stroke. Conclusions: Our findings revealed cuproptosis-related hub genes, which could provide useful biomarkers in ischemic stroke.

Artificial LiF-Rich Interface Enabled by In situ Electrochemical Fluorination for Stable Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Lithium (Li)-metal batteries are promising next-generation energy storage systems. One drawback of uncontrollable electrolyte degradation is the ability to form a fragile and nonuniform solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this study, we propose the use of a fluorinated carbon nanotube (CNT) macrofilm (CMF) on Li metal as a hybrid anode, which can regulate the redox state at the anode/electrolyte interface. Due to the favorable reaction energy between the plated Li and fluorinated CNTs, the metal can be fluorinated directly to a LiF-rich SEI during the charging process, leading to a high Young's modulus (~2.0 GPa) and fast ionic transfer (~2.59×10-7  S cm-1 ). The obtained SEI can guide the homogeneous plating/stripping of Li during electrochemical processes while suppressing dendrite growth. In particular, the hybrid of endowed full cells with substantially enhanced cyclability allows for high capacity retention (~99.3 %) and remarkable rate capacity. This work can extend fluorination technology into a platform to control artificial SEI formation in Li-metal batteries, increasing the stability and long-term performance of the resulting material.

Research progress of needle-free injection technology / 药学学报

Needle-free injection technology (NFIT) refers to the drug delivery systems in which drugs are propelled as high-speed jet streams using any of the pressure source to penetrate the skin to the required depth. NFIT is a promising drug delivery system as it enables the injection of liquids, powders, and depot/projectiles, and has the advantages of preventing needle stick accidents, improving drug bioavailability, eliminating needle-phobia, increasing vaccine immunity, simplifying operations and is convenient for patients to use. NFIT and its research background, the structure and classification of needle-free jet injectors (NFJI), drugs that can be delivered using NFJI and the factors affecting the injection effect are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The limitations and potential development directions are summarized to provide a theoretical basis for the application and development of NFIT.

Effect of type of carrier material on the in vitro properties of solid dispersions of progesterone / 药学学报

This study investigated the effect of different carrier materials on the in vitro properties of progesterone solid dispersions. The solid dispersions of the insoluble drug progesterone were prepared by hot melt extrusion technique using rheological properties as the index of investigation, and the in vitro properties of the solid dispersions were characterized. Scanning electron microscope revealed solid dispersions with rough surfaces and agglomerated microstructures into irregular lumpy particles. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction showed the change of progesterone crystalline form in solid dispersions from crystalline to amorphous state. In vitro dissolution studies showed that solid dispersions prepared with different carrier materials can effectively improve the dissolution rate of drugs. The results of the study showed that the type of carrier material had a significant effect on the in vitro properties of solid dispersions, providing a reference for the study of solid dispersions in the controlled release of insoluble drugs.

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome of Cynanchum wallichii and Cynanchum otophyllum / 药学学报

italic>Cynanchum wallichii and Cynanchum otophyllum belong to the genus Cynanchum in the family Apocynaceae, and are important medicinal plants. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the chloroplast genomes of C. wallichii and C. otophyllum, and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the structural characteristics of their chloroplast genomes and their phylogenetic positions. The results showed that the chloroplast genomes of both C. wallichii and C. otophyllum had a typical tetrad structure, with 133 genes annotated, and the total GC contents of both were similar. Codon preference analysis showed that the relative synonymous codon usage in the chloroplast genomes of C. wallichii and C. otophyllum differed slightly, but the differences were not significant, and there was a strong A or U preference at the third codon position. In both chloroplast genomes, 91 and 103 simple sequence repeats were detected respectively, and the largest proportion of A/T type repeats. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that the nucleotide diversity of the intergenic sequences in the chloroplast genome of genus Cynanchum were generally higher than those of the common gene sequences. A pair of primers was designed based on the high variation region of the chloroplast genome to identify C. wallichii and C. otophyllum. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the C. wallichii and Cynanchum thesioides were the closest relatives, while the C. otophyllum, Cynanchum bungei and Cynanchum wilfordii formed a stable monophyletic clade within the genus Cynanchum, and the three species were closely related. The comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomic characteristics and phylogeny of C. wallichii and C. otophyllum will provide a theoretical basis for the species identification of the two plants and for the study of genetic diversity and phylogeny of the genus Cynanchum.

