Trajetória das políticas de saúde mental na Argentina e no Brasil: por que diferentes padrões de reforma? / The trajectory of Mental Health Policies in Argentina and Brazil: why different reform patterns?

Resumo As reformas psiquiátricas nos países da América Latina são heterogêneas, apesar de ideais e com objetivos comuns. O artigo analisa a trajetória das políticas de saúde mental no Brasil e na Argentina entre 1990 e 2020. Sob um desenho histórico-comparativo, explora fatores político-institucionais que podem explicar diferenças nas políticas estabelecidas nestes países. Os resultados apontam para a importância do papel desenvolvido por empreendedores de mudanças, com movimentos sociais mais coesos no Brasil. A expansão de regras e serviços comunitários ocorreu principalmente no contexto político de governos progressistas, embora este não seja um fator suficiente para explicá-la. O federalismo não se mostrou um obstáculo a tais políticas, porém na Argentina, a produção legislativa nacional tem sofrido mais constrangimentos do que no caso brasileiro. A reforma psiquiátrica ainda é um processo em disputa nos dois países.

Abstract Psychiatric reforms in Latin American countries are heterogeneous, although common ideals and objectives. The article analyzes the trajectory of mental health policies in Brazil and Argentina between 1990 and 2020. Under a historical-comparative design, explores political-institutional factors that may explain differences in policies established in these countries. The results point to the importance of the role developed by entrepreneurs of change, with social movements more cohesive in Brazil. The expansion of community rules and services took place especially in the political context of progressive governments, although this is not a sufficient factor to explain it. Federalism has not proved to be an obstacle to this. policies, but in Argentina, national legislative production has suffered more constraints than in the Brazilian case. Psychiatric reform is still a process in dispute in both countries.

The effect of tooth bleaching using violet LED (405-410 nm) on the properties of resin-based composites.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bleaching techniques, including or not the use of violet light (405-410 nm), on resin-based composites' color, surface roughness, nanohardness, and elastic modulus. METHODS: Ninety-six disk-shaped specimens (12 mm x 2 mm; n = 12) were prepared using Filtek Z350 XT (Z350) and IPS Empress Direct (ED) resin-based composites. After 24 h, specimens were stained in red wine for 28 days. After staining, specimens were divided into four experimental groups: 40 % Hydrogen Peroxide (HP); Violet Light (VL); 40 % Hydrogen Peroxide associated with Violet Light (HP+VL), and a control group - no treatment (NT). Specimens were evaluated at six experimental times: initial (24 h after light curing); after staining and after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th bleaching sessions regarding the color change (ΔE00, L*, a*, b*, and WID); roughness (Ra), nanohardness and elastic modulus (GPa). Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was performed (α=0.05 %). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between staining and the 1st bleaching session for all ED groups (p<0.05). After the last bleaching session, there were no differences between the experimental and the control groups of both resin-based composites. Bleaching using violet light did not change the roughness, nanohardness and elastic modulus of the tested resin-based composites (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although hydrogen peroxide and violet light remove pigments from resin-based composites without affecting their surface roughness, nanohardness, and elastic modulus, the color change was similar to the one obtained by immersion in distilled water.

Is oral health literacy associated with conceptions of care and behavior related to the prevention of COVID-19?

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of oral health literacy (OHL) on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19. The sample came from two preliminary cross-sectional studies that determined the level of OHL of parents/guardians of six-to-12-year-old children in two major Brazilian cities (Curitiba and Belo Horizonte). Functional OHL was measured using the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) and the Health Literacy Dental Scale (HeLD-14) for the evaluation of interactive OHL. Participants were recruited through e-mail, social media, and telephone contact. The questionnaire on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19 was created based on the guidelines of the World Health Organization. Two hundred nineteen individuals participated in the study. There was no significant difference in socioeconomic and demographic variables and in the medians of BREALD and HeLD-14 between the two cities (P>0.05). Higher levels of functional OHL were associated with an appropriate conception that individual care affects collective care (P=0.038), but with an inappropriate conception of seeking medical assistance in cases of mild symptoms (P=0.030). Higher levels of interactive OHL were related to social distancing behavior in the city of Curitiba (P=0.049) and in the overall sample (P=0.040). It is concluded that functional OHL was associated with two of the investigated conceptions about COVID-19, while interactive OHL was associated with social distancing behavior. These data may suggest that different dimensions of the OHL can have an impact on different aspects of coping with the pandemic.

Fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares entre acadêmicos de enfermagem: estudo transversal / Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among nursing students: a cross-sectional study / Factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en estudiantes de enfermería: un estudio transversal

Objetivo: analisar os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares entre acadêmicos de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 76 acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma universidade pública em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de agosto/2017 a julho/2018, em três etapas: preenchimento de questionário, exame físico e coleta de sangue periférico em jejum para análise bioquímica. Na análise dos dados, utilizaram-se a estatística descritiva e os testes de Kruskall-Wallis e Mann-Whitney, com significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: predominaram o sexo feminino (n=59/77,6%) e a faixa etária de 17 a 20 anos (n=54/71,0%). Prevaleceu o status de normalidade na classificação do índice de massa corporal e nos dados do perfil lipídico, não sendo identificadas alterações significativas da pressão arterial. Todavia, o conjunto dos demais fatores de risco cardiovascular se mostrou relevante. Conclusão: aponta-se a necessidade de pensar em estratégias de promoção da saúde e prevenção do adoecimento na educação superior (AU).

Objective: to analyze risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among nursing students. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out with 76 nursing students from a public university in Belém, Pará, Brazil. Data were collected from August/2017 to July/2018, in three stages: filling out a questionnaire, physical examination and collecting fasting peripheral blood for biochemical analysis. In data analysis, descriptive statistics, and the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used, with a significance of 5% (p<0.05). Results: the female sex predominated (n=59/77.6%) and the age group from 17 to 20 years old (n=54/71.0%). Normality status prevailed in the classification of body mass index and lipid profile data, with no significant changes in blood pressure being identified. However, the set of other cardiovascular risk factors proved to be relevant. Conclusion: there is a need to think about health promotion and disease prevention strategies in higher education (AU).

Objetivo: analizar factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares entre estudiantes de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con 76 estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública en Belém, Pará, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados de agosto/2017 a julio/2018, en tres etapas: llenado de cuestionario, examen físico y recolección de sangre periférica en ayunas para análisis bioquímico. En el análisis de datos se utilizaron estadística descriptiva y las pruebas de Kruskall-Wallis y Mann-Whitney, con una significancia del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino (n=59/77,6%) y el grupo etario de 17 a 20 años (n=54/71,0%). Predominó el estado de normalidad en la clasificación del índice de masa corporal y en los datos del perfil lipídico, no identificándose cambios significativos en la presión arterial. Sin embargo, el conjunto de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular resultó ser relevante. Conclusión: existe la necesidad de pensar estrategias de promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades en la educación superior (AU).

Is oral health literacy associated with conceptions of care and behavior related to the prevention of COVID-19?

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of oral health literacy (OHL) on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19. The sample came from two preliminary cross-sectional studies that determined the level of OHL of parents/guardians of six-to-12-year-old children in two major Brazilian cities (Curitiba and Belo Horizonte). Functional OHL was measured using the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) and the Health Literacy Dental Scale (HeLD-14) for the evaluation of interactive OHL. Participants were recruited through e-mail, social media, and telephone contact. The questionnaire on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19 was created based on the guidelines of the World Health Organization. Two hundred nineteen individuals participated in the study. There was no significant difference in socioeconomic and demographic variables and in the medians of BREALD and HeLD-14 between the two cities (P>0.05). Higher levels of functional OHL were associated with an appropriate conception that individual care affects collective care (P=0.038), but with an inappropriate conception of seeking medical assistance in cases of mild symptoms (P=0.030). Higher levels of interactive OHL were related to social distancing behavior in the city of Curitiba (P=0.049) and in the overall sample (P=0.040). It is concluded that functional OHL was associated with two of the investigated conceptions about COVID-19, while interactive OHL was associated with social distancing behavior. These data may suggest that different dimensions of the OHL can have an impact on different aspects of coping with the pandemic.

