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1.
Nutrients ; 15(10)2023 May 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37242181

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of cocoa flavanols and red berry anthocyanins on cardiovascular biomarkers, such as homocysteine, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), nitric oxide (NO), flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), blood pressure and lipid profile. Additionally, we aimed to ascertain their possible interactions with microbiota related metabolites, such as secondary bile acids (SBA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). A randomized, parallel-group study, single-blind for the research team, was performed on 60 healthy volunteers between the ages of 45 and 85, who consumed 2.5 g/day of cocoa powder (9.59 mg/day of total flavanols), 5 g/day of a red berry mixture (13.9 mg/day of total anthocyanins) or 7.5 g/day of a combination of both for 12 weeks. The group that had consumed cocoa showed a significant reduction in TMAO (p = 0.03) and uric acid (p = 0.01) levels in serum, accompanied by an increase in FMD values (p = 0.03) and total polyphenols. corrected by creatinine (p = 0.03) after the intervention. These latter values negatively correlated with the TMAO concentration (R = -0.57, p = 0.02). Additionally, we observed an increase in carbohydrate fermentation in the groups that had consumed cocoa (p = 0.04) and red berries (p = 0.04) between the beginning and the end of the intervention. This increase in carbohydrate fermentation was correlated with lower levels of TC/HDL ratio (p = 0.01), systolic (p = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.01). In conclusion, our study showed a positive modulation of microbiota metabolism after a regular intake of cocoa flavanols and red berry anthocyanins that led to an improvement in cardiovascular function, especially in the group that consumed cocoa.


Subject(s)
Cacao , Chocolate , Healthy Aging , Microbiota , Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Fruit , Anthocyanins/pharmacology , Single-Blind Method , Blood Pressure , Polyphenols/pharmacology , Biomarkers
2.
Nutrients ; 14(1)2021 Dec 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35010877

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, the elderly population has increased at higher rates than any other population group, resulting in an increase in age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative and cognitive impairment. To address this global health problem, it is necessary to search for new dietary strategies that can prevent the main neurocognitive problems associated with the ageing process. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of cocoa flavanols and red berry anthocyanins on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-R) and to stablish the possible improvement in cognitive performance by using a battery of neurocognitive tests that included the Verbal Learning Test Spain-Complutense, the Spatial Recall Test 10/36 BRB-N, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III and IV, the STROOP Task and the Tower of London Test. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study was performed in 60 healthy volunteers between 50 and 75 years old who consumed a cocoa powder, a red berries mixture or a combination of both for 12 weeks. After the intervention, we observed a reduction in the time needed to start (p = 0.031) and finish (p = 0.018) the neurocognitive test known as the Tower of London in all groups, but the decrease in time to finish the task was more pronounced in the intervention with the combination of cocoa-red berries group. We failed to show any significant difference in BDNF and NGF-R sera levels. However we found a negative correlation between BDNF and the number of movements required to finish the TOL in women (p = 0.044). In conclusion, our study showed an improvement in executive function, without any change in neurotrofin levels, for all intervention arms.


Subject(s)
Anthocyanins/pharmacology , Cacao/chemistry , Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control , Flavonols/pharmacology , Fruit/chemistry , Aged , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood , Cognition , Cognitive Dysfunction/blood , Double-Blind Method , Executive Function/drug effects , Female , Humans , Intelligence Tests , Male , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests , Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/blood , Spain
5.
Farm. hosp ; 41(2): 169-186, mar.-abr. 2017. graf, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-160948

ABSTRACT

Objective: The main objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of protocol use of palivizumab in premature established by consensus in our Hospital comparing it based on the recommendations of various Scientific Societies. As a secondary objective risk factors and severity of hospitalized patients attending the established protocol in our Hospital were analyzed. Methods: The study period was 4 seasons with the expanded protocol (retrospective data) versus 2 with restricted or agreed protocol (prospective data). The perspective of the study was the Health System, including the costs of hospitalization and palivizumab our center. The calculation of the effectiveness was determined with the admission rate of premature patients stratified by weeks of gestational age <29, <32; and < 35. For the analysis of risk factors and severity in patients admitted seasons with the new protocol are collected prospectively clinical data and environmental and social factors. Results: In the range of gestational age< 29 years old and < 32 greater effectiveness of the extended protocol was not demonstrated against the consensus. Only more effective for EG < 35 35 in the accumulated data and comparing seasons 12/13 and 08/09 to 13/14 for individual data was observed. This range has an associated incremental cost effectiveness ratio of €53250,07 (range: €14793,39 to €90446,47 for singles data and €50525,53 (€28688.22 to €211575,65) for accumulated. The establishment of this protocol in our center meant an average saving per season €169911,51. A cost-effectiveness of the extended protocol appropriate relationship is found if the cost of palivizumab per patient was less than €1206,67 (calculated for maximum use of the vial) and a higher rate of hospitalization of 9.21%. Children entering the season with the new protocol (season 12/13 and 13/14) are 63.4% in children under 3 months and 90% are term infants who do not belong to any population at risk, while many of them have associated risk factors you vary as have school-age siblings, rural residence, parental smoking, poor educational background of parents, lack of artificial feeding and family history of allergy. Conclusions: The consensus protocol has not been a significant increase in hospitalization rates in preterm infants (AU)


