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1.
Rev. esp. cir. ortop. traumatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 67(2): 134-138, Mar-Abr. 2023. ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-217112

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Despite the recognized importance of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) in rotational stability of the knee, some studies still deny its role and even its existence. We studied the prevalence of the ALL in a Caucasian population, as well as its characteristics and anatomical relationships. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 20 knees from 10 embalmed cadavers. A lateral approach, as described by Steven Claes, was used and the relations of the ALL with the lateral epicondyle, lateral inferior genicular artery, lateral meniscus, Gerdy's tubercle and fibular head were recorded. Its length and its width were also measured. Results: The ALL was identified in 16 knees. Its origin was at a distance inferior to 1mm posterior and proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle and insertion within a mean distance of 2.1±0.6mm from de tibial articular surface, 20.6±1.3mm from the Gerdy's tubercle and 20.3±1.2mm from the fibular head. In all cases ALL presented mutual fibers with the lateral meniscus. The length was 35.8±4.6mm and the width was 4.2±1.3/4.9±1.0/6.5±1.5mm at its proximal, middle and distal third, respectively. No difference was found between gender and the dimensions of the ligament. Conclusions: The ALL was found in 80% of the knees. Its origin is closely related to the lateral collateral ligament and its insertion is halfway between the fibular head and the Gerdy's tubercle. In all cases, we verified the connection between ALL and the lateral meniscus.(AU)


Introducción: Aunque ha sido reconocida la importancia del ligamento anterolateral (ALL) en la estabilidad rotacional de la rodilla, algunos estudios siguen negando su existencia. Estudiamos la prevalencia del ALL en una población caucásica, así como sus características y relaciones anatómicas. Métodos: El estudio se realizó en 20 rodillas de 10 cadáveres embalsamados. Se utilizó un abordaje lateral, como lo describe Steven Claes, y se registraron las relaciones del ALL con el epicóndilo lateral, la arteria genicular inferior lateral, el menisco lateral, el tubérculo de Gerdy y la cabeza del peroné. También se midió el ancho y el largo. Resultados: El ALL fue identificado en 16 rodillas. Su origen estaba a una distancia inferior a 1mm posterior y proximal al epicóndilo femoral lateral y su inserción a una distancia media de 2,1±0,6mm de la superficie articular tibial, 20,6±1,3mm de la tuberosidad de Gerdy y 20,3±1,2mm de la cabeza del peroné. En todos los casos se presentaban fibras mutuas con el menisco lateral. El largo fue de 35,8±4,6mm y el ancho fue de 4,2±1,3/4,9±1,0/6,5±1,5mm en su tercio proximal, medio y distal. Conclusiones: El ALL se encontró en el 80% de las rodillas. Su origen está íntimamente relacionado con el ligamento colateral lateral y su inserción se encuentra a media distancia entre la cabeza del peroné y el tubérculo de Gerdy. En todos los casos comprobamos la conexión entre el ALL y el menisco lateral.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cadaver , Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee , Knee/surgery , Dissection , Knee Injuries , Autopsy
2.
Rev. esp. cir. ortop. traumatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 67(2): T134-T138, Mar-Abr. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-217113

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Despite the recognized importance of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) in rotational stability of the knee, some studies still deny its role and even its existence. We studied the prevalence of the ALL in a Caucasian population, as well as its characteristics and anatomical relationships. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 20 knees from 10 embalmed cadavers. A lateral approach, as described by Steven Claes, was used and the relations of the ALL with the lateral epicondyle, lateral inferior genicular artery, lateral meniscus, Gerdy's tubercle and fibular head were recorded. Its length and its width were also measured. Results: The ALL was identified in 16 knees. Its origin was at a distance inferior to 1mm posterior and proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle and insertion within a mean distance of 2.1±0.6mm from de tibial articular surface, 20.6±1.3mm from the Gerdy's tubercle and 20.3±1.2mm from the fibular head. In all cases ALL presented mutual fibers with the lateral meniscus. The length was 35.8±4.6mm and the width was 4.2±1.3/4.9±1.0/6.5±1.5mm at its proximal, middle and distal third, respectively. No difference was found between gender and the dimensions of the ligament. Conclusions: The ALL was found in 80% of the knees. Its origin is closely related to the lateral collateral ligament and its insertion is halfway between the fibular head and the Gerdy's tubercle. In all cases, we verified the connection between ALL and the lateral meniscus.(AU)


