Potential risk assessment: a model for quality evaluation in fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures.

This study presented a model applied for potential risk assessment in an interventional radiology setting. The model of potential risk assessment (MARP) consisted of the creation of a scale of indicators ranging from 0 to 5. The radiation levels were categorized according to gender, kind of procedure, value of kerma air product (Pka), and accumulated radiation dose (mGy). The MARP model was applied in 121 institutions over 8 y. A total of 201 656 patient radiation doses (Dose-area product and accumulated kerma) data were launched into the system over time, with an average of 22 406 doses per year. In the context of the workers (cardiologists, radiographers, and nurses) monitored during the MARP application, 8007 cases (with an average of 890 per year) of occupational radiation doses were recorded. This study showed a strategy for quality evaluation in fluoroscopy using a model with a compulsory information system for monitoring safety.

Prevalence and characteristics of HTLV-associated uveitis in patients from Bahia, an endemic area for HTLV - 1 in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: HTLV-1-associated uveitis (HAU) is an inflammatory reaction of the choroid, retina, optic nerve and vitreous that can lead to vision impairment. The worldwide prevalence of HAU varies widely. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HAU in patients from Salvador, Bahia-Brazil, and describe uveitis type and associated symptoms. METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study to determine the prevalence of uveitis in HTLV-1-infected patients recruited in Bahia, Brazil, a region considered endemic for HTLV-1. Patients were enrolled at a local reference center for HTLV (infected) and at an outpatient ophthalmology clinic (noninfected group). All patients were examined by the same ophthalmologist following a single protocol. Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 168 consecutively examined HTLV-1-infected patients and 410 noninfected patients (randomly selected) were included. Females predominated (82.1%) in the HTLV-1-infected group (versus 64.4% in the uninfected group) (p < 0.001). The mean age of infected and uninfected patients was 53.2 and 62.8 years, respectively (p < 0.001). The prevalence of uveitis in HTLV-1+ and HTLV-1- patients was 7.14% and 0.73%, respectively (PR = 9.76; 95CI%:2.79-34.15; p < 0.01). Bilateral intermediate uveitis, associated with symptoms including visual disturbances and floaters, was most commonly identified in the HTLV-1-infected patients, whereas unilateral anterior uveitis, in association with symptoms such as blurring and ocular pain, was more common in the uninfected group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of uveitis in patients with HTLV-1 was markedly higher than in uninfected subjects. HAU patients were mostly asymptomatic and exhibited bilateral presentation, with uveitis more frequently localized in the intermediate chamber.

The Brazilian System for Monitoring Workers and General Population Exposed to Asbestos: Development, Challenges, and Opportunities for Workers' Health Surveillance.

The lack of safe levels of asbestos exposure and the long latency of asbestos-related disease (ARD) makes workers' health surveillance challenging, especially in lower-income countries. This paper aims to present the recently developed Brazilian system for monitoring workers and general population exposed to asbestos (Datamianto), and to discuss the main challenges and opportunities for workers' health surveillance. METHODS: a descriptive study of the Datamianto development process, examining all the stages of system planning, development, improvement, validation, availability, and training of health services for its use, in addition to presenting the main challenges and opportunities for its implementation. RESULTS: The system was developed by a group of software developers, workers' health specialists, and practitioners, and it was recently incorporated by the Ministry of Health to be used for workers' health surveillance. It can facilitate the monitoring of exposed individuals, epidemiological data analysis, promote cooperation between health services, and ensure periodical medical screening guaranteed to workers by labor legislation. Moreover, the system has a Business Intelligence (BI) platform to analyze epidemiologic data and produce near real-time reports. CONCLUSIONS: Datamianto can support and qualify the healthcare and surveillance of asbestos-exposed workers and ARD, promoting a better quality of life for workers and improving companies' compliance with legislation. Even so, the system's significance, applicability, and longevity will depend on the efforts aimed at its implementation and improvement.

Integrative and Multidisciplinary Care for People Living With Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus in Bahia, Brazil: 20 Years of Experience.