Objetivo: El objetivo principal fue evaluar el coste-efectividad del protocolo de uso de palivizumab en prematuros instaurado por consenso en nuestro hospital comparándolo con el basado en las recomendaciones de diferentes sociedades científicas. Como objetivo secundario se analizaron los factores de riesgo y gravedad de los pacientes hospitalizados atendiendo al protocolo establecido en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: El periodo de estudio fue de cuatro temporadas con el protocolo ampliado (datos retrospectivos) frente a dos con el protocolo restringido o consensuado (datos prospectivos). La perspectiva del estudio fue la del sistema sanitario, incluyendo los costes de hospitalización y del palivizumab en nuestro centro. El cálculo de la efectividad se determinó con la tasa de ingresos de pacientes prematuros estratificados por semanas de edad gestacional: < de 29, <32 y < 35. Para el análisis de los factores de riesgo y gravedad en pacientes ingresados en las temporadas con el nuevo protocolo se recogen, de forma prospectiva, datos clínicos y factores ambientales y sociales. Resultados: En los estratos de edad gestacional <29 y <32 no se demostró una mayor efectividad del protocolo ampliado frente al consensuado. Solamente se objetivó una mayor efectividad para EG <35 en los datos acumulados y al comparar las temporadas 08/09 con la 12/13 y 13/14 para datos individuales. Este estrato lleva asociado un cociente coste eficacia incremental de 53.250,07€ (rango: 14.793,39€ a 90.446,47€ para los datos individuales y 50.525,53€ (28.688,22€ a 211.575,65€) para los acumulados. La instauración de este protocolo en nuestro centro supuso un ahorro medio por temporada de 169.911,51€. Se constata una relación coste-efectividad adecuada del protocolo ampliado si el coste del palivizumab por paciente fuese menor de 1.206,67€ (calculados para el máximo aprovechamiento del vial) y para una tasa de hospitalización mayor de 9,21%. Los niños que ingresan en las temporadas con el nuevo protocolo (temporada 12/13 y 13/14) son en un 63,4% niños menores de 3 meses y el 90% son neonatos a término que no pertenecen a ninguna población de riesgo, mientras que muchos de ellos tienen asociados varías factores de riesgo como tener hermanos en edad escolar, residencia rural, padres fumadores, escasa formación académica de los progenitores, ausencia de lactancia artificial e historia familiar de alergia. Conclusiones: El protocolo consensuado no ha supuesto un aumento significativo en las tasas de hospitalización en los pacientes prematuros < 32 semanas de EG. En aquellos <35 se ha observado una mayor tasa de hospitalización, con una relación coste-efectividad muy desfavorable para todos los escenarios clínicos valorados (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Palivizumab/therapeutic use , Premature Birth/drug therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control , Cost Efficiency Analysis , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Case-Control Studies , Clinical Protocols , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Treatment Outcome , Bronchiolitis/drug therapy , Severity of Illness Index
6.
Farm Hosp ; 41(2): 169-186, 2017 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28236796