Introducción: Aunque ha sido reconocida la importancia del ligamento anterolateral (ALL) en la estabilidad rotacional de la rodilla, algunos estudios siguen negando su existencia. Estudiamos la prevalencia del ALL en una población caucásica, así como sus características y relaciones anatómicas. Métodos: El estudio se realizó en 20 rodillas de 10 cadáveres embalsamados. Se utilizó un abordaje lateral, como lo describe Steven Claes, y se registraron las relaciones del ALL con el epicóndilo lateral, la arteria genicular inferior lateral, el menisco lateral, el tubérculo de Gerdy y la cabeza del peroné. También se midió el ancho y el largo. Resultados: El ALL fue identificado en 16 rodillas. Su origen estaba a una distancia inferior a 1mm posterior y proximal al epicóndilo femoral lateral y su inserción a una distancia media de 2,1±0,6mm de la superficie articular tibial, 20,6±1,3mm de la tuberosidad de Gerdy y 20,3±1,2mm de la cabeza del peroné. En todos los casos se presentaban fibras mutuas con el menisco lateral. El largo fue de 35,8±4,6mm y el ancho fue de 4,2±1,3/4,9±1,0/6,5±1,5mm en su tercio proximal, medio y distal. Conclusiones: El ALL se encontró en el 80% de las rodillas. Su origen está íntimamente relacionado con el ligamento colateral lateral y su inserción se encuentra a media distancia entre la cabeza del peroné y el tubérculo de Gerdy. En todos los casos comprobamos la conexión entre el ALL y el menisco lateral.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cadaver , Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee , Knee/surgery , Dissection , Knee Injuries , Autopsy
3.
Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol ; 67(2): 134-138, 2023.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35691577

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Despite the recognized importance of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) in rotational stability of the knee, some studies still deny its role and even its existence. We studied the prevalence of the ALL in a Caucasian population, as well as its characteristics and anatomical relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on 20 knees from 10 embalmed cadavers. A lateral approach, as described by Steven Claes, was used and the relations of the ALL with the lateral epicondyle, lateral inferior genicular artery, lateral meniscus, Gerdy's tubercle and fibular head were recorded. Its length and its width were also measured. RESULTS: The ALL was identified in 16 knees. Its origin was at a distance inferior to 1mm posterior and proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle and insertion within a mean distance of 2.1±0.6mm from de tibial articular surface, 20.6±1.3mm from the Gerdy's tubercle and 20.3±1.2mm from the fibular head. In all cases ALL presented mutual fibers with the lateral meniscus. The length was 35.8±4.6mm and the width was 4.2±1.3/4.9±1.0/6.5±1.5mm at its proximal, middle and distal third, respectively. No difference was found between gender and the dimensions of the ligament. CONCLUSIONS: The ALL was found in 80% of the knees. Its origin is closely related to the lateral collateral ligament and its insertion is halfway between the fibular head and the Gerdy's tubercle. In all cases, we verified the connection between ALL and the lateral meniscus.


Subject(s)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament , Knee Joint , Humans , Tibia , Menisci, Tibial , Cadaver , Ligaments, Articular
4.
Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol ; 67(2): T134-T138, 2023.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36528296

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Despite the recognized importance of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) in rotational stability of the knee, some studies still deny its role and even its existence. We studied the prevalence of the ALL in a Caucasian population, as well as its characteristics and anatomical relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on 20 knees from 10 embalmed cadavers. A lateral approach, as described by Steven Claes, was used and the relations of the ALL with the lateral epicondyle, lateral inferior genicular artery, lateral meniscus, Gerdy's tubercle and fibular head were recorded. Its length and its width were also measured. RESULTS: The ALL was identified in 16 knees. Its origin was at a distance inferior to 1mm posterior and proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle and insertion within a mean distance of 2.1±0.6mm from the tibial articular surface, 20.6±1.3mm from the Gerdy's tubercle and 20.3±1.2mm from the fibular head. In all cases ALL presented mutual fibers with the lateral meniscus. The length was 35.8±4.6mm and the width was 4.2±1.3/4.9±1.0/6.5±1.5mm at its proximal, middle and distal third, respectively. No difference was found between gender and the dimensions of the ligament. CONCLUSIONS: The ALL was found in 80% of the knees. Its origin is closely related to the lateral collateral ligament and its insertion is halfway between the fibular head and the Gerdy's tubercle. In all cases, we verified the connection between ALL and the lateral meniscus.


