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1.
Lasers Med Sci ; 39(1): 109, 2024 Apr 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38649643

ABSTRACT

Necrosis is common in skin flap surgeries. Photobiomodulation, a noninvasive and effective technique, holds the potential to enhance microcirculation and neovascularization. As such, it has emerged as a viable approach for mitigating the occurrence of skin flap necrosis. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific literature considering the use of photobiomodulation to increase skin-flap viability. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), was used to conducted systematic literature search in the databases PubMed, SCOPUS, Elsevier and, Scielo on June 2023. Included studies investigated skin-flap necrosis employing PBMT irradiation as a treatment and, at least one quantitative measure of skin-flap necrosis in any animal model. Twenty-five studies were selected from 54 original articles that addressed PBMT with low-level laser (LLL) or light-emitting diode (LED) in agreement with the qualifying requirements. Laser parameters varied markedly across studies. In the selected studies, the low-level laser in the visible red spectrum was the most frequently utilized PBMT, although the LED PBMT showed a similar improvement in skin-flap necrosis. Ninety percent of the studies assessing the outcomes of the effects of PBMT reported smaller areas of necrosis in skin flap. Studies have consistently demonstrated the ability of PBMT to improve skin flap viability in animal models. Evidence suggests that PBMT, through enhancing angiogenesis, vascular density, mast cells, and VEGF, is an effective therapy for decrease necrotic tissue in skin flap surgery.


Subject(s)
Low-Level Light Therapy , Necrosis , Surgical Flaps , Animals , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Skin/radiation effects , Skin/blood supply , Surgical Flaps/blood supply
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 121(7): e2315069121, 2024 Feb 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38315851

ABSTRACT

A key step in drug discovery, common to many disease areas, is preclinical demonstration of efficacy in a mouse model of disease. However, this demonstration and its translation to the clinic can be impeded by mouse-specific pathways of drug metabolism. Here, we show that a mouse line extensively humanized for the cytochrome P450 gene superfamily ("8HUM") can circumvent these problems. The pharmacokinetics, metabolite profiles, and magnitude of drug-drug interactions of a test set of approved medicines were in much closer alignment with clinical observations than in wild-type mice. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leishmania donovani, and Trypanosoma cruzi was well tolerated in 8HUM, permitting efficacy assessment. During such assessments, mouse-specific metabolic liabilities were bypassed while the impact of clinically relevant active metabolites and DDI on efficacy were well captured. Removal of species differences in metabolism by replacement of wild-type mice with 8HUM therefore reduces compound attrition while improving clinical translation, accelerating drug discovery.


Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases , Drug Discovery , Mice , Animals , Drug Interactions , Disease Models, Animal , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Acceleration
3.
Cult. cuid ; 27(67): 355-374, Dic 11, 2023. ilus
Article in Portuguese | IBECS | ID: ibc-228591

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to analyze Madeleine Leininger's Theory of Diversity and Universality of Cultural Care. It is a study of interpretive analysis based on the model of theory evaluation proposed by Johnson, carried out in the months of January and February 2022. It is confirmed that Leininger's theory has theoretical consistency and the ability to contribute to practical, scientific and nursing profession. The theory is presented as easy to understand, with accessible and clear language, and presents well-defined concepts that stimulate the formulation of propositions. It presents further variations and assumptions that contribute to the interpretation and understanding of the propositions, as well as theoretical knowledge that helps to explain and make predictions about two phenomena o interest in the disease. To analyze it is possible to show Leininger's theory to theoretical consistency and to the capacity to contribute to nursing practice. The relevance of the application of nursing hairs in various contexts of care is highlighted for the scope of care that is culturally and consistently guided by the context and the needs of two individuals.(AU)


Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la Teoría de la Diversidad y Universalidad del Cuidado Cultural de Madeleine Leininger. Se trata de un estudio de análisis interpretativo basado en el modelo de evaluación de la teoría propuesto por Johnson, realizado en enero y febrero de 2022. Se constató que la teoría de Leininger tiene consistencia teórica y capacidad de contribuir a la práctica, la ciencia y la profesión de enfermería. La teoría es de fácil comprensión, con un lenguaje accesible y claro, y presenta conceptos bien definidos que estimulan la formulación de proposiciones. También presenta variables y supuestos que contribuyen a la interpretación y comprensión de proposiciones, así como conocimientos teóricos que ayudan a explicar y hacer predicciones sobre los fenómenos de interés para la enfermería. El análisis permitió evidenciar en la teoría de Leininger la consistencia teórica y la capacidad de contribuir a la práctica de enfermería. Se destaca la relevancia de la aplicación de los enfermeros en diferentes contextos de trabajo para lograr un cuidado guiado cultural y congruentemente con el contexto y las necesidades de los individuos.(AU)