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of protocol use of palivizumab in premature established by consensus in our Hospital comparing it based on the recommendations of various Scientific Societies. As a secondary objective risk factors and severity of hospitalized patients attending the established protocol in our Hospital were analyzed. METHODS: The study period was 4 seasons with the expanded protocol (retrospective data) versus 2 with restricted or agreed protocol (prospective data). The perspective of the study was the Health System, including the costs of hospitalization and palivizumab our center. The calculation of the effectiveness was determined with the admission rate of premature patients stratified by weeks of gestational age <29, <32; and <35. For the analysis of risk factors and severity in patients admitted seasons with the new protocol are collected prospectively clinical data and environmental and social factors. RESULTS: In the range of gestational age <29 years old and <32 greater effectiveness of the extended protocol was not demonstrated against the consensus. Only more effective for EG <35 in the accumulated data and comparing seasons 12/13 and 08/09 to 13/14 for individual data was observed. This range has an associated incremental cost effectiveness ratio of € 53 250,07 (range: € 14 793,39 to € 90 446,47 for singles data and € 50 525,53 (€ 28 688.22 to € 211 575,65) for accumulated. The establishment of this protocol in our center meant an average saving per season € 169 911,51. A cost-effectiveness of the extended protocol appropriate relationship is found if the cost of palivizumab per patient was less than € 1 206,67 (calculated for maximum use of the vial) and a higher rate of hospitalization of 9.21%. Children entering the season with the new protocol (season 12/13 and 13/14) are 63.4% in children under 3 months and 90% are term infants who do not belong to any population at risk, while many of them have associated risk factors you vary as have school-age siblings, rural residence, parental smoking, poor educational background of parents, lack of artificial feeding and family history of allergy. CONCLUSIONS: The consensus protocol has not been a significant increase in hospitalization rates in preterm infants <32 weeks gestational age patients. In those <35 has been observed a higher rate of hospitalization, with a very unfavorable cost-effectiveness for all clinical scenarios valued relationship.


Objetivo: El objetivo principal fue evaluar el coste-efectividad del protocolo de uso de palivizumab en prematuros instaurado por consenso en nuestro hospital comparándolo con el basado en las recomendaciones de diferentes sociedades científicas. Como objetivo secundario se analizaron los factores de riesgo y gravedad de los pacientes hospitalizados atendiendo al protocolo establecido en nuestro centro.Material y métodos: El periodo de estudio fue de cuatro temporadas con el protocolo ampliado (datos retrospectivos) frente a dos con el protocolo restringido o consensuado (datos prospectivos). La perspectiva del estudio fue la del sistema sanitario, incluyendo los costes de hospitalización y del palivizumab en nuestro centro. El cálculo de la efectividad se determinó con la tasa de ingresos de pacientes prematuros estratificados por semanas de edad gestacional: < de 29, <32 y <35. Para el análisis de los factores de riesgo y gravedad en pacientes ingresados en las temporadas con el nuevo protocolo se recogen, de forma prospectiva, datos clínicos y factores ambientales y sociales. Resultados: En los estratos de edad gestacional <29 y <32 no se demostró una mayor efectividad del protocolo ampliado frente al consensuado. Solamente se objetivó una mayor efectividad para EG<35 en los datos acumulados y al comparar las temporadas 08/09 con la 12/13 y 13/14 para datos individuales. Este estrato lleva asociado un cociente coste eficacia incremental de 53.250,07 € (rango: 14.793,39 € a 90.446,47 € para los datos individuales y 50.525,53 € (28.688,22 € a 211.575,65 €) para los acumulados. La instauración de este protocolo en nuestro centro supuso un ahorro medio por temporada de 169.911,51 €. Se constata una relación coste-efectividad adecuada del protocolo ampliado si el coste del palivizumab por paciente fuese menor de 1.206,67 € (calculados para el máximo aprovechamiento del vial) y para una tasa de hospitalización mayor de 9,21%. Los niños que ingresan en las temporadas con el nuevo protocolo (temporada 12/13 y 13/14) son en un 63,4% niños menores de 3 meses y el 90% son neonatos a término que no pertenecen a ninguna población de riesgo, mientras que muchos de ellos tienen asociados varías factores de riesgo como tener hermanos en edad escolar, residencia rural, padres fumadores, escasa formación académica de los progenitores, ausencia de lactancia artificial e historia familiar de alergia.Conclusiones: El protocolo consensuado no ha supuesto un aumento significativo en las tasas de hospitalización en los pacientes prematuros <32 semanas de EG. En aquellos <35 se ha observado una mayor tasa de hospitalización, con una relación coste-efectividad muy desfavorable para todos los escenarios clínicos valorados.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchiolitis/etiology , Bronchiolitis/prevention & control , Palivizumab/therapeutic use , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/complications , Antiviral Agents/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Male , Palivizumab/economics , Retrospective Studies
9.
Contemp Clin Trials Commun ; 4: 46-51, 2016 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29736469

