ABSTRACT
AIM: To assess whether parents feel guilty for their children's oral problems, associating this feeling with socio-economic, demographic, and psychological factors. DESIGN: We included 1313 parent-and-child pairs in this study. The children were 2-4 years old. Parents answered questionnaires on socio-economic and demographic data, and on psychological variables. Sixteen trained dentists (κ > 0.8) examined the children for oral hygiene (the presence and absence of plaque), early childhood caries (ECC; no caries, low and high severity), malocclusion (the presence and absence), and traumatic dental injuries (TDI; the presence and absence). We analysed the data with a hierarchical regression. RESULTS: Twenty-four percentage of parents reported feeling guilty for the oral problems in their children; 26.3% of the children presented with caries, 39.8% malocclusion, 22.9% TDI. Of the parents who felt guilty, 54% thought that their children had problems in their teeth, and most of them (82%) thought that the problem could have been avoided. The feeling of guilt in parents was significantly associated with ECC and the psychological variables: the thought that the child had problems in his/her teeth and the thought that the problem could have been avoided. CONCLUSION: Parents feel more guilty with increased caries severity in their children, and the likelihood of feeling guilty increases when parents believe that their child has an oral problem or that this problem could have been avoided.
Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Dental Caries , Guilt , Oral Health , Parents/psychology , Adult , Child, Preschool , Demography , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Self Report , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Screening tests for reading skills are essential instruments for teachers and professionals in educational settings. This study examines an adaptation of the lexical decision subtest of the Reading Decision Test (RDT), which has two equally weighted forms, each containing words and pseudo-words, to Brazilian Portuguese. The adaptation followed standards recommended by the international literature and was applied to a sample of 230 schoolchildren from 1st to 5th grades in order to analyze its initial psychometric properties. Item analysis and reading speed showed significant school-year effect (p < .05). Scores on the two forms of the subtest were closely correlated. In conclusion, the RDT word decision subtest showed appropriate initial psychometric properties.(AU)
Testes rápidos (screenings) de avaliação de leitura são instrumentos essenciais para professores e profissionais no âmbito educacional. Este estudo adaptou para o português o subteste de leitura de palavras do Reading Decision Test (RDT), o qual tem duas formas equivalentes, compostas por palavras e pseudopalavras. O processo de adaptação seguiu as regras recomendadas pela literatura internacional e foi aplicado em uma amostra de 230 escolares, do 1º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental para analisar as propriedades psicométricas iniciais. Observou-se que as análises de itens e da velocidade de leitura mostraram efeito significativo do ano escolar (p < 0,05). Verificou-se também forte correlação entre as duas formas do subteste. Conclui-se que o subteste de palavras do RDT apresenta propriedades psicométricas iniciais adequadas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Reading , Psychometrics , Translations , Psychological Tests , Education, Primary and Secondary , BrazilABSTRACT
Screening tests for reading skills are essential instruments for teachers and professionals in educational settings. This study examines an adaptation of the lexical decision subtest of the Reading Decision Test (RDT), which has two equally weighted forms, each containing words and pseudo-words, to Brazilian Portuguese. The adaptation followed standards recommended by the international literature and was applied to a sample of 230 schoolchildren from 1st to 5th grades in order to analyze its initial psychometric properties. Item analysis and reading speed showed significant school-year effect (p < .05). Scores on the two forms of the subtest were closely correlated. In conclusion, the RDT word decision subtest showed appropriate initial psychometric properties.
Testes rápidos (screenings) de avaliação de leitura são instrumentos essenciais para professores e profissionais no âmbito educacional. Este estudo adaptou para o português o subteste de leitura de palavras do Reading Decision Test (RDT), o qual tem duas formas equivalentes, compostas por palavras e pseudopalavras. O processo de adaptação seguiu as regras recomendadas pela literatura internacional e foi aplicado em uma amostra de 230 escolares, do 1º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental para analisar as propriedades psicométricas iniciais. Observou-se que as análises de itens e da velocidade de leitura mostraram efeito significativo do ano escolar (p < 0,05). Verificou-se também forte correlação entre as duas formas do subteste. Conclui-se que o subteste de palavras do RDT apresenta propriedades psicométricas iniciais adequadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Psychological Tests , Psychometrics , Reading , Translations , Brazil , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
Introduction: Fear and anxiety are part of all human experiences and they may contribute directly to a patients behavior. The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) is a technique that may be an alternative approach intreating special care patients or those who suffer fear or anxiety. Objective: the aim of this paper is to review the ART technique as an alternative to reduce pain and fear during dental treatment. Materials and method: A searchfor the term "atraumatic restorative treatment" was carried out in the MEDLINE search engine. References, fromthe last 10 years, containing at least one of the terms: "psychological aspects", "discomfort", "fear", "anxiety" or "pain", were selected. Results: A total of 120 references were found, from which only 17 fit the criteria. Discussion: All authors agreedthat the ART promotes less discomfort for patients, contributing to a reduction of anxiety and fear during thedental treatment. Results also indicated that ART minimizes pain reported by patients. Conclusions: The ART approachcan be considered as having favorable characteristics for the patient, promoting an "atraumatic" treatment.This technique may be indicated for patients who suffer from fear or anxiety towards dental treatments and whosebehavior may cause the treatment to become unfeasible or even impossible altogether (AU)
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Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Anxiety/prevention & controlABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Fear and anxiety are part of all human experiences and they may contribute directly to a patient's behavior. The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) is a technique that may be an alternative approach in treating special care patients or those who suffer fear or anxiety. OBJECTIVE: the aim of this paper is to review the ART technique as an alternative to reduce pain and fear during dental treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search for the term "atraumatic restorative treatment" was carried out in the MEDLINE search engine. References, from the last 10 years, containing at least one of the terms: "psychological aspects", "discomfort", "fear", "anxiety" or "pain", were selected. RESULTS: A total of 120 references were found, from which only 17 fit the criteria. DISCUSSION: All authors agreed that the ART promotes less discomfort for patients, contributing to a reduction of anxiety and fear during the dental treatment. Results also indicated that ART minimizes pain reported by patients. CONCLUSIONS: The ART approach can be considered as having favorable characteristics for the patient, promoting an "atraumatic" treatment. This technique may be indicated for patients who suffer from fear or anxiety towards dental treatments and whose behavior may cause the treatment to become unfeasible or even impossible altogether.