Este estudo objetivou analisar a Teoria da Diversidade e Universalidade do Cuidado Cultural de Madeleine Leininger. Tratase de um estudo de análise interpretativa baseado no modelo de avaliação de teorias proposto por Johnson, realizado nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2022. Constatouse que a teoria de Leininger possui consistência teórica e capacidade de contribuir para a prática, ciência e profissão de enfermagem. A teoria se apresenta de fácil compreensão, com linguagem acessível e clara, e apresenta conceitos bem delimitados que estimulam a formulação de proposições. Apresenta ainda variáveis e suposições que contribuem para a interpretação e compreensão das proposições, assim como conhecimento teórico que auxilia a explicar e fazer predições acerca dos fenômenos de interesse da enfermagem. A análise possibilitou evidenciar na teoria de Leininger a consistência teórica e a capacidade de contribuir para a prática de enfermagem. Destacase a relevância da aplicação da pelos enfermeiros em diversos contextos de atuação para o alcance de um cuidado culturalmente e congruentemente pautado no contexto e nas necessidades dos indivíduos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nursing Theory , Universalization of Health , Nursing , Nursing Care , Transcultural Nursing , Culturally Competent Care
4.
mBio ; : e0180323, 2023 Nov 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37929970

ABSTRACT

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease endemic across multiple regions of the world and is fatal if untreated. New therapeutic options with diverse mechanisms of actions (MoAs) are required to consolidate progress toward control of this disease and combat drug resistance. Here, we describe the development of a scalable resistance library screen (RES-Seq) as a tool to facilitate the identification and prioritization of anti-leishmanial compounds acting via novel MoA. We have amassed a large collection of Leishmania donovani cell lines resistant to frontline drugs and compounds in the VL pipeline, with resistance-conferring mutations fully characterized. New phenotypic hits screened against this highly curated panel of resistant lines can determine cross-resistance and potentially shared MoA. The ability to efficiently identify compounds acting via previously established MoA is vital to maintain diversity within drug development portfolios. To expedite screening, short identifier DNA barcodes were introduced into resistant clones enabling pooling and simultaneous screening of multiple cell lines. Illumina sequencing of barcodes enables the growth kinetics and relative fitness of multiple cell lines under compound selection to be tracked. Optimal conditions allowing discrimination of resistant and sensitive clones were established (3× and 10× EC50 for 3 days) and applied to screening of a complex library with VL preclinical and clinical drug candidates. RES-Seq is set to play an important role in ensuring that anti-leishmanial compounds exploiting diverse mechanisms of action are developed, ultimately providing options for future drug combination strategies.IMPORTANCEVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains the third largest parasitic killer worldwide, responsible for 20,000-30,000 deaths each year. Control and ultimate elimination of VL will require a range of therapeutic options with diverse mechanisms of action to combat drug resistance. One approach to ensure that compounds in development exploit diverse mechanisms of action is to screen them against highly curated cell lines resistant to drugs already in the VL pipeline. The identification of cross-resistant cell lines indicates that test compounds are likely acting via previously established mechanisms. Current cross-resistance screens are limited by the requirement to profile individual resistant cell lines one at a time. Here, we introduce unique DNA barcodes into multiple resistant cell lines to facilitate parallel profiling. Utilizing the power of Illumina sequencing, growth kinetics and relative fitness under compound selection can be monitored revolutionizing our ability to identify and prioritize compounds acting via novel mechanisms.