Expression and distribution of brain⁃derived neurotrophic factor in different cerebrum regions of yak and cattle / 解剖学报

Objective To clarify the expression and distribution of brain⁃derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebrum of plateau yaks and cattle, and to explore the relationship between BDNF function and the adaptability of altitude hypoxia. Methods Five yaks and five cattles were selected.The content and distribution of BDNF in frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebrum white matter and hippocampus of yak and cattle were analyzed by Real⁃time PCR, Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. Results Real⁃time PCR result showed that BDNF mRNA expression in the cerebrum of yaks and cattles was highest in temporal cortex, followed by hippocampus, parietal cortex, occipital cortex and frontal cortex, and lowest in white matter. Western blotting results showed that the content of BDNF protein in the cerebrum of yaks was the highest in temporal cortex,followed by hippocampus. The content of BDNF protein in other tissues was parietal cortex, frontal cortex and cerebrum white matter, and the content of BDNF protein was the lowest in occipital cortex. The content of BDNF protein intlecerebrum of cattles was the highest in the temporal cortex, followed by the hippocampus. The content of BDNF protein in other tissues was parietal cortex, occipital cortex and frontal cortex in descending order, and the protein content in cerebrum white matter was the lowest. Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression of BDNF protein in the cerebrum of yaks and cattles was basically similar, mainly distributed in the granulosa cells and glial cells in the frontal cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex and occipital cortex, glial cells in cerebrum white matter, pyramidal cell layer and polyform cell layer in the hippocampus. There was the small amount of distribution in Martinotti cells and the molecular layer of hippocampus in the cerebral cortex. Conclusion BDNF mRNA and protein are distributed and expressed in different brain regions of yaks and cattles, but the expression level different, which is speculated to be closely related to the specific functions of different cerebrum regions. The expression level of the cerebrum of yak is higher than that of cattle except occipital cortex, suggesting that it is related to the altitude hypoxic environment. BDNF may play an important role in enhancing hypoxic tolerance and protecting internal environmental homeostasis in the process of animal adaptation to hypoxic environment.

Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in pediatric patients with primary IgA nephropathy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To develop a population pharmacokinetic （PPK） model for mycophenolate mofetil active metabolite mycophenolic acid （MPA） in children with primary IgA nephropathy， explore the factors affecting the pharmacokinetic parameters of MPA， and provide a basis for clinical individualized therapy. METHODS Retrospective collection was conducted on 636 concentrations and clinical data from 47 pediatric patients with primary IgA nephropathy. PPK analysis was carried out by using the nonlinear mixed-effects model； the covariates were tested with a stepwise method. Goodness-of-fit plots， Bootstrap and visual predictive check were employed to evaluate the final model. RESULTS The pharmacokinetics of MPA in children with IgA nephropathy in vivo conformed to the first-order absorption and elimination two-compartment model （objective function value of 3 276.31）. Covariate analysis suggested that body weight and albumin （ALB） levels were significant influencing factors on apparent clearance rate and apparent distribution volume. The typical values of PPK parameters of MPA in the final model were as follows： the central room had a distributed volume of 5.79 L， the clearance rate was 4.06 L/h， the volume of peripheral ventricular distribution was 430.93 L， the clearance rate between compartments was 15.40 L/h， the oral absorption rate constant was 1.29 h－1. After verification， most of the predicted corrected observed concentration points were within the 90% confidence interval of the predicted corrected simulated concentration， indicating that the MPA final model had good predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS The PPK model of MPA in children with primary IgA nephropathy is established in this study， identifying body weight and ALB levels are significant factors affecting MPA metabolism.

The effect of long-term moderate exercise on myocardial metabolome in rats.

Regular moderate physical exercise is beneficial for the cardiovascular system. Our prior study has demonstrated a long-term moderate exercise (4-week of 60-min 74.0% V̇O2max treadmill running) is optimal in protecting from exhaustive exercise-induced cardiac ischemic injury. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of long-term moderate exercise on myocardial metabolome in rats. Thirteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into the control group (C) and the long-term moderate exercise group (E). The targeted metabolomics of the myocardium was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) system. Results showed that the metabolites categories of bile acids (BAs), fatty acids (FAs), and phenylpropanoic acids were significantly decreased. The biosynthesis of unsaturated FAs pathway was significantly downregulated. The altered metabolites in the E Group included decreased FAs (pentadecanoic acid, 10Z-heptadecenoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and 10Z-nonadecenoic acid), decreased BAs (chenodeoxycholic acid and beta-muricholic acid), decreased organic acids (glycolic acid and 2-hydroxyglutaric acid), decreased carbohydrate (N-acetylneuraminic acid, Neu5Ac), decreased amino acids (α-aminobutyric acid and norvaline), decreased phenylpropanoic acids (hydroxyphenyllactic acid), and benzoic acids (4-hydroxybenzoic acid and phthalic acid). The results indicated that long-term moderate exercise has promoted lipids utilization in myocardium while exerted little influence on carbohydrate metabolism and diminished many detrimental metabolites. Notably, decrease of myocardial carbohydrate Neu5Ac after long-term moderate exercise might predict a prospective metabolomics biomarker for cardioprotection. This research has displayed the effect of long-term moderate exercise on myocardial metabolomic profiling in rats and indicated some promising metabolites which can be applied for exercise benefits in future.