Brazil is home to the highest absolute number of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals worldwide; the city of Salvador, Bahia, has the highest prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in Brazil. Due to the complex nature of several diseases associated with this retrovirus, a multidisciplinary health care approach is necessary to care for people living with HTLV-1. The Bahia School of Medicine and Public Health's Integrative Multidisciplinary HTLV Center (CHTLV) has been providing support to people living with HTLV and their families since 2002, striving to ensure physical and mental well-being by addressing biopsychosocial aspects, providing clinical care and follow-up, including to pregnant/postpartum women, as well as comprehensive laboratory diagnostics, psychological therapy, and counseling to family members. To date, CHTLV has served a total of 2,169 HTLV-infected patients. The average patient age is 49.8 (SD 15.9) years, 70.3% are female, most are considered low-income and have low levels of education. The majority (98.9%) are HTLV-1 cases, and approximately 10% have been diagnosed with tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM), while 2.2% have infective dermatitis and 1.1% have adult T-cell lymphoma. In all, 178 pregnant/postpartum women [mean age: 32.7 (±6.5) years] have received care at CHTLV. Regarding vertical transmission, 53% of breastfed infants screened for HTLV tested positive in their second year of life, nearly 18 times the rate found in non-breastfed infants. This article documents 20 years of experience in implementing an integrative and multidisciplinary care center for people living with HTLV in Bahia, Brazil. Still, significant challenges remain regarding infection control, and HTLV-infected individuals continue to struggle with the obtainment of equitable and efficient healthcare.

Revisiting Keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1: prevalence, clinical aspects and proviral load.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) associated with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) (HTLV-1/KCS) has been estimated at around 37%, but its clinical manifestations are poorly described. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of HTLV-1/KCS in a large cohort of HTLV-1-infected individuals living in Salvador, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2004 and September 2017 at the Integrative and Multidisciplinary Center for HTLV in Salvador, Bahia-Brazil. Data from 758 HTLV-1-infected patients was collected. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed in both eyes. Lacrimal function was evaluated by breakup time, Rose Bengal and Schirmer I Tests. KCS diagnosis was considered in the presence of at least two out of three positive tests. HTLV-1 proviral load Crude and Adjusted Prevalence Rates (PR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were estimated using multivariate Poisson Regression with robust error variance. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of KCS was 31.7%, with higher rates observed in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patients (crude PR: 1.84; CI95%: 1.50-2.26) even after adjusting for age, sex, time of HTLV-1 diagnosis and schooling (adjusted PR: 1.63; CI95%: 1.31-2.02). Proviral load, low corrected visual acuity, burning and/or pain and itching were all significantly higher in patients with KCS. CONCLUSION: Burning and/or pain and itching and low corrected visual acuity were the most common alterations of HTLV-1/KCS. High Proviral load was found to be associated with the presence of KCS. It is strongly recommended that HTLV-1 patients undergo periodic ophthalmologic examination to promote the early diagnosis of KCS and prevent the consequences associated with dry eye disease.

Revisiting Keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1: prevalence, clinical aspects and proviral load

ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) associated with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) (HTLV-1/KCS) has been estimated at around 37%, but its clinical manifestations are poorly described. Purpose: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of HTLV-1/KCS in a large cohort of HTLV-1-infected individuals living in Salvador, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2004 and September 2017 at the Integrative and Multidisciplinary Center for HTLV in Salvador, Bahia-Brazil. Data from 758 HTLV-1-infected patients was collected. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed in both eyes. Lacrimal function was evaluated by breakup time, Rose Bengal and Schirmer I Tests. KCS diagnosis was considered in the presence of at least two out of three positive tests. HTLV-1 proviral load Crude and Adjusted Prevalence Rates (PR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were estimated using multivariate Poisson Regression with robust error variance. Results: The overall prevalence of KCS was 31.7%, with higher rates observed in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patients (crude PR: 1.84; CI95%: 1.50-2.26) even after adjusting for age, sex, time of HTLV-1 diagnosis and schooling (adjusted PR: 1.63; CI95%: 1.31-2.02). Proviral load, low corrected visual acuity, burning and/or pain and itching were all significantly higher in patients with KCS. Conclusion: Burning and/or pain and itching and low corrected visual acuity were the most common alterations of HTLV-1/KCS. High Proviral load was found to be associated with the presence of KCS. It is strongly recommended that HTLV-1 patients undergo periodic ophthalmologic examination to promote the early diagnosis of KCS and prevent the consequences associated with dry eye disease.

OVERVIEW OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE IN MEDICAL WORKERS IN SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL, BETWEEN 2014 AND 2017.