5.
J Med Chem ; 66(15): 10413-10431, 2023 08 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37506194

ABSTRACT

There is an urgent need for new treatments for Chagas disease, a parasitic infection which mostly impacts South and Central America. We previously reported on the discovery of GSK3494245/DDD01305143, a preclinical candidate for visceral leishmaniasis which acted through inhibition of the Leishmania proteasome. A related analogue, active against Trypanosoma cruzi, showed suboptimal efficacy in an animal model of Chagas disease, so alternative proteasome inhibitors were investigated. Screening a library of phenotypically active analogues against the T. cruzi proteasome identified an active, selective pyridazinone, the development of which is described herein. We obtained a cryo-EM co-structure of proteasome and a key inhibitor and used this to drive optimization of the compounds. Alongside this, optimization of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties afforded a suitable compound for mouse efficacy studies. The outcome of these studies is discussed, alongside future plans to further understand the series and its potential to deliver a new treatment for Chagas disease.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Trypanocidal Agents , Trypanosoma cruzi , Mice , Animals , Proteasome Inhibitors/pharmacology , Proteasome Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/drug therapy , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Trypanocidal Agents/chemistry
6.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 76(1): e20220247, 2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36722649

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the decentralization process of care for People Living with HIV in Primary Health Care. METHOD: Methodological study, developed in four stages: elaboration of the logical model based on the triad Structure-Process-Outcomes; development of the instrument; content validation by expert judges and technical reviewers; and semantic validation. Online questionnaires were used, and the Kappa index was used for analysis. RESULTS: The instrument with 68 items and 8 factors was submitted to validation by expert judges who recommended the exclusion of 3 items and the alteration of 2 factors. In the validation by technical reviewers, 2 items were excluded and 6 factors were highlighted; the agreement index was ≥0.75. In the semantic validation, 87.3% of the judges answered "totally agree" for the items presented. CONCLUSION: The instrument is validated for its content, has 63 items and has the potential to assess the care provided for people living with HIV in Primary Health Care.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Primary Health Care , Humans , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/therapy
7.
Microb Cell ; 10(2): 18-35, 2023 Feb 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36789350

ABSTRACT

The surface proteins of parasitic protozoa mediate functions essential to survival within a host, including nutrient accumulation, environmental sensing and immune evasion. Several receptors involved in nutrient uptake and defence from the innate immune response have been described in African trypanosomes and, together with antigenic variation, contribute towards persistence within vertebrate hosts. Significantly, a superfamily of invariant surface glycoproteins (ISGs) populates the trypanosome surface, one of which, ISG75, is implicated in uptake of the century-old drug suramin. By CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and biophysical analysis, we show here that ISG75 directly binds suramin and mediates uptake of additional naphthol-related compounds, making ISG75 a conduit for entry of at least one structural class of trypanocidal compounds. However, ISG75 null cells present only modest attenuation of suramin sensitivity, have unaltered viability in vivo and in vitro and no alteration to suramin-invoked proteome responses. While ISG75 is demonstrated as a valid suramin cell entry pathway, we suggest the presence of additional mechanisms for suramin accumulation, further demonstrating the complexity of trypanosomatid drug interactions and potential for evolution of resistance.

8.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 76(1): e20220247, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1423156

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the decentralization process of care for People Living with HIV in Primary Health Care. Method: Methodological study, developed in four stages: elaboration of the logical model based on the triad Structure-Process-Outcomes; development of the instrument; content validation by expert judges and technical reviewers; and semantic validation. Online questionnaires were used, and the Kappa index was used for analysis. Results: The instrument with 68 items and 8 factors was submitted to validation by expert judges who recommended the exclusion of 3 items and the alteration of 2 factors. In the validation by technical reviewers, 2 items were excluded and 6 factors were highlighted; the agreement index was ≥0.75. In the semantic validation, 87.3% of the judges answered "totally agree" for the items presented. Conclusion: The instrument is validated for its content, has 63 items and has the potential to assess the care provided for people living with HIV in Primary Health Care.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar un instrumento para la evaluación del proceso de descentralización de la atención a personas conviviendo con VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Es un estudio metodológico desarrollado en cuatro etapas: elaboración del modelo lógico basado en la tríada Estructura-Proceso-Resultados; construcción del instrumento; validación del contenido por jueces especialistas y revisores técnicos; y validación semántica. Se utilizaron cuestionarios en línea y el índice de Kappa para el análisis. Resultados: El instrumento con 68 ítems y 8 factores fue sometido a validación por jueces expertos que recomendaron la exclusión de 3 ítems y el cambio de 2 factores. En la validación por parte de los revisores técnicos, se excluyeron 2 ítems y se puntuaron 6 factores; el índice de acuerdo fue ≥0,75. En la validación semántica, el 87,3% respondió "totalmente de acuerdo" a los ítems presentados. Conclusiones: El instrumento se encuentra validado cuanto al contenido, posee 63 ítems y potencial para la evaluación de la atención de personas conviviendo con VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud.


RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar um instrumento de avaliação do processo de descentralização do atendimento às pessoas vivendo com HIV para Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em quatro etapas: elaboração do modelo lógico baseado na tríade Estrutura-Processo-Resultados; construção do instrumento; validação de conteúdo por juízes especialistas e revisores técnicos; e validação semântica. Utilizaram-se questionários on-line e, para análise, o índice de Kappa. Resultados: o instrumento, com 68 itens e 8 fatores, foi submetido à validação por juízes especialistas que recomendaram a exclusão de 3 itens e mudança de 2 fatores. Na validação por revisores técnicos, foram excluídos 2 itens e pontou-se 6 fatores, o índice de concordância foi ≥0,75. Na validação semântica 87,3% responderam "concordo totalmente" para os itens apresentados. Conclusões: O instrumento encontra-se validado quanto ao conteúdo, possui 63 itens e potencial para avaliação do atendimento às pessoas vivendo com HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

9.
Rev Rene (Online) ; 24: e81594, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1431207

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo comparar as características populacionais e assistenciais de adesão ao contato imediato entre mãe e recém-nascido na primeira hora de vida em duas maternidades públicas de risco habitual. Métodos trata-se de um estudo transversal, do qual participaram 105 mães que tiveram parto normal e seus respectivos recém-nascidos na primeira hora de vida em duas maternidades com unidades de Pré-parto, Parto e Puerpério. Para a pesquisa, utilizou-se um instrumento com 36 questões baseadas nas Diretrizes Nacionais de Assistência ao Parto Normal. A análise foi baseada no teste Qui-quadrado de homogeneidade e teste Exato de Fisher, para comparar a assistência prestada nas maternidades. Resultados ambas as maternidades atenderam aos binômios de risco habitual. Quanto à assistência prestada, apenas a maternidade federal promoveu o incentivo ao contato imediato entre mãe e recém-nascido na primeira hora de vida, além de favorecer 7,1% (n=3) dos binômios com a hora dourada de forma correta e significativa (p=0,037). Conclusão apesar da similaridade do perfil da assistência, apenas uma maternidade realizou a hora dourada, sendo necessária a inserção das boas práticas nas maternidades. Contribuições para a prática por meio da observação direta da assistência prestada ao binômio, identificaram-se lacunas no formato e durabilidade do contato imediato nas maternidades.


ABSTRACT Objective to compare population and care characteristics of adherence to immediate contact between mother and newborn in the first hour of life in two public maternity hospitals at usual risk. Methods cross-sectional study with 105 mothers after normal delivery and their respective newborns in the first hour of life in two maternity hospitals with Prepartum, Labor, and Puerperium units. We used an instrument with 36 questions based on the National Guidelines of Assistance to Normal Birth. Analysis was based on the chi-square test for homogeneity and Fisher's exact test to compare the assistance provided in maternity hospitals. Results both maternity hospitals attended the usual risk binomials. Regarding the assistance provided, only the federal maternity promoted encouragement of immediate contact between mother and newborn in the first hour of life, besides favoring 7.1% (n=3) of the binomials with the golden hour in a correct and significant way (p=0.037). Conclusion despite the similarity of the assistance profile, only one maternity hospital performed the golden hour, being necessary the insertion of good practices in maternity hospitals. Contributions to practice direct observation of the assistance provided to binomial identified gaps in the format and durability of the immediate contact in maternity hospitals.

10.
Rev Gaucha Enferm ; 43: e20220150, 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36478016

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the stricto sensu scientific production of Brazilian nursing that resorts to phenomenological theoretical frameworks. METHOD: Descriptive, exploratory, and document study carried out using the CAPES catalog of theses and dissertations from January to April 2022. RESULT: The sample included 600 dissertations and theses, with a predominance of the Heideggerian framework, followed by Schütz and Merleau-Ponty. