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1.
J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput ; : 1-14, 2023 Feb 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36779007

ABSTRACT

Artificial Intelligence techniques based on Machine Learning algorithms, Neural Networks and Naïve Bayes can optimise the diagnostic process of the SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19. The most significant help of these techniques is analysing data recorded by health professionals when treating patients with this disease. Health professionals' more specific focus is due to the reduction in the number of observable signs and symptoms, ranging from an acute respiratory condition to severe pneumonia, showing an efficient form of attribute engineering. It is important to note that the clinical diagnosis can vary from asymptomatic to extremely harsh conditions. About 80% of patients with Covid-19 may be asymptomatic or have few symptoms. Approximately 20% of the detected cases require hospital care because they have difficulty breathing, of which about 5% may require ventilatory support in the Intensive Care Unit. Also, the present study proposes a hybrid approach model, structured in the composition of Artificial Intelligence techniques, using Machine Learning algorithms, associated with multicriteria methods of decision support based on the Verbal Decision Analysis methodology, aiming at the discovery of knowledge, as well as exploring the predictive power of specific data in this study, to optimise the diagnostic models of Covid-19. Thus, the model will provide greater accuracy to the diagnosis sought through clinical observation.

2.
Comput Math Methods Med ; 2021: 1628959, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33859717

ABSTRACT

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a mental disorder that afflicts millions of people worldwide. It is estimated that one in 160 children has traces of autism, with five times the higher prevalence in boys. The protocols for detecting symptoms are diverse. However, the following are among the most used: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), of the American Psychiatric Association; the Revised Autistic Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-R); the Autistic Diagnostic Interview (ADI); and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and adopted in Brazil by the Unified Health System (SUS). The application of machine learning models helps make the diagnostic process of Autism Spectrum Disorder more precise, reducing, in many cases, the number of criteria necessary for evaluation, denoting a form of attribute engineering (feature engineering) efficiency. This work proposes a hybrid approach based on machine learning algorithms' composition to discover knowledge and concepts associated with the multicriteria method of decision support based on Verbal Decision Analysis to refine the results. Therefore, the study has the general objective of evaluating how the mentioned hybrid methodology proposal can make the protocol derived from ICD-10 more efficient, providing agility to diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder by observing a minor symptom. The study database covers thousands of cases of people who, once diagnosed, obtained government assistance in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Decision Support Techniques , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods , Machine Learning , Algorithms , Brazil , Child, Preschool , Computational Biology , Decision Trees , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/statistics & numerical data , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Expert Systems , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male
3.
Comput Math Methods Med ; 2015: 987298, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25821512

ABSTRACT

Psychotics disorders, most commonly known as schizophrenia, have incapacitated professionals in different sectors of activities. Those disorders have caused damage in a microlevel to the individual and his/her family and in a macrolevel to the economic and production system of the country. The lack of early and sometimes very late diagnosis has provided reactive measures, when the professional is already showing psychological signs of incapacity to work. This study aims to help the early diagnosis of psychotics' disorders with a hybrid proposal of an expert system that is integrated to structured methodologies in decision support (multicriteria decision analysis: MCDA) and knowledge structured representations into production rules and probabilities (artificial intelligence: AI).


Subject(s)
Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Algorithms , Artificial Intelligence , Communication , Decision Making , Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Decision Support Techniques , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods , Expert Systems , Humans , Models, Statistical , Professional-Patient Relations , Schizophrenia/classification , Truth Disclosure
4.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 696: 555-64, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21431596

ABSTRACT

There is a great challenge in identifying the early diagnosis of the Alzheimer's disease, which has become the most frequent cause of dementia in the last few years, being responsible for 50% of the cases in western countries. The main focus of the work is the development of a multicriteria model for aiding in the decision making on the diagnosis of the Alzheimer's disease. It will be made by means of the Aranaú Tool, a decision support system mainly based on the ZAPROS method. The modeling and evaluation processes were conducted based on bibliographic sources, questionnaires, and on information given by a medical expert. The questionnaires analyzed were based mainly on patients' neuroimaging tests and were tried under various relevant aspects to the diagnosis of the disease.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Decision Support Techniques , Aged , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Computational Biology , Computer Simulation , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Humans , Models, Neurological , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 696: 573-80, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21431598

ABSTRACT

Psychological disorders have kept away and incapacitated professionals in different sectors of activities. The most serious problems may be associated with various types of pathologies; however, it appears, more often, as psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, antisocial personality, multiple personality and addiction, causing a micro level damage to the individual and his/her family and in a macro level to the production system and the country welfare. The lack of early diagnosis has provided reactive measures, and sometimes very late, when the professional is already showing psychological signs of incapacity to work. This study aims to help the early diagnosis of psychological disorders with a hybrid proposal of an expert system that is integrated to structured methodologies in decision support (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis - MCDA) and knowledge structured representations into production rules and probabilities (Artificial Intelligence - AI).


Subject(s)
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Artificial Intelligence , Computational Biology , Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Decision Support Techniques , Expert Systems , Humans , Models, Psychological
6.
Ciênc. cuid. saúde ; 6(3): 291-299, jul.-set. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-524899

ABSTRACT

A intoxicação do tipo intencional pode acontecer a partir da vivência de uma situação de angústia e conflitos e se caracteriza, muitas vezes, por tentativas suicidas, sendo a fase da adolescência o período de maior vulnerabilidade. O estudo retrata as causas de tentativas suicidas em adolescentes atendidos em um hospital público, em Fortaleza - CE. Trata-se de um estudo convergente-assistencial, realizado entre os meses defevereiro e abril de 2005. Os sujeitos foram dois adolescentes admitidos na emergência hospitalar por intoxicação intencional. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, observaçãoparticipativa e anotações no diário de campo. Os resultados apontaram como causas das tentativas suicidasperdas afetivas, e a estrutura familiar se configurou como coadjuvante da construção da idéia e da concretização dessa tentativa. Deste modo, os processos familiares que proporcionam alterações de sentimento, como tristeza, abandono e outros, comportam-se como fatores de risco para a tentativa de suicídio. Assim, considera-se que a família, os profissionais da saúde e da educação, bem como a sociedade como um todo, devem estar atentos às fases da adolescência, e, analisando seus componentes biológicos, psicodinâmicos, familiares e sociais, agir com uma postura de “previsibilidade” contra as tentativas suicidas nessa fase do ciclo vital.


Intentional intoxication may stem from a situation of anguish and conflict, and is often characterized by suicideattempts, for which adolescence is the most vulnerable phase. This study looks at the possible causes behindsuicide attempts by adolescents who received care at a public hospital, in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará State,Brazil. This is a convergent-assistential study, undertaken between February and April of 2005. The subjectswere two adolescents admitted to the hospital’s emergency ward due to intentional intoxication. The datacollection was by means of semi-structured interviews, participative observations and field diary annotations. Theresults of this study point to some possible causes, such as affective losses, and the family structure seemed toplay an influencing role in terms of the thought process and execution behind the suicide attempts. The familyprocesses, which bring about changes in feelings such as sadness, abandonment and others, function as riskfactors for a suicide attempt. Therefore, it is essential that family members, health professionals, educators andothers, as well as society in general, pay attention to adolescent phases by analyzing biological, psychodynamic,family and social components, always seeking to act in a “foreseeable” manner against suicide attempts duringthis phase of the life cycle.


La intoxicación de tipo intencional puede suceder a partir de la vivencia de una situación de angustia y conflictos, caracterizando, muchas veces, intento de suicidio, siendo la fase de la adolescencia un período de mayor vulnerabilidad. El estudio muestra las causas de intentos de suicidio en adolescentes atendidos en un hospital público, en Fortaleza-CE. Se trata de un estudio convergente-asistencial, realizado entre los meses de febrero a abril de 2005. Los sujetos fueron dos adolescentes admitidos en emergencia hospitalaria por intoxicación intencional. La colecta de datos fue por medio de entrevista semiestructurada, observaciónparticipativa y apuntes en diario de campo. Los resultados apuntaron como causas para los intentos de suicidiolas pérdidas afectivas; la estructura familiar se configuró como coadyuvante de la construcción de la idea y de laconcretización de ese intento. De este modo, los procesos familiares que proporcionan alteraciones de sentimiento, como tristeza, abandono y otros, se comportan como factores de riesgo para el intento de suicidio.De este modo, se considera que la familia, los profesionales de la salud y de la educación, así como la sociedad, deben percibir las fases de la adolescencia, analizando los componentes biológicos, psicodinámicos,familiares y sociales, buscando actuar con una postura de “previsibilidad” contra los intentos de suicidio en esafase del ciclo vital.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Poisoning , Suicide , Suicide, Attempted
7.
Cogitare enferm ; 12(1): 69-75, jan.-mar. 2007. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-500730