This study assessed occupational radiation doses in Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2014 to 2017. Data were collected from Sistema de Informação Estadual de Radiações Ionizantes (SIERI), a compulsory occupational dose registration system established in Santa Catarina in 2014. Most doses were registered as lower than the dosemeter recording level (RL; 99.12%). Diagnostic radiology workers registered doses higher than the RL (61.13%) more frequently than nuclear medicine workers; however, the former received lower doses. Nuclear medicine workers represented 38.87% of dosemeter values higher than the RL, but their mean doses were higher. The professionals who registered the highest doses across both categories were radiology technologists/technicians and nursing workers. Establishment of a compulsory information system is important for monitoring the safety of workers. This study compiled data from the first few years of the SIERI program. Here, we report the current status of exposure in Santa Catarina.

Algorithm for dry eye disease diagnosis in individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of lacrimal film tests and propose an algorithm for the diagnosis of dry eye disease in individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. METHODS: Ninety-six patients infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 were enrolled in the study. To assess clinical complaints, patients completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. To evaluate lacrimal film quality, patients underwent the tear breakup time test, Schirmer I test, and Rose Bengal staining. Dry eye disease was diagnosed when at least two of the three test results were abnormal. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy of the questionnaire as well as of each test alone and combined in parallel and in series were determined. RESULTS: The most sensitive test was the tear breakup time test (98%), whereas the most specific was the Schirmer I test (100%). Rose Bengal staining had the highest overall accuracy (88.64%), whereas the Ocular Surface Disease Index had the lowest overall accuracy (62.65%). The tear breakup time test, Schirmer I test, and Ocular Surface Disease Index combined in parallel showed increased sensitivity and decreased specificity for all tests. In contrast, when combined in series, these tests demonstrated increased specificity and decreased sensitivity. CONCLUSION: This study shows the need to use multiple tests to evaluate tear film quality and include a symptom questionnaire as part of the diagnostic algorithm for dry eye disease.

Algorithm for dry eye disease diagnosis in individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 / Algoritmo para o diagnóstico da doença do olho seco em indivíduos infectados com vírus linfotrópico de células-T humanas tipo 1

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of lacrimal film tests and propose an algorithm for the diagnosis of dry eye disease in individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. Methods: Ninety-six patients infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 were enrolled in the study. To assess clinical complaints, patients completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. To evaluate lacrimal film quality, patients underwent the tear breakup time test, Schirmer I test, and Rose Bengal staining. Dry eye disease was diagnosed when at least two of the three test results were abnormal. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy of the questionnaire as well as of each test alone and combined in parallel and in series were determined. Results: The most sensitive test was the tear breakup time test (98%), whereas the most specific was the Schirmer I test (100%). Rose Bengal staining had the highest overall accuracy (88.64%), whereas the Ocular Surface Disease Index had the lowest overall accuracy (62.65%). The tear breakup time test, Schirmer I test, and Ocular Surface Disease Index combined in parallel showed increased sensitivity and decreased specificity for all tests. In contrast, when combined in series, these tests demonstrated increased specificity and decreased sensitivity. Conclusion: This study shows the need to use multiple tests to evaluate tear film quality and include a symptom questionnaire as part of the diagnostic algorithm for dry eye disease.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a precisão da propedêutica do filme lacrimal e propor um algoritmo para o diagnóstico da doença do olho seco em indivíduos infectados com Vírus linfotrópico de células-T humanas tipo 1. Métodos: Noventa e seis pacientes infectados com o vírus linfotrópico de células T humana tipo 1 foram incluídos no estudo. Para avaliar sintomatologia, os pacientes responderam o questionário Índice para Doenças da Superfície Ocular. A fim de avaliar a qualidade do filme lacrimal, os pacientes foram submetidos ao teste de ruptura do filme lacrimal, teste de Schirmer I e coloração com Rosa Bengala. A doença do olho seco foi diagnosticada quando, pelo menos, dois dos testes ruptura do filme lacrimal, teste de Schirmer I e coloração com Rosa Bengala) eram anormais. Foram determinados sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo e acurácia do questionário e de cada teste sozinho e combinados em paralelo e em série. Resultados: O teste de ruptura do filme lacrimal foi o mais sensível (98%) e o teste de Schirmer I foi o mais específico (100%). A maior acurácia foi encontrada no teste de coloração com Rosa Bengala (88,64%), enquanto sintomas avaliados usando o questionário Índice para Doenças da Superfície Ocular teve a menor acurácia geral (62,65%). O teste de ruptura do filme lacrimal, teste de Schirmer I e Questionário de Doença da Superfície Ocular quando combinados em paralelo mostraram um aumento da sensibilidade e uma diminuição na especificidade de todos os testes. Por outro lado, combinados em série, teste de ruptura do filme lacrimal, Schirmer I e questionário Índice para Doenças da Superfície Ocular tiveram um aumento na especificidade e sensibilidade diminuída. Conclusão: Este estudo apontou a necessidade de utilizar mais do que um teste para avaliar a qualidade do filme lacrimal, bem como utilizar um questionário de sintomas como parte do algoritmo de diagnóstico para doença do olho seco.