Explainable machine learning for long-term outcome prediction in two-center stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis.

Objective: Neurological outcome prediction in patients with ischemic stroke is very critical in treatment strategy and post-stroke management. Machine learning techniques with high accuracy are increasingly being developed in the medical field. We studied the application of machine learning models to predict long-term neurological outcomes in patients with after intravenous thrombolysis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed to review all stroke patients with intravenous thrombolysis. Patients with modified Rankin Score (mRs) less than two at three months post-thrombolysis were considered as good outcome. The clinical features between stroke patients with good and with poor outcomes were compared using three different machine learning models (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression) to identify which performed best. Two datasets from the other stroke center were included accordingly for external verification and performed with explainable AI models. Results: Of the 488 patients enrolled in this study, and 374 (76.6%) patients had favorable outcomes. Patients with higher mRs at 3 months had increased systolic pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol (TC), and 7-day National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score compared to those with lower mRs. The predictability and the areas under the curves (AUC) for the random forest model was relatively higher than support vector machine and LR models. These findings were further validated in the external dataset and similar results were obtained. The explainable AI model identified the risk factors as well. Conclusion: Explainable AI model is able to identify NIHSS_Day7 is independently efficient in predicting neurological outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis.

TRPV4 channel is involved in HSV-2 infection in human vaginal epithelial cells through triggering Ca2+ oscillation.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection induces a rapid and transient increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), which plays a critical role in facilitating viral entry. T-type calcium channel blockers and EGTA, a chelate of extracellular Ca2+, suppress HSV-2 infection. But the cellular mechanisms mediating HSV infection-activated Ca2+ signaling have not been completely defined. In this study we investigated whether the TRPV4 channel was involved in HSV-2 infection in human vaginal epithelial cells. We showed that the TRPV4 channel was expressed in human vaginal epithelial cells (VK2/E6E7). Using distinct pharmacological tools, we demonstrated that activation of the TRPV4 channel induced Ca2+ influx, and the TRPV4 channel worked as a Ca2+-permeable channel in VK2/E6E7 cells. We detected a direct interaction between the TRPV4 channel protein and HSV-2 glycoprotein D in the plasma membrane of VK2/E6E7 cells and the vaginal tissues of HSV-2-infected mice as well as in phallic biopsies from genital herpes patients. Pretreatment with specific TRPV4 channel inhibitors, GSK2193874 (1-4 µM) and HC067047 (100 nM), or gene silence of the TRPV4 channel not only suppressed HSV-2 infectivity but also reduced HSV-2-induced cytokine and chemokine generation in VK2/E6E7 cells by blocking Ca2+ influx through TRPV4 channel. These results reveal that the TRPV4 channel works as a Ca2+-permeable channel to facilitate HSV-2 infection in host epithelial cells and suggest that the design and development of novel TRPV4 channel inhibitors may help to treat HSV-2 infections.

Binder jet 3D printing composite bilayer tablet of extended-release printing technology in the study / 药学学报

Based on the dual needs of analgesia and anti-inflammation in trauma treatment, this study uses acetaminophen and moxifloxacin hydrochloride as active pharmaceutical ingredients and develops a composite bilayer tablet with a dual-phase drug release system by using binder jet 3D printing technology. Due to the complexity of the 3D printing process, there is an interaction between the various parameters. Through the optimization of the process, the relationship between the key process parameters can be determined more intuitively. In this study, the process of extended-release tablets was optimized to maintain the mechanical properties of the tablets while realizing the regulation of release. The full-factor experimental design of three central points 23 was used to analyze the factors that significantly affect the quality attributes of extended-release tablets and the interaction between factors. The optimal extended-release process parameters were obtained by the response optimizer: the inkjet quantity of the printing ink was 10 (about 13.8 pL), the powder thickness was 180 μm, and the running speed was 360 mm·s-1. The in vitro of release of 3D printed composite bilayer tablets showed that the in vitro of release of 3D printed tablets and commercially available tablets conformed to the Ritger-Peppas release model. The results of porosity showed that the immediate-release layer of the preparation has many pores and large pore size, and the dissolution of the immediate release layer within 15 min was greater than 85%. The internal pore size of the extended release layer is large, but it can still release slowly for up to 8 h, the mechanism may be related to the extended release of HPMC gelation. On the basis of verifying the rationality of the design goal of 3D printed composite bilayer tablets, this study also provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of 3D printing complex preparations.