Influência da profundidade e de um processo de envelhecimento acelerado em propriedades de resinas bulk fill / Influence of depth and an accelerated aging process on bulk fill resin properties

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de quatro resinas bulk fill (Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Opus Bulk Fill (OBF), Sonicfill (SF) e Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNBF)) e uma resina convencional (Charisma Diamond (CD)) quanto às seguintes propriedades: resistência à flexão (RF), módulo de elasticidade (ME) e dureza Knoop (KHN) em função da profundidade e após a realização de um envelhecimento acelerado. Corpos de prova em formato de barra foram confeccionados simultaneamente em diferentes profundidades (1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 mm) para realização dos testes de resistência à flexão (n=10), módulo de elasticidade (n=10) e dureza Knoop (n=3). Os testes foram realizados em dois momentos, previamente e após a realização de um envelhecimento acelerado, que consistiu na realização de uma termociclagem com banhos alternados em água a 5 e 55ºC, com 1 min de imersão em cada, por 2000 ciclos. Os resultados para o teste de RF e ME mostraram que os valores para estas duas propriedades diminuíram em função da profundidade e após a realização da termociclagem para todas as resinas estudadas. Apenas a resina TNBF não apresentou diferença estatística para valores de ME após o envelhecimento acelerado. Quanto à dureza, os valores também diminuíram em função da profundidade, porém aumentaram após a realização do envelhecimento acelerado. Apenas a resina SF não apresentou diferença estatística entre os valores de dureza antes e após o envelhecimento. A resina convencional CD após a ciclagem térmica foi a única que apresentou relação base/topo (2 mm) acima de 80%. Nenhuma das resinas do tipo bulk fill apresentou uma relação base/topo acima de 80% para a dureza quando avaliadas na espessura máxima recomendada. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que, quando fotoativadas na espessura máxima recomendada, apenas a resina convencional CD apresentou resultados condizentes com a homogeneidade esperada em todas as condições deste estudo. Entretanto, para as resinas do tipo bulk fill, pode-se observar que as propriedades estudadas, de modo geral, sofreram uma diminuição significativa em função da profundidade. Para o envelhecimento, a dureza, diferentemente dos outros parâmetros, mostrou uma tendência de aumento.

PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade CER II: narrativas de um grupo sobre ações cotidianas de trabalho frente às alterações provocadas pela Covid-19 / PET-Health Interprofessionality CER II: group narratives on everyday work activities in front of the changes driven by Covid-19 / PET-Salud Interprofesionalidad CER II: narrativas de un grupo sobre acciones cotidianas de trabajo frente a las alteraciones provocadas por la Covid-19

Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar a experiência de um grupo de estudantes, preceptores e tutoras participantes do Programa Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde - PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, no contexto de pandemia de Covid-19. Foram construídas narrativas coletivas das estudantes, preceptoras e tutoras. As narrativas explicitam as dificuldades pessoais, o sofrimento decorrente do distanciamento social, as mudanças no trabalho e na universidade e a preocupação em ofertar novas formas de cuidado aos usuários. Pôde-se constatar que as atividades on-line exigem muito mais dos atores envolvidos e os conduzem a uma reflexão sobre o fazer interprofissional. Utilizando a narrativa, contamos o que acontece em um contexto de rupturas, como o grupo se fortaleceu e reinventou estratégias de cuidado. Ao narrar as experiências do grupo, que nos tocam, de forma grupal elas tornam-se coletivas e compartilham um modo de vivenciar o mundo.(AU)

This article recounts the experiences of a group of students, preceptors and tutors participating in the Education through Work for Health Program- PET-Health Interprofessionality at the Federal University of Sao Paulo in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. We constructed collective narratives based on the students', preceptors' and tutors' accounts. The narratives reveal personal difficulties, distress caused by social distancing, changes at work and the university, and concern with offering new forms of care to service users. The findings demonstrate that online activities demand much more from the actors involved, prompting them to reflect on interprofessional education. Using narratives, we recount what happens in a context of ruptures and how the group became stronger and reinvented care strategies. By narrating touching group experiences as a group, these experiences become collective and share a way of experiencing the world.(AU)

El objetivo de este artículo es relatar la experiencia de un grupo de estudiantes, preceptores y tutoras participantes del PET-Salud Interprofesionalidad, de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo, en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19. Se construyeron narrativas colectivas de las estudiantes, preceptoras y tutoras. Las narrativas muestran las dificultades personales, el sufrimiento proveniente del distanciamiento social, los cambios en el trabajo y en la universidad y la preocupación de ofrecer nuevas formas de cuidado a los usuarios. Se puede constatar que las actividades on-line exigen mucho más de los actores envueltos y los conduce a una reflexión sobre el quehacer interprofesional. Utilizando la narrativa, contamos lo que sucede en un contexto de rupturas, cómo el grupo se fortaleció y reinventó estrategias de cuidado. Al narrar las experiencias del grupo, que nos son próximas, de forma grupal, ellas se convierten en colectivas y comparten una forma de experimentar el mundo.(AU)