Roteiro de inspeção sanitária de ambientes e processos de trabalho em postos de revenda de combustíveis: análise de usos e aplicações no estado de Santa Catarina / Uses and applications of the Form for Sanitary Inspection of Work Processes and Environments in Gas Stations, Santa Catarina state, Brazil

Resumo Introdução: o Roteiro de inspeção sanitária de ambientes e processos de trabalho em postos de revenda de combustíveis (RIAT-PRC) é utilizado para fins de vigilância em saúde pelo Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (Cerest). Objetivo: descrever os usos e aplicações do RIAT-PRC a partir da experiência da vigilância em saúde do trabalhador do estado de Santa Catarina. Método: relato descritivo e analítico do instrumento RIAT-PRC e da avaliação de sua qualidade e uso no estado de Santa Catarina, no período de 2010 a 2014. Resultados: o roteiro foi aplicado em 459 PRC, com bom grau de preenchimento no geral. A aplicação do instrumento permitiu identificar baixa realização de monitoramentos biológicos e ambientais por parte das empresas. Também permitiu o acompanhamento das condições de trabalho e de saúde dos trabalhadores ao longo do tempo, bem como a possibilidade de identificar fatores e situações de risco nos ambientes de trabalho. Conclusão: o RIAT-PRC mostrou factibilidade para vigilância e para subsídio de estudos sobre exposição ao benzeno em PRC. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de aprimorar a capacitação das equipes técnicas para a efetiva vigilância da exposição ao benzeno e a outros agentes químicos presentes nos PRC.

Abstract Introduction: the Form for Sanitary Inspection of Work Processes and Environments in Gas Stations (RIAT-PRC) is used for health surveillance by Reference Centers in Occupational Health (Cerest). Objective: to describe the uses and applications of the RIAT-PRC tool from the experience of the Surveillance of Occupational Health in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Method: descriptive and analytical report of the RIAT-PRC tool and of the evaluation of its quality and use in Santa Catarina, from 2010 to 2014. Results: the form was introduced in 459 gas stations, with good filling degree in general. The application of the tool, made it possible to verify that the companies carried out only a few biological and environmental monitoring. It also allowed us to follow workers' occupational and health conditions along the study time as well as to identify risk factors in work environments. Conclusion: the RIAT-PRC was useful for surveillance and for supporting studies on benzene exposure in gas stations. The results highlighted the need to improve the training of surveillance technical teams, aiming at an effective monitoring of gas stations workers' exposure to benzene and other chemicals.

Exposição ao benzeno em postos de revenda de combustíveis no Brasil: Rede de Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador (VISAT) / Exposure to benzene in gas stations in Brazil: occupational health surveillance (VISAT) network

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a experiência da rede de vigilância da exposição ao benzeno em Postos de Revenda de Combustíveis, descrevendo seus componentes, desenvolvida no Sistema Único de Saúde. Relato e análise de experiência de vigilância e seus impactos à saúde dos trabalhadores de postos de combustíveis em seis estados do Brasil. Apresenta a perspectiva de ação operada pela circulação de informações, encontros nacionais, discussões de estratégias particulares e compartilhadas das experiências, metodologias e instrumentos comuns. São descritos procedimentos de inspeção, avaliações individuais e formação. Foram identificadas situações de risco e exposições ocupacionais e ambientais em 1.312 postos e 564 trabalhadores foram avaliados. Estavam expostos frentistas, chefes de pista e encarregados de medição, descarga e testes. As características integradas e complementares desta vigilância, articuladas às áreas ocupacional e ambiental, contemplam a intervenção a territórios ampliados e conectados em rede. A intervenção supera as fragmentações entre práticas individuais e coletivas e entre serviços e ensino, tornando-se um exemplo de ação para avaliação e redução do impacto à saúde em trabalhadores, pela articulação da ação sanitária, ambiental e de conexão intersetorial.

