Growing conditions of Saccharomyces boulardii for the development of potentially probiotic mead: Fermentation kinetics, viable cell counts and bioactive compounds.

Mead is an alcoholic beverage produced by the fermentation of a diluted honey solution by the action of yeast. Recently, research has shown the potential of S. boulardii for brewing beer and in the development of probiotic alcoholic beverages and, to date, no research has examined for mead production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth conditions of S. boulardii for the development of potentially probiotic mead. The findings show that initial wort soluble solids conditions of 30°Brix and initial concentration of 0.030 g/L of S. boulardii obtain potentially probiotic mead with viable yeast cells of 6.53 Log10 CFU/mL, alcohol content of 5.05%, and has the presence of total phenolics (17.72 mg GAE/100 mL) and natural antioxidants (62.79 and 1.37 µmol TE/100 mL for ABTS and FRAP methods, respectively). In conclusion, S. boulardii has a potential for the development of probiotic mead.

Temporomandibular joint arterial variability.

The study aimed to investigate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arterial variability. In this prospective study, the vasculature variability was studied using a 3D volume rendering CT angiography including random patients at two hospitals. A 16-quadrant (A1-D4) evaluation grid was developed using the Frankfurt plan as main reference. For each quadrant, the number of arterial ramus or branches was scored as clearly visible (2), partially visible (1), or not visible (0). A total of 50 patients were enrolled (mean age of 62.9 ± 16.0); 21 (42%) were men, and 29 (58%) were women. The authors observed bilaterally higher arterial density in the posterior aspect of the ascending ramus of the mandible (p < 0.0001), corresponding to quadrants B2 (5.92 ± 2.27 and 6.14 ± 2.56), B3 (9.76 ± 2.97 and 11.18 ± 2.86) and B4 (7.38 ± 2.78 and 8.10 ± 2.42). A strong correlation was found between the number of vessels and the variability of the region (r = 0.87, p = 0.00001). No differences were observed between men and women. Within the limitations of the study, arterial variability was observed in the TMJ territory. The posterior zone of the condyle and ramus is the most vascularized area, with great variability, representing an increased risk for surgical bleeding. Therefore, this knowledge seems to be particularly relevant for surgeons dedicated to TMJ and other facial surgery or facial/cerebral radiologic interventions. The authors encourage future studies to include larger samples and to identify thoroughly the arterial branches in this area.

MR and CT Imaging of the Normal Eyelid and its Application in Eyelid Tumors.

T-staging of most eyelid malignancies includes the assessment of the integrity of the tarsal plate and orbital septum, which are not clinically accessible. Given the contribution of MRI in the characterization of orbital tumors and establishing their relations to nearby structures, we assessed its value in identifying different eyelid structures in 38 normal eyelids and evaluating tumor extension in three cases of eyelid tumors. As not all patients can receive an MRI, we evaluated those same structures on CT and compared both results. All eyelid structures were identified on MRI and CT, except for the conjunctiva on both techniques and for the tarsal muscles on CT. Histopathology confirmed the MRI findings of orbital septum invasion in one patient, and the MRI findings of intact tarsus and orbital septum in another patient. Histopathology could not confirm or exclude tarsal invasion seen on MRI on two patients. Although imaging the eyelid is challenging, the identification of most eyelid structures is possible with MRI and, to a lesser extent, with CT and can, therefore, have an important contribution to the T-staging of eyelid tumors, which may improve treatment planning and outcome.