Subject(s)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament , Knee Joint , Humans , Tibia , Menisci, Tibial , Ligaments, Articular , Cadaver
5.
Morphologie ; 105(350): 204-209, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33642180

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: Knowledge of anatomical variations of the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) may minimize iatrogenic insults. The aim of the investigation was to perform an anatomical description of the SPN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three embalmed cadaver lower limbs were dissected. RESULTS: The SPN emerged from the crural fascia about 6.3±7.7mm anteromedial to the anterior border of the fibula and 26.8±12.6mm anteromedial and 113.6±43.9mm superior to the tip of the lateral malleolus. The median point of bifurcation into two terminal branches was 13.0mm anteromedial to the anterior border of the fibula and 34.9±14.7mm anteromedial and 81.0±69.0mm superior to the tip of the lateral malleolus. The SPN was found between 5.76% and 7.70% of the individual's height proximal to the tip of the lateral malleolus, with an unpredictable branching pattern over the intermalleolar line. CONCLUSION: A lateral ankle approach over the posterolateral surface of the fibula (posterior to the tip of the lateral malleolus) minimizes the risk of iatrogenic nerve lesion.


Subject(s)
Lower Extremity , Peroneal Nerve , Cadaver , Humans , Iatrogenic Disease/prevention & control , Peroneal Nerve/anatomy & histology
6.
J Pharm Anal ; 9(3): 143-155, 2019 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31297291

ABSTRACT

The development of biotechnology-based active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as GLP-1 analogs, brought changes in type 2 diabetes treatment options. For better therapeutic efficiency, these active pharmaceutical ingredients require appropriate administration, without the development of adverse effects or toxicity. Therefore, it is required to develop several quantification methods for GLP-1 analogs products, in order to achieve the therapeutic goals, among which ELISA and HPLC arise. These methods are developed, optimized and validated in order to determine GLP-1 analogs, not only in final formulation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, but also during preclinical and clinical trials assessment. This review highlights the role of ELISA and HPLC methods that have been used during the assessment for GLP-1 analogs, especially for exenatide.

7.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-753357

ABSTRACT

The development of biotechnology-based active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as GLP-1 analogs, brought changes in type 2 diabetes treatment options. For better therapeutic efficiency, these active pharmaceutical ingredients require appropriate administration, without the development of adverse effects or toxicity. Therefore, it is required to develop several quantification methods for GLP-1 analogs products, in order to achieve the therapeutic goals, among which ELISA and HPLC arise. These methods are developed, optimized and validated in order to determine GLP-1 analogs, not only in final formu-lation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, but also during preclinical and clinical trials assessment. This review highlights the role of ELISA and HPLC methods that have been used during the assessment for GLP-1 analogs, especially for exenatide.

9.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 33(2): 114-20, 1984.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-21748

ABSTRACT

Os autores relatam os resultados de um estudo de prevalencia de desordens mentais, em uma amostra probablilistica de 139 habitantes de uma area de baixa renda de Salvador - BA, na faixa etaria acima de 55 anos. Analisa-se a influencia de algumas variaveis demograficas e socio-economicas sobre a distribuicao da morbidade psiquiatrica na amostra, por meio de analise estratificada. Algumas discrepancias entre estes achados e nocoes correntes na literatura clinica da area sao identificadas e discutidas


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Aged , Mental Disorders , Brazil
10.
Bol. psiquiatr ; 16(3): 115-21, 1983.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-17317

ABSTRACT

O autor aprecia, a base das proprias reminiscencias, a evolucao da unidade psiquiatrica existente, ha cerca de 30 anos, no Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos, da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Comentando as limitacoes e as vantagens do servico de psiquiatria de hospital geral, enfatiza, com a experiencia citada, os beneficios do sistema, tanto para a assistencia aos pacientes, como para a formacao do medico e do psiquiatra


Subject(s)
Hospitals, General , Psychiatric Department, Hospital , Psychiatry , Brazil
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