The scope of this article is to present the surveillance network's experience of exposure to benzene in gas stations, describing its components developed in the Unified Health System. It is a report and analysis of the experience of monitoring and its impact on the health of gas station workers in six Brazilian states. It presents the prospect of action, operated by the circulation of information, national meetings, discussions of specific strategies and shared experiences, methodologies and common tools. Inspection procedures, individual assessments and training are described. Risk situations and occupational and environmental exposure were identified in 1,311 gas stations and 564 workers were assessed. Forecourt attendants, superintendents and measuring, offloading and testing employees were all exposed. The integrated and complementary features of this surveillance, implemented in the occupational and environmental areas, suggest intervention in a broader and network-linked territory. The intervention would transcend fragmentation between individual and collective practices, services and education, becoming an example of action for assessment and mitigation of the impact on health workers, the articulation of action in health, the environment and intersectorial connection.

[Exposure to benzene in gas stations in Brazil: occupational health surveillance (VISAT) network]. / Exposição ao benzeno em postos de revenda de combustíveis no Brasil: rede de Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador (VISAT).

The scope of this article is to present the surveillance network's experience of exposure to benzene in gas stations, describing its components developed in the Unified Health System. It is a report and analysis of the experience of monitoring and its impact on the health of gas station workers in six Brazilian states. It presents the prospect of action, operated by the circulation of information, national meetings, discussions of specific strategies and shared experiences, methodologies and common tools. Inspection procedures, individual assessments and training are described. Risk situations and occupational and environmental exposure were identified in 1,311 gas stations and 564 workers were assessed. Forecourt attendants, superintendents and measuring, offloading and testing employees were all exposed. The integrated and complementary features of this surveillance, implemented in the occupational and environmental areas, suggest intervention in a broader and network-linked territory. The intervention would transcend fragmentation between individual and collective practices, services and education, becoming an example of action for assessment and mitigation of the impact on health workers, the articulation of action in health, the environment and intersectorial connection.

Salivary and microbiological parameters of chronic periodontitis subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study / Parâmetros salivares e microbiológicos em indivíduos com periodontite crônica com ou sem diabetes melito tipo 2: estudo caso-controle

Background: Several studies have investigated the differences in salivary parameters and microbial composition between diabetic and non-diabetic patients, however, specific differences are still not clear mainly due to the effects of confounder. Aim: The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the salivary and microbial parameters of chronic periodontitis subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and method: This case-control study included 60 chronic periodontitis subjects, 30 diabetics (case group) and 30 non-diabetics (control group), paired according to periodontitis severity, gender and age. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from all volunteers to measure the salivary pH and the salivary flow rate. Bacterial samples were collected with paper points from periodontal sites showing the deepest periodontal pocket depth associated with the highest clinical attachment loss. The frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and C. rectus was evaluated by PCR. Data was statistically analyzed by Student's t, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square (p<0.05). Result: Diabetic subjects showed higher salivary glucose levels and lower stimulated flow rates in comparison to non-diabetic controls. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were the most frequent pathogens (p<0.05). Bacterial frequency did not differ between case and control groups. Conclusion: Diabetes status influenced salivary glucose levels and flow rate. Within the same severity of chronic periodontitis, diabetic subjects did not show higher frequency of periodontal pathogens in comparison to their paired controls. .