Neurocognitive profiles in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the neuropsychological performance (NP) of adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD), comparing them with a group of healthy controls, to determine whether there are different neurocognitive phenotypes in CHD, and to identify their relation to sociodemographic, neonatal, clinical and psychological adjustment variables. METHODS: A total of 217 CHD patients (116 male, aged 15.73±2.68 years) and 80 controls (35 male, age 16.76±2.22 years) underwent an extensive neuropsychological assessment and analysis of psychological adjustment. RESULTS: CHD patients had significantly poorer NP than healthy controls in all neurocognitive domains. Three different phenotypes of NP in CHD patients were identified: non-impaired (NI), moderately impaired (MI) and globally impaired (GI). They differed in all dimensions of NP. The GI cluster showed fewer years of schooling (p=0.025) and lower neonatal indicators such as head circumference (p=0.019), 1-min Apgar score (p=0.006), birth weight (p=0.05) and length (p=0.034) than the NI cluster. In the MI and GI clusters, there were more cyanotic forms of disease, including tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries. The GI cluster presented more difficulties with psychological adjustment, including social (p=0.038), attention (p=0.001) and aggressive (p=0.003) problems. CONCLUSIONS: CHD patients have poorer NP than controls. NP in the CHD group can be classified in three clusters that reflect different levels of neuropsychological functioning, which is sensitive to social, neonatal and psychological adjustment variables.

Microbiological quality of honey from stingless bee, jandaíra (Melipona subnitida), from the semiarid region of Brazil / Qualidade microbiológica do mel da abelha sem ferrão jandaíra (Melipona subnitida) da região semi-árida do Brasil

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of microorganisms in honey produced by the stingless bee (SB) jandaíra (Melipona subnitida) from the semiarid region of Brazil. Thirty-five samples were analyzed and all of them were positive for mesophilic bacteria, coliforms at 45°C, fungi, and yeast. Staphylococcus spp. were identified in 85.7%, while Bacillus spp. were detected in 34.3% of honey samples. DNAs of Clostridium perfringens and C. botulinum were detected in 40% and 2.8% of the samples, respectively. Salmonella spp. and C. difficile were not detected. The present research revealed a great diversity of microorganisms in honey produced by jandaíra.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de microrganismos no mel produzido pela abelha sem ferrão jandaíra (Melipona subnitida). Trinta e cinco amostras foram avaliadas e todas foram positivas para bactérias mesofílicas, coliformes a 45 ºC, fungos e leveduras. Staphylococcus spp. foi identificado em 85,7% enquanto Bacillus foi detectado em 34,3% das amostras de mel. Clostridium perfringens e C. botulinum foram detectados em 40% e 2,8% das amostras respectivamente. Salmonella spp. e C. difficile não foram detectados. O presente trabalho revelou uma grande diversidade de microrganismos no mel produzido por jandaíra.

Lactation curve and milk quality of goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Trypanosoma vivax infection on the shape of the lactation curve and the milk quality of dairy goats experimentally infected with T. vivax. In total, twenty Saanen goats, aged 26-30 months and the same number of calving (two calvings), were divided into two experimental groups: an infected group, consisting of ten goats intravenously infected with 0.5 ml of blood containing approximately 1.25 × 10(5) trypomastigotes of T. vivax and ten uninfected animals as the control group. Clinical tests and hematocrit, parasitemia, and serum biochemistry evaluations were performed on all of the goats. Milk production was measured daily for 152 days by hand milking the goats and weighing the milk. Every seven days, physiochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the milk. Wood's nonlinear model was used to analyze the lactation curve parameters. The infected goats had high levels of parasitemia and hyperthermia, significantly reduced hematocrit, serum total protein, albumin, and glucose levels and increased cholesterol and urea concentrations. Wood's model indicated that the milk production of goats in the infected group declined sharply over a short period of time and produced a flattened yield curve and significant difference (P < 0.05) in the rate of increase of peak milk production, rate of decrease of milk production after the peak, day of peak milk production, and maximum peak milk production compared with that of the control group. Trypanosomiasis also affected the persistency of lactation, which was significantly reduced in goats in the infected group. In addition, the physico-chemical properties of the milk, including the fat content, defatted dry extracts (DDE) and protein content, decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the goats in the infected group compared with those in the control group. The T. vivax-infected goats showed reduction in milk production, persistence of lactation, and fat levels, the defatted dry extract (DDE) content, and protein, changing the quality of milk.