ABSTRACT

Preclinical studies and small clinical trials suggest that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) may have a positive effect on ventricular function. Liraglutide is a GLP1-analogue used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. LIPER2 is a phase IV, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design trial, assessing the effect of 6 months' liraglutide 1.8 mg/d on measures of cardiac function and physical performance in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes will be included, if their HbA1c is between 7 and 10% while on oral agents (including metformin if tolerated and not contraindicated), a maximum of 2 intermediate or long-acting insulin injections per day or a combination of both. After their baseline examinations, patients are randomised to receive a daily subcutaneous liraglutide or placebo injection (titrated to 1.8 mg/d if tolerated) for 6 months. The primary end-point is the maximal oxygen consumption during cycle ergometry at the end of the study period. Other end-points include distance covered during a 6-min walk test, left ventricular ejection fraction and other measures of ventricular systolic and diastolic functions assessed by echocardiography, heart rate, blood pressure, pro-brain natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, HbA1c, lipids, apolipoprotein B, body weight and waist girth. Safety end-points include adverse event reporting, blood count, kidney and liver function, amylase, lipase, electrolytes, calcitonin, CA19.9 and pregnancy test for fertile women. At the time of this report, recruitment is still ongoing. Results are expected to be reported in December 2016.

10.
Rev cienc méd pinar río ; 12(2)ene. 2009. graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-38403

ABSTRACT

Se estudió la presión arterial en una muestra de adolescentes del sexo femenino, sanas, con edades comprendidas entre doce y catorce años. Se determinó la condición de las muchachas con respecto a la menarquia. El objetivo de la investigación fue confirmar la conocida asociación inversa entre el peso al nacimiento y la presión arterial, estudiar la asociación entre el peso al nacimiento y la edad de la menarquia y poner a prueba una hipótesis sobre el tamaño relativo del riñón con respecto al volumen corporal y su asociación con las cifras de presión arterial. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal a dicha muestra. Los resultados evidenciaron que las adolescentes que tienen menarquia más temprana tienen cifras más altas de tensión arterial y mayor índice de masa corporal. Un indicador alométrico de la relación entre el volumen renal y el índice de masa corporal también se encuentra disminuido en este grupo de muchachas. En las adolescentes que nacieron con peso insuficiente, la menarquia ocurre, en promedio, casi un año antes que en las que nacieron con peso normal. Se concluye que el peso insuficiente al nacimiento favorece, bajo ciertas condiciones, un adelanto en los eventos puberales, lo cual se acompaña de reacciones adaptativas en el organismo, se determinó que existe correlación significativa entre estas variables con una p=0,014. Esta cadena de sucesos contribuye a un incremento en las cifras de prensión arterial...(AU)


Blood pressure was studied in a sample of 12-14-year-old healthy female adolescents, determining the condition of their menarche. The aim of the present research is to prove the known inverse association between the body weight at birth and blood pressure, to study the association between the body weight at birth and the age of the menarche and to prove a hypothesis on the relative size of the kidney with respect to the body volume and its association with the counts of the blood pressure. A descriptive observational and cross sectional study was performed in the sample. Results showed that adolescents with earlier menarche have higher counts of blood pressure as well as a greater body mass index. An alometric index in the relationship between the renal volume and the body mass index is also decreased in this group of adolescents. In those born with a low body weight, menarche appears almost a year before than in those born with a normal body weight. It is concluded that the low body weight at birth is in favour of , under some circumstances, an increase of the pubertal events, being accompanied by adaptative reactions in the economy, it was also determined that there is a significant correlation among these variables (p =0,014). This chain of events leads to an increase of blood pressure counts...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Arterial Pressure , Menarche
11.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 12(2): 150-160, jul.-dic. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-739436

ABSTRACT

Se estudió la presión arterial en una muestra de adolescentes del sexo femenino, sanas, con edades comprendidas entre doce y catorce años. Se determinó la condición de las muchachas con respecto a la menarquia. El objetivo de la investigación fue confirmar la conocida asociación inversa entre el peso al nacimiento y la presión arterial, estudiar la asociación entre el peso al nacimiento y la edad de la menarquia y poner a prueba una hipótesis sobre el tamaño relativo del riñón con respecto al volumen corporal y su asociación con las cifras de presión arterial. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal a dicha muestra. Los resultados evidenciaron que las adolescentes que tienen menarquia más temprana tienen cifras más altas de tensión arterial y mayor índice de masa corporal. Un indicador alométrico de la relación entre el volumen renal y el índice de masa corporal también se encuentra disminuido en este grupo de muchachas. En las adolescentes que nacieron con peso insuficiente, la menarquia ocurre, en promedio, casi un año antes que en las que nacieron con peso normal. Se concluye que el peso insuficiente al nacimiento favorece, bajo ciertas condiciones, un adelanto en los eventos puberales, lo cual se acompaña de reacciones adaptativas en el organismo, se determinó que existe correlación significativa entre estas variables con una p=0.014. Esta cadena de sucesos contribuye a un incremento en las cifras de prensión arterial.