The Key Lnc (RNA)s in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Development, Regeneration, and Disease.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of transcriptional and epigenetic activity in mammalian cells. Comprehensive analysis of these ncRNAs has revealed sophisticated gene regulatory mechanisms which finely tune the proper gene output required for cellular homeostasis, proliferation, and differentiation. However, this elaborate circuitry has also made it vulnerable to perturbations that often result in disease. Among the many types of ncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to have the most diverse mechanisms of action including competitive binding to miRNA targets, direct binding to mRNA, interactions with transcription factors, and facilitation of epigenetic modifications. Moreover, many lncRNAs display tissue-specific expression patterns suggesting an important regulatory role in organogenesis, yet the molecular mechanisms through which these molecules regulate cardiac and skeletal muscle development remains surprisingly limited. Given the structural and metabolic similarities of cardiac and skeletal muscle, it is likely that several lncRNAs expressed in both of these tissues have conserved functions in establishing the striated muscle phenotype. As many aspects of regeneration recapitulate development, understanding the role lncRNAs play in these processes may provide novel insights to improve regenerative therapeutic interventions in cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. This review highlights key lncRNAs that function as regulators of development, regeneration, and disease in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Finally, we highlight lncRNAs encoded by imprinted genes in striated muscle and the contributions of these loci on the regulation of gene expression.

A bioinspired nitrone precursor to a stabilized nitroxide radical.

Nitrones derived from natural antioxidants are emerging as highly specific therapeutics against various human diseases, including stroke, neurodegenerative pathologies, and cancer. However, the development of useful pseudo-natural nitrones requires the judicious choice of a secondary metabolite as the precursor. Betalains are nitrogen-containing natural pigments that exhibit marked antioxidant capacity and pharmacological properties and, hence, are ideal candidates for designing multifunctional nitrones. In this work, we describe the semisynthesis and properties of a biocompatible and antioxidant betalain-nitrone called OxiBeet. This bio-based compound is a better radical scavenger than ascorbic acid, gallic acid, and most non-phenolic antioxidants and undergoes concerted proton-coupled electron transfer. The autoxidation of OxiBeet produces a persistent nitroxide radical, which, herein, is studied via electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that excited state formation is not required for the oxidation of OxiBeet. The results are compared with those obtained using betanin, a natural betalain, and pBeet, the imine analog of OxiBeet. The findings of this study will enable the development of antioxidant and spin-trap nitrones based on the novel N-oxide 1,7-diazaheptamethinium scaffold and betalain dyes with enhanced hydrolytic stability in aqueous alkaline media.

The long noncoding RNA Meg3 regulates myoblast plasticity and muscle regeneration through epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Formation of skeletal muscle is among the most striking examples of cellular plasticity in animal tissue development, and while muscle progenitor cells are reprogrammed by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to migrate during embryonic development, the regulation of EMT in post-natal myogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Meg3 regulates EMT in myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration. Chronic inhibition of Meg3 in C2C12 myoblasts induced EMT, and suppressed cell state transitions required for differentiation. Furthermore, adenoviral Meg3 knockdown compromised muscle regeneration, which was accompanied by abnormal mesenchymal gene expression and interstitial cell proliferation. Transcriptomic and pathway analyses of Meg3-depleted C2C12 myoblasts and injured skeletal muscle revealed a significant dysregulation of EMT-related genes, and identified TGFß as a key upstream regulator. Importantly, inhibition of TGFßR1 and its downstream effectors, and the EMT transcription factor Snai2, restored many aspects of myogenic differentiation in Meg3-depleted myoblasts in vitro We further demonstrate that reduction of Meg3-dependent Ezh2 activity results in epigenetic alterations associated with TGFß activation. Thus, Meg3 regulates myoblast identity to facilitate progression into differentiation.

Identification of suitable adjuvant for vaccine formulation with the Neospora caninum antigen NcSRS2.