Prevalência de dentes supranumerários em pacientes na faixa etária de 12 a 20 anos em Manaus (AM) / Prevalence of supernumerary teeth in patients aged from 12 to 20 years in Manaus (AM)

A pesquisa avaliou a prevalência de dentes supranumerários na cidade de Manaus (AM), visando obter dados científicos que possam corroborar com outros estudos. Foram analisadas 1.000 radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes na faixa etária de 12 a 20 anos, observando-se a prevalência dos dentes supranumerários, de acordo com o sexo, arco dentário e as regiões mais acometidas dos pacientes. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados, as medidas de tendência central e dispersão foram estimadas, e a prevalência foi calculada. Para a comparação entre os sexos, foi aplicado o teste de Qui-quadrado, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. A prevalência de dentes supranumerários foi de 3,2%, não houve diferença significante entre os sexos, a mandíbula foi o osso gnático mais acometido, houve maior frequência de dentes supranumerários na região de pré-molares, e a maior parte dos pacientes possuía um único supranumerário. A prevalência de dentes supranumerários foi condizente com outros estudos, podendo corroborar com outras pesquisas.

This study evaluated the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the city of Manaus (AM), to obtain scientific data that can corroborate with other studies One thousand panoramic radiographs were evaluated from patients aged at 12-20 years-old and the prevalence classified according to gender, dental arch/ region. Data were with central tendency and dispersion values calculated. The Chi-square test was used to compare prevalence between genders (5% level of significance). The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was 3.2%, with no differences between genders, being the premolar mandibular region the most affected. Most of patients presented one supernumerary tooth. The results corroborate those already published by other articles.

Cronotipo e implicações para sua utilização na fisioterapia em pacientes com acidente vascular encefálico / Chronotype and implications for its use in physical therapy in patients with stroke

Na prática clínica, frequentemente o fisioterapeuta avalia e programa o tratamento do paciente sem levar em consideração a variação temporal de funções e comportamentos. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influência do cronotipo, padrão vigília-sono (qualidade do sono e sonolência excessiva) e regularidade do estilo de vida na determinação do horário de preferência para a prática de atividades física e mental em pacientes com acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). Participaram 42 pacientes (61±9 anos) no estágio crônico do AVE (18±21 meses) e 12 indivíduos saudáveis (53±6 anos) que responderam ao Questionário de Horne e Õstberg (QHO), Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP), Sonolência Excessiva de Epworth (SEE) e o Social Rhythm Metric (SRM). Foi questionado em qual horário os participantes preferiam realizar atividade física (exercícios) e mental (tarefas de raciocínio), considerando apenas seu bem-estar pessoal. Os dados foram analisados através do teste do χ2 e regressão múltipla. Dos pacientes avaliados, 93% eram matutinos, 64% apresentavam qualidade ruim do sono, 43% sonolência excessiva e 57% padrão irregular da rotina diária. Ao final da análise de regressão verificou-se que o cronotipo foi o único fator que teve influência no horário preferencial das atividades. Esses achados sugerem a necessidade da avaliação do cronotipo dos pacientes antes de se estabelecer um horário de atendimento na Fisioterapia.

In clinical practice, the physical therapist often evaluates and programs the patient's treatment without taking into account the temporal variation of functions and behaviors. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the chronotype (morning type - evening type), sleep-wake state (sleep quality and excessive sleepiness) and lifestyle regularity in determining the preferred time of day for physical and mental activities following stroke. Participants responded to the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Social Rhythm Metric (SRM). The subjects were asked at what time of day they preferred to perform physical (exercises) and mental (tasks of reasoning) activities, considering only their well-being. A total of 42 patients (61±9 years) in the chronic stage after stroke (18±21 months) and 12 healthy individuals took part in the study. The data were analyzed using the χ2 test and multiple regression. Among the patients evaluated, 64% had poor sleep quality, 43% excessive sleepiness and 57% an irregular daily routine. Regression analysis showed that chronotype was the only factor studied that influenced the preferred time of day for the activities. The results indicate the need for the physical therapist to analyze how chronotype can affect patient performance before establishing time of day of the physical therapy sessions.