Introdução : Diversos estudos têm investigado as diferenças dos parâmetros salivares e microbianos entre pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos, contudo, diferenças específicas ainda não estão claras, principalmente devido aos efeitos de variáveis de confusão. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo caso-controle foi avaliar os parâmetros salivares e microbianos de indivíduos com doença periodontal crônica com ou sem diagnóstico de diabetes melito tipo 2. Material e método: Este estudo caso-controle incluiu 60 indivíduos com periodontite crônica, 30 diabéticos (casos) e 30 não diabéticos (controles), pareados pela severidade da doença periodontal, gênero e idade. Saliva total estimulada foi coletada de todos os voluntários para mensuração do pH salivar e fluxo salivar. Amostras bacterianas foram coletadas com pontas de papel absorvente dos sítios periodontais com maior profundidade de sondagem e perda de inserção clínica. A frequência de A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia e C. rectus foi avaliada por PCR. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste t de Student, Mann -Whitney e Qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). Resultado: Diabéticos apresentaram maior nível de glicose salivar e menor fluxo salivar em comparação aos não diabéticos. P. gingivalis e T. forsythia foram os patógenos mais frequentes (p < 0,05). Frequência bacteriana não diferiu entre os casos e controles. Conclusão: A condição diabetes influenciou o fluxo e os níveis de glicose salivar. Dentro da mesma severidade da periodontite crônica, indivíduos diabéticos não mostraram maior frequência de patógenos periodontais em comparação aos seus controles. .

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infected individuals is associated with high levels of HTLV-1 proviral load.

BACKGROUND: A high HTLV-1 proviral load is found in HTLV-1-associated diseases, mainly HAM/TSP. However, the association between proviral load and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) has not been well established. AIM: To verify the association between KCS and HTLV-1 proviral load. STUDY DESIGN: 104 HTLV-1 infected patients (51 asymptomatic and 52 with HAM/TSP) from the HTLV reference center in Salvador, Brazil were followed from June 2008 to May 2010. Evaluation of tear secretion was performed by BUT (break-up time), Rose Bengal and Schirmer I tests. The diagnosis of KCS was based upon the presence of symptoms and when at least two of three tests were positive. HTLV-1 proviral load was determined using real-time PCR. RESULTS: The prevalence of KCS was 44.2%. KCS was more frequent among HAM/TSP patients (p = 0.022). Patients with KCS had higher proviral load (mean 134,672 ± 150,393copies/10(6) PBMC) than patients without the disease (mean 66,880 ± 109,525copies/10(6) PBMC) (p = 0.001). HTLV-1 proviral load>100,000copies/10(6) PBMC increased significantly the risk of developing KCS (OR = 4.05 and 95% CI = 1.40-11.76). After age>45 years and HAM/TSP status were excluded in stepway reward analysis, the variables PVL>100,000 (OR = 4.77 and 95% CI = 1.83-12.44) still remained statistically significant. CONCLUSION: HTLV-1 proviral loads are higher in patients with KCS and may represent a relevant biological marker of disease.

Analysis of accidents with organic material in health workers.

This retrospective and descriptive study with a quantitative design aimed to evaluate occupational accidents with exposure to biological material, as well as the profile of workers, based on reporting forms sent to the Regional Reference Center of Occupational Health in Florianópolis/SC. Data collection was carried out through a survey of 118 reporting forms in 2007. Data were analyzed electronically. The occurrence of accidents was predominantly among nursing technicians, women and the mean age was 34.5 years. 73% of accidents involved percutaneous exposure, 78% had blood and fluid with blood, 44.91% resulted from invasive procedures. It was concluded that strategies to prevent the occurrence of accidents with biological material should include joint activities between workers and service management and should be directed at improving work conditions and organization.

Analysis of accidents with organic material in health workers / Análise dos acidentes com material biológico em trabalhadores da saúde / Análisis de los accidentes con material biológico en trabajadores de la salud

This retrospective and descriptive study with a quantitative design aimed to evaluate occupational accidents with exposure to biological material, as well as the profile of workers, based on reporting forms sent to the Regional Reference Center of Occupational Health in Florianópolis/SC. Data collection was carried out through a survey of 118 reporting forms in 2007. Data were analyzed electronically. The occurrence of accidents was predominantly among nursing technicians, women and the mean age was 34.5 years. 73 percent of accidents involved percutaneous exposure, 78 percent had blood and fluid with blood, 44.91 percent resulted from invasive procedures. It was concluded that strategies to prevent the occurrence of accidents with biological material should include joint activities between workers and service management and should be directed at improving work conditions and organization.