The parasite Neospora caninum is the main cause of abortion in cattle in many countries around the world, so a vaccine is a rational approach method for the control of the disease. An effective vaccine should be able to prevent both, the horizontal and vertical transmission of N. caninum. In this study, the immune vaccinal response of the recombinant protein rNcSRS2 of N. caninum expressed in Pichia pastoris and formulated with water-in-oil emulsion, xanthan gum, and alum hydroxide was assessed in an experimental murine model. Groups of 10 Balb/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with two doses of prNcSRS2 twenty-one days apart. After the second immunization, four mice from each group were euthanized, and splenocytes were stimulated ex vivo with recombinant protein. The IgG dynamics were evaluated by indirect ELISA, and the splenocytes cytokines transcription by qPCR. All groups elicited specific antibodies against prNcSRS2, with the water-in-oil group showing significantly (p ≤ .05) elevated titers compared to the other groups. The prNcSRS2 protein alone did not induce a significant ex vivo splenic transcription level of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12 cytokines, except for IL-17A, and the adjuvant associations with the prNcSRS2 protein induced different cytokine transcription profiles. The water-in-oil emulsion modulated the expression of TNF-α; the xanthan gum modulated IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12; and alum hydroxide modulated IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12. In conclusion, it was found that the association of the recombinant prNcSRS2 protein with different adjuvants induced different levels of specific antibody, and a distinct splenic cytokine profile in an adjuvant-dependent manner. The mechanisms of adjuvancity activity is complex, so adjuvant formulation may help in the design of efficient vaccine to control Neosporosis.

Revisiting the Mechanism of Hydrolysis of Betanin.

Betanin (betanidin 5-O-ß-D-glucoside) is a water-soluble plant pigment used as a color additive in food, drugs and cosmetic products. Despite its sensitivity to light and heat, betanin maintains appreciable tinctorial strength in low acidic and neutral conditions, where the color of other plant pigments, such as anthocyanins, quickly fades. However, betanin is an iminium natural product that experiences acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolysis to form the fairly stable betalamic acid and cyclo-DOPA-5-O-ß-D-glucoside. Here, we show that the decomposition of betanin in aqueous phosphate solution pH 2-11 is subject to general base catalysis by hydrogen phosphate ion and intramolecular general acid and base catalysis, providing new insights on the mechanism of betanin hydrolysis. UV/Vis absorption spectrophotometry, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry were used to investigate product formation. Furthermore, theoretical calculations support the hypothesis that the nitrogen atom of the tetrahydropyridine ring of betanin is doubly protonated, as observed for structurally simpler amino dicarboxylic acids. Our results contribute to the study of betanin and other pigments belonging to the class of betalains and to deepen the knowledge on the chemical properties of imino acids as well as on iminium-catalyzed modifications of carbonyl compounds in water.

Evaluation of genipin for stabilization of decellularized porcine cartilage.

We speculate that an acellular osteochondral xenograft may be a good alternative to allografts for repair of focal articular cartilage lesions. In order to make a xenograft resistant to enzymatic degradation and to prevent a chronic immune response it may be beneficial to stabilize it through crosslinking. The concept is analogous to treatment of porcine bioprosthetic heart valves with glutaraldehyde. The purpose of this study was to evaluate genipin, a natural crosslinking agent with low cytotoxicity, for stabilization of decellularized cartilage. Porcine articular cartilage discs were decellularized in SDS and nucleases and then crosslinked in genipin. The utility of genipin was determined from its effects on degree of crosslinking, mechanical properties, dimensional stability, enzymatic resistance, and in vitro biocompatibility. Degree of crosslinking, compressive moduli, and collagenase resistance varied over a wide range depending on genipin concentration. The equilibrium compressive modulus could be increased from approximately 50% to more than 120% that of native cartilage, and the time to complete degradation by collagenase could be extended from less than 12 h to more than 15 days. Radial shrinkage of approximately 4% was observed at a genipin concentration of 0.1% wt/vol, and cartilage coefficient of friction against glass increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Autologous chondrocytes displayed little difference in viability or their ability to attach and spread over the surface of genipin-fixed cartilage compared to non-crosslinked cartilage during 6 weeks of culture. These results indicate that genipin may be efficacious for stabilization of a decellularized porcine osteochondral xenograft. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1949-1957, 2017.

Comparison of natural crosslinking agents for the stabilization of xenogenic articular cartilage.