ABSTRACT

Realizou-se um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa no qual objetivou-se verificar o lúdico como facilitador na humanização do cuidado da criança hospitalizada. Teve como sujeitos 10 crianças na faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos em condições de brincar e conscientes. A coleta dos dados deu-se através de oficinas envolvendo brincadeiras e observação do comportamento das crianças após a participação nas mesmas, sendo utilizado um check list, denominado de "Ficha de registro das reações comportamentais". Os dados foram nalisados e interpretados por meio de gráficos. Como resultado, observou-se que a promoção do brincar na hospitalização infantil pode facilitar,a brindo possibilidades para uma assistência mais criativa e humanizada, reduzindo os efeitos estressantes. Logo, verificou-se a importância da utilização do lúdico na prática diária, pelos profissionais da saúde, facilitando assistência à criança hospitalizada.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Hospitalized , Child Care , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Hospitalization , Play and Playthings
8.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; dez.1999. 139 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1035629

ABSTRACT

Consiste em uma investigaçäo fenomenológica hermenêutica segundo a proposta do filósofo Martin Heidegger, cujo objetivo foi desvelar o ser ou o sentido do conceito de Diagnóstico de Enfermagem nso depoimentos das enfermeiras entrevistadas e na literatura profissional. Realizada a investigaçäo num Hospital Geral de especialidade cardíaca e pulmonar localizado na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. O suporte de análise centrou-se nas obras desse filósofo, prinipalmente em: Ser e tempo e Ensaios e conferências ( A questäo da técnica e Ciência e meditaçäo). O conceito de Diagnóstico de Enfermagem apreendido nos depoimentos e na literatura específica da Enfermagem mostrou-se em seu sentido técnico e científico moderno, como um processo de operacionalizaçäo do atendimento de enfermagem a partir de uma identificaçäo, avaliaçäo, levantamento e julgamento de problemas (do paciente de Enfermagem e de saúde)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Diagnosis , Philosophy, Nursing , Cardiology , Nursing Care , Pulmonary Medicine
9.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 50(2): 197-214, abr.-jun. 1997.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-221636

ABSTRACT

A temática deste estudo refere-se à vivência de mäes com filhos portadores de malforaçäo congênita e traz uma análise sobre as suas reaçöes diante do mesmo. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo segundo a linha qualitativa com a abordagem fenomenológica. E, para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas e aquisiçäo dos depoimentos. Fez-se a análise em busca do sentido, da direçäo destas mäes, ou seja, a sua maneira de ser, de estar no mundo, partindo dos significados (unidades de significaçäo), indo ao sentido, à luz do referencial filosófico de Martin Heidegger, objetivando caracterizar o Ser-Mäe em seu cotidiano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Congenital Abnormalities/psychology , Existentialism , Mothers/psychology , Interviews as Topic , Emotions
10.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 46(2): 117-31, abr.-jun. 1993. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-143737

ABSTRACT

O estudo do tipo experimental, objetivou verificar a influência das orientaçöes na humanizaçäo da assistência à criança hospitalizada, utilizando bonecos e materiais próprios para terapêutica de venipunçäo. Apoiou-se em WHALEY e WONG, considerando as experiências desagradáveis e dolorosas do pré-escolar. Participaram da amostra 10 (dez) crianças, que foram avaliadas antes e após as orientaçöes na presença e na ausência da mäe. A hipótese nula previu que as crianças orientadas antes dos procedimentos terapêuticos, na presença e/ou ausência da mäe, apresentam os mesmos comportamentos daquelas orientadas. A hipótese nula foi rejeitada ao nível 0,01 para resultados obtidos fora do intervalo (-2,58, 2,58). Concluiu-se que a humanizaçäo da criança hospitalizada é possivel, a partir das orientaçöes feitas com o auxílio de brinquedo terapêutico e inserçäo da mäe no tratamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Play and Playthings , Nursing Care/psychology , Child, Hospitalized/psychology , Pediatric Nursing/methods , Medical Chaperones/psychology
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