Este é um estudo retrospectivo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, com o objetivo de conhecer os acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico e o perfil dos trabalhadores, a partir das fichas de notificação do Centro de Referência Regional em Saúde do Trabalhador da Macrorregião de Florianópolis. A coleta de dados foi realizada pelo levantamento das 118 fichas de notificação de 2007. Os dados foram analisados eletronicamente. Os acidentes ocorreram, predominantemente, entre os técnicos de enfermagem do sexo feminino e a idade média era de 34,5 anos. Dos acidentes, 73 por cento envolveram exposição percutânea, 78 por cento tiveram contato com sangue e/ou fluidos com sangue e 44,91 por cento decorreram de procedimentos invasivos. Conclui-se que as estratégias de prevenção à ocorrência dos acidentes de trabalho, com material biológico, devem incluir ações conjuntas, entre trabalhadores e gerência dos serviços, devendo estar voltadas às melhorias das condições e organização do trabalho.

Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo, cuyo objetivo fue conocer los accidentes de trabajo con exposición a material biológico y el perfil de los trabajadores, a partir de las fichas de notificación del Centro de Referencia Regional en Salud del Trabajador de la Macro Región de Florianópolis. La recolección de datos fue realizada por el levantamiento de las 118 fichas de notificación de 2007. Los datos fueron analizados electrónicamente. Los accidentes ocurrieron predominantemente entre los técnicos de enfermería del sexo femenino y edad promedio de 34,5 años; 73 por ciento de los accidentes envolvieron exposición percutánea; 78 por ciento tuvieron contacto con sangre y/o fluidos con sangre; 44,91 por ciento provinieron de procedimientos invasores. Se concluye que las estrategias de prevención a la ocurrencia de los accidentes de trabajo con material biológico deben incluir acciones conjuntas, entre trabajadores y gerencia de los servicios, debiendo estar dirigidas a mejorar las condiciones y organización del trabajo.

Ocular lesions in HTLV-1 infected patients from Salvador, State of Bahia: the city with the highest prevalence of this infection in Brazil / Lesões oculares em pacientes infectados pelo HTLV-1 em Salvador, Estado da Bahia: a cidade com maior prevalência desta infecção no Brasil

In order to determine the prevalence of ocular lesions in HTLV-1 infected patients in Salvador Bahia, a transversal study was conducted on 140 HTLV-1 infected patients (90 asymptomatic and 50 tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy) between June 2004 and November 2005. The ophthalmological examination included visual acuity measurement, ocular motility, biomicroscopy of the anterior and posterior chambers, intraocular pressure and evaluation of lachrymal secretion. Observation verified 4 (2.8 percent) out of 140 patients with uveitis (two patients had intermediate uveitis and two had pan-uveitis) and 39 (36.4 percent) out of 107 patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The prevalence of Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was significantly higher among the TSP/HAM patients (OR age adjusted=3.64; 95 percentCI 1.59-8.32). Uveitis and corneal opacities were also important findings, indicating the strong need for periodic ophthalmological follow-up in all HTLV-1 subjects.

Com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência de lesões oculares, em portadores de HTLV-1 em Salvador, Bahia, foi realizado um estudo transversal em 140 pacientes (90 assintomático e 50 com paraparesia espática tropical/mielopatia associada ao vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas) entre junho de 2004 e novembro de 2005. O exame oftalmológico incluiu medida da acuidade visual, exame da motilidade ocular, biomicroscopia anterior e posterior, pressão intraocular e avaliação do filme lacrimal. Observamos 4.0 (2.8 por cento) pacientes com uveites (dois com uveíte intermediária e dois com panuveíte) e 39 (36,4 por cento) pacientes com ceratoconjuntivite seca. A prevalência de Ceratoconjuntivite seca foi significantemente mais elevada entre os pacientes com TSP/HAM (RC ajustada para idade = 3,64; IC 95 por cento 1,59-8,32). As uveítes e opacidades corneanas foram também, patologias importantes, indicando a necessidade de acompanhamento oftalmológico periódico nos portadores de HTLV-1.

Ocular lesions in HTLV-1 infected patients from Salvador, State of Bahia: the city with the highest prevalence of this infection in Brazil.

In order to determine the prevalence of ocular lesions in HTLV-1 infected patients in Salvador Bahia, a transversal study was conducted on 140 HTLV-1 infected patients (90 asymptomatic and 50 tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy) between June 2004 and November 2005. The ophthalmological examination included visual acuity measurement, ocular motility, biomicroscopy of the anterior and posterior chambers, intraocular pressure and evaluation of lachrymal secretion. Observation verified 4 (2.8%) out of 140 patients with uveitis (two patients had intermediate uveitis and two had pan-uveitis) and 39 (36.4%) out of 107 patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The prevalence of Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was significantly higher among the TSP/HAM patients (OR age adjusted=3.64; 95%CI 1.59-8.32). Uveitis and corneal opacities were also important findings, indicating the strong need for periodic ophthalmological follow-up in all HTLV-1 subjects.