Osteochondral xenografts are potentially inexpensive, widely available alternatives to fresh allografts. However, antigen removal from xenogenic cartilage may damage the extracellular matrix and reduce compressive stiffness. Non-crosslinked xenogenic cartilage may also undergo rapid enzymatic degradation in vivo. We hypothesized that natural crosslinking agents could be used in place of glutaraldehyde to improve the mechanical properties and enzymatic resistance of decellularized cartilage. This study compared the effects of genipin (GNP), proanthocyanidin (PA), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on the physical and mechanical properties of decellularized porcine cartilage. Glutaraldehyde (GA) served as a positive control. Porcine articular cartilage discs were decellularized in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and DNase I followed by fixation in 0.25% GNP, 0.25% PA, 0.25% EGCG, or 2.5% GA. Decellularization decreased DNA by 15% and GAG by 35%. For natural crosslinkers, the average degree of crosslinking ranged from approximately 50% (EGCG) to 78% (GNP), as compared to 83% for the GA control. Among the natural crosslinkers, only GNP significantly affected the disc diameter, and shrinkage was under 2%. GA fixation had no significant effect on disc diameter. Decellularization decreased aggregate modulus; GA and GNP, but not EGCG and PA, were able to restore it to its original level. GNP, PA, and GA conferred a similar, almost complete resistance to collagenase degradation. EGCG also conferred substantial resistance but to a lesser degree. Overall, the data support our hypothesis and suggest that natural crosslinkers may be suitable alternatives to glutaraldehyde for stabilization of decellularized cartilage. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1037-1046, 2016.

Use of ELISA based on NcSRS2 of Neospora caninum expressed in Pichia pastoris for diagnosing neosporosis in sheep and dogs.

Neosporosis is a disease caused by the protozoon Neospora caninum that leads to significant economic losses in many countries. In the present study, we report on use of the recombinant protein NcSRS2 of N. caninum expressed in Pichia pastoris in an indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) for diagnosing neosporosis infection in sheep and dogs. We observed that the ELISA test yielded specificity of 94.5% and sensitivity of 100% for sheep and specificity of 93.3% and sensitivity of 100% for dogs. We observed that the sensitivity was higher than shown by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and this was confirmed by means of Western blot. The results from this study suggest that the recombinant protein expressed in P. pastoris is a suitable antigen for use in immunodiagnosis to detect N. caninum in two important species exposed to this parasitosis.

Use of ELISA based on NcSRS2 of Neospora caninum expressed in Pichia pastoris for diagnosing neosporosis in sheep and dogs / Utilização de um ELISA baseado em NcSRS2 de Neospora caninum expressa em Pichia pastoris para diagnóstico de neosporose em ovinos e cães

Neosporosis is a disease caused by the protozoon Neospora caninum that leads to significant economic losses in many countries. In the present study, we report on use of the recombinant protein NcSRS2 of N. caninum expressed in Pichia pastoris in an indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) for diagnosing neosporosis infection in sheep and dogs. We observed that the ELISA test yielded specificity of 94.5% and sensitivity of 100% for sheep and specificity of 93.3% and sensitivity of 100% for dogs. We observed that the sensitivity was higher than shown by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and this was confirmed by means of Western blot. The results from this study suggest that the recombinant protein expressed in P. pastoris is a suitable antigen for use in immunodiagnosis to detect N. caninum in two important species exposed to this parasitosis.

A neosporose é uma doença causada pelo protozoário Neospora caninum que leva a perdas econômicas importantes em muitos países. No presente estudo, é descrita a utilização da proteína recombinante NcSRS2 de N. caninum expressa em Pichia pastoris em um ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA) para o diagnóstico de infecção por Neospora em ovelhas e cães. Observou-se, que utilizando-se um ELISA, o teste produziu uma especificidade de 94,5% e uma sensibilidade de 100% para ovinos; e uma especificidade de 93,3% e sensibilidade de 100% para cães. Uma maior sensibilidade foi observada em relação à IFI que foi confirmada por Western blot. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a proteína recombinante expressa em P. pastoris é bom antígeno para ser utilizado no diagnóstico imunológico para detectar N. caninum em duas espécies importantes expostas a esta parasitose.

Expression of Neospora caninum NcSRS2 surface protein in Pichia pastoris and its application for serodiagnosis of Neospora infection.