Variação temporal no desempenho em testes de memória em pacientes com doença vascular cerebral / Temporal variation in memory tests performance in cerebral vascular disease patients

Buscando adequar a avaliação neuropsicológica à organização temporal do organismo humano, avaliou-se o desempenho em testes de memória em 12 pacientes pós Doença Vascular Cerebral e 12 indivíduos controle, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 45 a 65 anos. Foram aplicados dois testes de memória com estímulos visuais (figuras) e dois com estímulos verbais (palavras), em 3 dias consecutivos por semana, às 08:00, 10:00 e 12:00 h na primeira semana e às 14:00 e 16:00 h na seguinte. Os pacientes apresentaram menor número de acertos do que os indivíduos controle em todos os testes aplicados (p<0,05). A sensibilidade foi maior às 14h00min para o teste de evocação livre e às 16h00min para os testes de reconhecimento. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que a avaliação neuropsicológica deva ser realizada preferencialmente à tarde, tanto na avaliação inicial quanto nas reavaliações.(AU)

This study intended to investigate the performance in memory tests in order to adequate the neuropsychological evaluation to the temporal order of the human organism. Twelve cerebral vascular accident patients and 12 controls, of both sexes and 45-65 years old were studied. Two memory tests with visual stimuli (pictures) and two with verbal stimuli (words) were applied three times a day (08:00, 10:00 and 12:00 h) during the first week and twice a day (14:00 and 16:00 h) in the second week, during three consecutive days in two consecutive weeks. The patients showed lower scores than control subjects in all applied tests (p<0,05). The greater test sensitivity was at 14:00 h for the free recall test and at 16:00 h for recognition tests. According to these results, it is concluded that neuropsychological evaluations should be conducted preferably in the afternoon, as well for the first evaluation as for the re-evaluations.(AU)

Variação temporal no desempenho em testes de memória em pacientes com doença vascular cerebral / Temporal variation in memory tests performance in cerebral vascular disease patients

Buscando adequar a avaliação neuropsicológica à organização temporal do organismo humano, avaliou-se o desempenho em testes de memória em 12 pacientes pós Doença Vascular Cerebral e 12 indivíduos controle, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 45 a 65 anos. Foram aplicados dois testes de memória com estímulos visuais (figuras) e dois com estímulos verbais (palavras), em 3 dias consecutivos por semana, às 08:00, 10:00 e 12:00 h na primeira semana e às 14:00 e 16:00 h na seguinte. Os pacientes apresentaram menor número de acertos do que os indivíduos controle em todos os testes aplicados (p<0,05). A sensibilidade foi maior às 14h00min para o teste de evocação livre e às 16h00min para os testes de reconhecimento. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que a avaliação neuropsicológica deva ser realizada preferencialmente à tarde, tanto na avaliação inicial quanto nas reavaliações.

This study intended to investigate the performance in memory tests in order to adequate the neuropsychological evaluation to the temporal order of the human organism. Twelve cerebral vascular accident patients and 12 controls, of both sexes and 45-65 years old were studied. Two memory tests with visual stimuli (pictures) and two with verbal stimuli (words) were applied three times a day (08:00, 10:00 and 12:00 h) during the first week and twice a day (14:00 and 16:00 h) in the second week, during three consecutive days in two consecutive weeks. The patients showed lower scores than control subjects in all applied tests (p<0,05). The greater test sensitivity was at 14:00 h for the free recall test and at 16:00 h for recognition tests. According to these results, it is concluded that neuropsychological evaluations should be conducted preferably in the afternoon, as well for the first evaluation as for the re-evaluations.

Cuidar do adulto e do idoso com doença cardiovascular: abordagem psicossocial / Cuidar del adulto y del anciano con enfermedad cardiovascular: abordaje psicosocial / Care of the adult and the elder with cardiovascular disease: psychosocial approach

Verificou-se ao longo do século XX, mudanças no perfil demográfico e epidemiológico das populações. No Brasil, tem aumentado o número de adultos e idosos com doenças crônico-degenerativas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre o cuidar do adulto e do idoso com doença cardiovascular. Faz-se uma apresentação conceitual dos termos cuidar, cuidado de enfermagem e necessidades/demandas de saúde. Posteriormente, abordam-se as doenças crônicas, com foco nas doenças cardiovasculares, apresentando-se uma forma do cuidar de enfermagem numa dimensão ampliada que busca as demandas dos sujeitos envolvidos, apreendidas por meio da consulta de enfermagem.