Blood pressure was studied in a sample of 12-14-year-old healthy female adolescents, determining the condition of their menarche. The aim of the present research is to prove the known inverse association between the body weight at birth and blood pressure, to study the association between the body weight at birth and the age of the menarche and to prove a hypothesis on the relative size of the kidney with respect to the body volume and its association with the counts of the blood pressure. A descriptive observational and cross sectional study was performed in the sample. Results showed that adolescents with earlier menarche have higher counts of blood pressure as well as a greater body mass index. An alometric index in the relationship between the renal volume and the body mass index is also decreased in this group of adolescents. In those born with a low body weight, menarche appears almost a year before than in those born with a normal body weight. It is concluded that the low body weight at birth is in favour of , under some circumstances, an increase of the pubertal events, being accompanied by adaptative reactions in the economy, it was also determined that there is a significant correlation among these variables (p =0.014). This chain of events leads to an increase of blood pressure counts.

12.
Rev cienc méd pinar río ; 11(2/2)feb. 2008.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-35765

ABSTRACT

Los cambios en la educación superior, y en especial en la carrera de Medicina, han complejizado el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje en la misma. Muchos estudiantes carecen de las herramientas necesarias para enfrentar las nuevas condiciones de aprendizaje. El claustro de profesores, en ocasiones insuficiente en cantidad, e inexperimentado pedagógicamente, está en la obligación de garantizar un proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje a la altura de las necesidades institucionales y sociales, lo que implica además preparar al alumno para las demandantes condiciones de la universalización de la enseñanza. Este trabajo pretende ofrecer los rudimentos que permitirían desarrollar un entrenamiento de estrategias de aprendizaje para alumnos que cursan las asignaturas del Área Básica de la Carrera de Medicina de la Facultad de Medicina Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna de Pinar del Río. Contiene una taxonomía de estrategias de aprendizaje que podrían ser entrenadas, considerando áreas tales como la solución de tareas, la recepción, el procesamiento, la comunicación, y la memorización de la información. Constituye el primer acercamiento de la carrera de Medicina, a un proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje estratégico (AU)


The changes in the Higher Education, particularly in the Medicine major, have complicated the teaching-learning process in this major. Many students are lacking the tools the need to face the new conditions of the learning process. The teaching staff, occasionally not sufficient and pedagogically unexpert, should warrant a teaching-learning process according to the institutional and social needs, which implies to prepare the student for the conditions required for the universalization of teaching too. This work is intended to provide the methods which allow to develop a learning strategy training for students in the basic area of Medicine major at “Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna” Medical School in Pinar del Río. It contains a taxonomy of learning, strategies which would be trained, considering areas such as the soluti9on of the tasks, the reception, the process, the communication and the memorization of the information. It represents the first contact of the Medicine major to a strategic teaching-learning process (AU)


Subject(s)
Learning , Schools, Medical
13.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 11(3): 178-188, jul.-sep. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-739480

ABSTRACT

Los cambios en la educación superior, y en especial en la carrera de Medicina, han complejizado el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje en la misma. Muchos estudiantes carecen de las herramientas necesarias para enfrentar las nuevas condiciones de aprendizaje. El claustro de profesores, en ocasiones insuficiente en cantidad, e inexperimentado pedagógicamente, está en la obligación de garantizar un proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje a la altura de las necesidades institucionales y sociales, lo que implica además preparar al alumno para las demandantes condiciones de la universalización de la enseñanza. Este trabajo pretende ofrecer los rudimentos que permitirían desarrollar un entrenamiento de estrategias de aprendizaje para alumnos que cursan las asignaturas del Área Básica de la Carrera de Medicina de la Facultad de Medicina Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna de Pinar del Río. Contiene una taxonomía de estrategias de aprendizaje que podrían ser entrenadas, considerando áreas tales como la solución de tareas, la recepción, el procesamiento, la comunicación, y la memorización de la información. Constituye el primer acercamiento de la carrera de Medicina, a un proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje estratégico.


The changes in the Higher Education, particularly in the Medicine major, have complicated the teaching-learning process in this major. Many students are lacking the tools the need to face the new conditions of the learning process. The teaching staff, occasionally not sufficient and pedagogically unexpert, should warrant a teaching-learning process according to the institutional and social needs, which implies to prepare the student for the conditions required for the universalization of teaching too. This work is intended to provide the methods which allow to develop a learning strategy training for students in the basic area of Medicine major at "Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna" Medical School in Pinar del Río. It contains a taxonomy of learning, strategies which would be trained, considering areas such as the soluti9on of the tasks, the reception, the process, the communication and the memorization of the information. It represents the first contact of the Medicine major to a strategic teaching-learning process.

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