[Fraser syndrome: case report]. / Síndrome de Fraser: relato de caso.

Fraser syndrome is a systemic condition characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly and abnormal genitalia, which may be associated with urinary tract, ear, nose, larynx and skeletal abnormalities. Cryptophthalmos can be an isolated finding (that has been reported as an autosomal dominant trait) or associated with other congenital anomalies (reported as an autosomal recessive disorder). RMSA, female, 3 m.o., evaluated in the general clinic of the Instituto Brasileiro de Oftalmologia e Prevenção à Cegueira. Child of consanguineous parents. The same finding was observed in an uncle and one of her brothers. Her physical examination showed total unilateral cryptophthalmos (right side), depressed nasal bridge, low set ears, atresia of the external auditory canal, enlarged clitoris, prominent labia majora and syndactyly of the fingers and toes. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed renal agenesis (left side). Ocular ultrasonography showed a reduced anterior-posterior ocular diameter, anterior segment disorganization, absence of the lens and total retinal detachment in the right eye. The pathogenesis of cryptophthalmia has not as yet been determined, but consanguinity has been reported by many authors as a very important factor. Doctors should be attentive to the clinical findings and the correct diagnosis in order to offer these patients a thorough follow-up and realistic genetic counseling to their parents.

Síndrome de Fraser: relato de caso / Fraser syndrome: case report

A síndrome de Fraser é uma condição sistêmica caracterizada por criptoftalmo, sindactilia e anomalia da genitália, podendo ainda estar associada a alterações dos rins, do ouvido, do nariz, da laringe e do esqueleto. O criptoftalmo pode representar um achado isolado, relatado como herança autossômica dominante, ou associado a outras anomalias congênitas, relatado como herança autossômica recessiva. RMSA, sexo feminino, três meses, avaliada no ambulatório geral de oftalmologia do Instituto Brasileiro de Oftalmologia e Prevenção à Cegueira. Filha de pais consangüíneos. Genitora referia tio e irmão com a mesma alteração. Ao exame, foram observados criptoftalmo total à direita, nariz em sela, implantação baixa das orelhas, malformação de conduto auditivo, clitoromegalia, aumento de grandes lábios e sindactilia de mãos e pés. A ultra-sonografia (USG) abdominal evidenciou agenesia renal à esquerda. A USG ocular do olho direito mostrou diminuição do diâmetro ântero-posterior, desorganização do segmento anterior, afacia e descolamento total da retina. A patogênese da criptoftalmia ainda não foi determinada, mas a consangüinidade tem sido apontada por vários autores como fator de grande importância. Os médicos devem estar atentos para as manifestações clínicas e o diagnóstico preciso para que estes pacientes possam ser acompanhados por uma equipe multidisciplinar e os casais tenham o devido aconselhamento genético.

Fraser syndrome is a systemic condition characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly and abnormal genitalia, which may be associated with urinary tract, ear, nose, larynx and skeletal abnormalities. Cryptophthalmos can be an isolated finding (that has been reported as an autosomal dominant trait) or associated with other congenital anomalies (reported as an autosomal recessive disorder). RMSA, female, 3 m.o., evaluated in the general clinic of the Instituto Brasileiro de Oftalmologia e Prevenção à Cegueira. Child of consanguineous parents. The same finding was observed in an uncle and one of her brothers. Her physical examination showed total unilateral cryptophthalmos (right side), depressed nasal bridge, low set ears, atresia of the external auditory canal, enlarged clitoris, prominent labia majora and syndactyly of the fingers and toes. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed renal agenesis (left side). Ocular ultrasonography showed a reduced anterior-posterior ocular diameter, anterior segment disorganization, absence of the lens and total retinal detachment in the right eye. The pathogenesis of cryptophthalmia has not as yet been determined, but consanguinity has been reported by many authors as a very important factor. Doctors should be attentive to the clinical findings and the correct diagnosis in order to offer these patients a thorough follow-up and realistic genetic counseling to their parents.