Preparation of 3D printed metoprolol tartrate chewable tablets and optimization of printing process / 药学学报

With the growing demand of personalized medicine for children, it is especially important to develop medicines for children. In this study, using metoprolol tartrate as model drug, we developed 3D printed chewable tablets suitable for children with automated dosage distribution using semi-solid extruded (SSE) 3D printing technology. Based on the quality by design concept, this study prepared a semi-solid material with good printability using gelatin as the substrate, constructed 3D models and printed tablets with the aid of computer-aided design. The printing parameters were optimized and determined as follows: print temperature of 35-37 ℃, print speed of 25 mm·s-1, fill rate of 15%, and number of outer profile layers of 2. Subsequently, the printing process and the quality uniformity of the tablets were verified, and a linear relationship between the dose and the number of model layers was obtained. Finally, 3D printed chewable tablets were superior in terms of appearance, dose accuracy and compliance compared with traditional split-dose commercially available tablets. In this study, 3D printed metoprolol tartrate chewable tablets with good performance were successfully prepared to address the personalized medication needs of pediatric patients.

Advances of development and application amino acid biosensors / 生物工程学报

Amino acids are the basic building blocks of protein that are very important to the nutrition and health of humans and animals, and widely used in feed, food, medicine and daily chemicals. At present, amino acids are mainly produced from renewable raw materials by microbial fermentation, forming one of the important pillar industries of biomanufacturing in China. Amino acid-producing strains are mostly developed through random mutagenesis- and metabolic engineering-enabled strain breeding combined with strain screening. One of the key limitations to further improvement of production level is the lack of efficient, rapid, and accurate strain screening methods. Therefore, the development of high-throughput screening methods for amino acid strains is very important for the mining of key functional elements and the creation and screening of hyper-producing strains. This paper reviews the design of amino acid biosensors and their applications in the high-throughput evolution and screening of functional elements and hyper-producing strains, and the dynamic regulation of metabolic pathways. The challenges of existing amino acid biosensors and strategies for biosensor optimization are discussed. Finally, the importance of developing biosensors for amino acid derivatives is prospected.

Effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on the excitability of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in dorsal and ventral hippocampus in mice / 生理学报

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on electrophysiological characteristics of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) in mice, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the plasticity of hippocampal neurons and memory regulation after PTSD. Male C57Thy1-YFP/GAD67-GFP mice were randomly divided into PTSD group and control group. Unavoidable foot shock (FS) was applied to establish PTSD model. The spatial learning ability was explored by water maze test, and the changes in electrophysiological characteristics of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in dHPC and vHPC were examined using whole-cell recording method. The results showed that FS significantly reduced the movement speed, and enhanced the number and percentage of freezing. PTSD significantly prolonged the escape latency in localization avoidance training, shortened the swimming time in the original quadrant, extended the swimming time in the contralateral quadrant, and increased absolute refractory period, energy barrier and inter-spike interval of glutamatergic neurons in dHPC and GABAergic neurons in vHPC, while decreased absolute refractory period, energy barrier and inter-spike interval of GABAergic neurons in dHPC and glutamatergic neurons in vHPC. These results suggest that PTSD can damage spatial perception of mice, down-regulate the excitability of dHPC and up-regulate the excitability of vHPC, and the underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of spatial memory by the plasticity of neurons in dHPC and vHPC.

Mammalian DMRTs: Structure, function and relationship with cancer / 生理学报

DMRT, a gene family related to sexual determination, encodes a large group of transcription factors (DMRTs) with the double-sex and mab-3 (DM) domain (except for DMRT8), which is able to bind to and regulate DNAs. Current studies have shown that the DMRT gene family plays a critical role in the development of sexual organs (such as gender differentiation, gonadal development, germ cell development, etc.) as well as extrasexual organs (such as musculocartilage development, nervous system development, etc.). Additionally, it has been suggested that DMRTs may be involved in the cancer development and progression (such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc.). This review summarizes the research progress about the mammalian DMRTs' structure, function and its critical role in cancer development, progression and therapy (mainly in human and mice), which suggests that DMRT gene could be a candidate gene in the study of tumor formation and therapeutic strategy.