Neospora caninum is considerd a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. The antigenic domain of NcSRS2 in N. caninum is an important surface antigen present in the membrane of this parasite. In the present study, the Pichia pastoris expression system proved to be a useful tool for the production of recombinant protein. The truncated NcSRS2 gene (by removal of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence), was cloned in the vector pPICZalphaB, and integrated on the genome of the methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Subsequently, the NcSRS2 protein was expressed, purified, and characterized using naturally infected cattle sera and Mab 6xhistag. The recombinant protein NcSRS2 was present in the supernatant of the culture, where later it was concentrated and purified using ammonium sulfate (∼100 mg/ml). An indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) was performed using cattle sera from endemic N. caninum area.

Um estudo exploratório sobre experiências significativas noatendimento ao jovem em conflito com a lei e sua família / An exploratory study about significant care experiences with teenagers inconflict with the law and their families

O artigo se baseia em um levantamento documental de experiências significativasno atendimento aos jovens autores de ato infracional e suas famílias. São analisadas nasdissertações de mestrado e nas teses de doutorado levantadas no mês de agosto de2009, pela base de teses digitais da Biblioteca de Teses e Dissertações Digitais. O objetivodesta pesquisa é o de buscar descrições detalhadas de experiências positivas de aplicaçãoda medida socioeducativa que trazem propostas alternativas aos modelos instituídos eque demonstram viabilidade da implementação do ECA (Estatuto da Criança e doAdolescente). São selecionadas experiências que apontam novos caminhos propostosao jovem em conflito com a lei. Este estudo confirma a possibilidade de aplicação dessasmedidas e a importância de tratar esses adolescentes como seres em desenvolvimento enão apenas como sujeitos que transgridem a lei, propiciando-lhes dessa forma qualificação,capacitação como também diminuição de preconceito a eles relacionados(AU)

The article presents a documented analysis of significant experiences inattendance of young authors of infrational act and their families, described and analyzedin dissertations of masters and doctors degrees made in august 2009 based on digitaltheses from theTheses and Digital Dissertations Library. The objective of the researchwas to describe in details the experience and apply social education measures that couldbring alternative proposals to the role model institution that demonstrated liableimplementation of ECA. We selected experiences showing new ways of treatments appliedto adolescents once in conflict with the law. This study confirms the possibility ofconducting social education and the importance of treating the youngsters on how tobecome a better person, not only seen as transgressions of the law, but giving them achance of qualification and ability, as well as reducing the prejudice agains them(AU)

Hipertireoidismo na gravidez: repercussões materno-fetais / Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy: maternal-fetal outcomes

OBJETIVO: avaliar a experiência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", no acompanhamento de gestantes com hipertireoidismo. MÉTODOS: foram estudadas, retrospectivamente, 60 pacientes, divididas em grupos com hipertireoidismo compensado (GHC=24) e com hipertireoidismo descompensado (GHD=36) e comparadas quanto a características clínico-laboratoriais e intercorrências. Para análise dos resultados, foram utilizados o teste t de Student, as tabelas de contingência, regressão linear múltipla e regressão logística múltipla, com nível de significância de 5,0 por cento. RESULTADOS: propiltiouracil (PTU) foi usado por 94,0 por cento do GHD e 42,0 por cento do GHC (p<0,0001); complicações maternas próximas ao parto ocorreram em 20,6 por cento do GHD e 11,8 por cento do GHC, sendo que o GHD apresentou três óbitos fetais. Influenciaram nestes: idade materna, nível de T4L (nT4L) e dose de PTU (dPTU) mais elevados, no terceiro trimestre (p=0,007); restrição de crescimento intra-uterino, influenciada por nT4L e dPTU do terceiro trimestre, ocorreu em nove casos do GHD e três do GHC, e oligoâmnio ocorreu em 12 pacientes (83,3 por cento do GHD, 16,7 por cento do GHC), influenciado por idade e nT4L do terceiro trimestre (p=0,04); a idade gestacional no parto foi de 34,4±4,6 semanas no GHD e 37,0±2,5 no GHC, influenciada pelo nT4L do terceiro trimestre (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: o GHD apresentou resultados menos satisfatórios que o GHC, influenciados por nT4L e dPTU elevados no terceiro trimestre e por idade mais avançada de algumas gestantes.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the experience of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", in the follow-up of pregnant women with hyperthyroidism. METHODS: Sixty patients, divided in groups with compensated hyperthyroidism (CHG=24) and with uncompensated hyperthyroidism (UHG=36) were retrospectively studied and compared concerning clinical-laboratorial characteristics and intercurrences. The t-Student test, contingency tables, multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression with significance level at 5.0 percent were used. RESULTS: propylthiouracil (PTU) was used by 94.0 percent of UHG and by 42.0 percent of CHG (p<0.0001); maternal complications close to delivery have occurred in 20.6 percent of UHG and in 11.8 percent of CHG, and UHG presented three fetal deaths, influenced by the mother age, higher level of T4L (lT4L) and of PTU dose (PTUd) in the third trimester (p=0.007); restriction of intra-uterine growth, influenced by lT4L and PTUd in the third trimester has occurred in nine UHG and in three CHG cases, and oligoamnios has occurred in 12 patients (83.3 percent of UGH and 16.7 percent of CGH), influenced by age and lT4L in the third trimester (p=0.04); the gestational age at delivery was 34.4±4.6 weeks in UHG and 37.0±2.5 in CHG, influenced by the T4Ll in the third trimester (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the UHG has presented less satisfactory results than CHG, influenced by high lT4L and PTUd in the third trimester, and by more advanced age of some pregnant women.

Oxigenoterapia inalatória em pacientes pediátricos internados em hospital universitário / Oxygen inhalation therapy in children admitted to an university hospital

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso da oxigenoterapia inalatória em crianças internadas em hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de crianças atendidas no Pronto-Socorro Pediátrico do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu e que receberam oxigenoterapia durante a internação, de maio a setembro de 2005. Indicou-se oxigenoterapia se saturação de oxigênio inferior a 90 por cento e frequência respiratória elevada para idade. Crianças em uso crônico de oxigênio ou com necessidade de ventilação mecânica foram excluídas. Foram avaliados: sintomas respiratórios, diagnósticos clínicos, saturação de oxigênio, método e tempo de oxigenoterapia e responsável pela prescrição. RESULTADOS: Foram atendidas 8.709 crianças no pronto-socorro, sendo que 2.769 (32 por cento) apresentaram doenças respiratórias e 97 necessitaram de internação na enfermaria. Destas, 62 (64 por cento) receberam oxigenoterapia. Das 62 crianças, 37 eram do sexo masculino e a idade variou de 2 meses a 14 anos (mediana: 8 meses). A causa de hipóxia foi pneumonia em 52 crianças (84 por cento), asma em cinco, bronquiolite em quatro e traqueomalácia em uma. As prescrições de oxigenoterapia foram feitas por médicos, com monitoração de saturação de oxigênio por oxímetro de pulso. O tempo mediano de administração de O2 foi 6 dias e o cateter nasal foi usado em 94 por cento dos casos, sendo raro o uso de máscaras ou capuz de oxigênio. CONCLUSÕES: A oxigenoterapia inalatória foi mais frequente em crianças com menor idade e em pacientes com pneumonia, sendo sua indicação compatível com critérios internacionais. O uso do cateter nasal mostrou-se seguro, simples, efetivo e de baixo custo.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inalatory oxygen therapy in children admitted to a university hospital. METHODS: Prospective study of children assisted at the Emergency Room of the University Hospital of Botucatu Medical School and submitted to oxygen therapy during hospitalization, from May to September 2005. Criteria for oxygen therapy were oxygen saturation less than 90 percent and high respiratory rate for age. Children in chronic use of oxygen or in need of mechanical ventilation were excluded. The following data were analysed: clinical respiratory symptoms, clinical diagnosis, oxygen saturation, methods, duration and who made the prescription of oxygen therapy. RESULTS: Out of 8,709 children admitted to the emergency room, 2,769 (32 percent) had respiratory tract diseases and 97 needed hospitalization. From these, 62 (64 percent) were submitted to oxygen therapy (37 males; 2 months to 14 years old). Pneumonia was the cause of hypoxemia in 52 children (84 percent), asthma in five, bronchiolitis in four and tracheomalacia in one. Oxygen therapy was prescribed by physicians, with daily observation and monitoring of oxygen saturation by pulse oxymetry. The median time of oxigen use was 6 days and nasal catheters were used in 94 percent of children, Facial masks or hoods were rarely prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: Inalatory oxygen therapy was more frequently used in younger patients and in children with pneumonia. Its prescriptions followed international criteria. Nasal catheter seemed to be safe, simple, effective and an inexpensive method of oxygen delivery.