Expression and localization of neuroglobin in the brain tissue of Saiga antelope / 解剖学报

Objective Saiga antelope is a small population inhabiting in desert and semi desert areas of national and world endangered protected animals, its wild population is extremely rare. In order to explore the correlation between hypoxic tolerance and neuroglobin (NGB) in Saiga antelope. A female Saiga antelope died of dystocia was used as the experimental animal, and the tissue samples were sampled repeatedly for 3 times to study the distribution and expression of NGB in brain of Saiga antelope in the process of adapting to hypoxia. Methods The distribution and expression of NGB in the parietal lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, hypothalamus, hippocampus, pear like leaf, cingulate gyrus, striatum and thalamus of Saiga antelope were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and Real-time PCR. Results The result of IHC showed that NGB was positive in all parts of Saiga antelope brain, and the cells that had positive reactions in the parietal, frontal, temporal and occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex were mostly granular cells and martinotti cells. NGB was found in the granular cell layer, pyramidal cell layer and molecular cell layer in hippocampus, and the positive staining of pyramidal cell layer was the strongest. NGB positive expression in Pear like leaves and hypothalamus mainly occured in multi-type cells. NGB was expressed in the granulocytes and glial cells of cingulate gyrus, mainly in the granular cells. The positive expression of NGB in striatum was mainly located in granular cells, the positive expression of NGB in thalamus could be seen in the polymorphosis and glial cells, and the positive substance of the multi-type cells was obviously colored. The result of Real-time PCR showed that NGB was expressed in different regions of Saiga antelope brain, the highest expression in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, the second in the parietal lobe, and the expression was significantly higher than that in the rest of the brain tissue (P0.05). Conclusion The expression of NGB in different regions of Saiga antelope has some selective differences in the long-term adaptation to hypoxia environment. The frontal and parietal lobes have the highest tolerance to hypoxia, followed by hippocampus, and the striatum is the weakest, which may be related to the specific functions of different regions of brain tissue, but the specific mechanism remains to be further explored.

Research progress of polymer self-healing mechanism and its application in biomedicine / 药学学报

Polymer self-healing is mainly based on the molecular structure and interaction of polymers, and some need external stimulation, such as light, heat, pH, etc. In recent years, many studies have found that the self-healing properties of polymers can prolong the life of materials, while maintaining the mechanical properties of polymers after healing. According to the different action modes of polymer materials, it can be divided into autonomous self-healing and non-autonomous self-healing. Among them, autonomous self-healing mainly works through reversible covalent bonds (Schiff base bond, Diels-Alder reaction, hydrazide bond), reversible non-covalent bonds (hydrogen bond, metal-ligand coordination bond, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking interaction, hydrophobic interaction) and a combination of the two interactions. Drug carriers with unique self-healing properties play an important role in the encapsulation and stable release of biomacromolecules. In this review, the self-healing mechanism of polymers and their applications in the field of biomedicine were briefly summarized and discussed.

Role of histone posttranslational modifications in the regulation of ovarian function / 生理学报

The ovary is the reproductive organ of female mammals, which is responsible for producing mature eggs and secreting sex hormones. The regulation of ovarian function involves the ordered activation and repression of genes related to cell growth and differentiation. In recent years, it has been found that histone posttranslational modification can affect DNA replication, damage repair and gene transcriptional activity. Some regulatory enzymes mediating histone modification are co-activators or co-inhibitors associated with transcription factors, which play important roles in the regulation of ovarian function and the development of ovary-related diseases. Therefore, this review outlines the dynamic patterns of common histone modifications (mainly acetylation and methylation) during the reproductive cycle and their regulation of gene expression for important molecular events, focusing on the mechanisms of follicle development and sex hormone secretion and function. For example, the specific dynamics of histone acetylation are important for the arrest and resumption of meiosis in oocytes, while histone (especially H3K4) methylation affects the maturation of oocytes by regulating their chromatin transcriptional activity and meiotic progression. Besides, histone acetylation or methylation can also promote the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones before ovulation. Finally, the abnormal histone posttranslational modifications in the development of two common ovarian diseases (premature ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome) are briefly described. It will provide a reference basis for understanding the complex regulation mechanism of ovarian function and further exploring the potential therapeutic targets of related diseases.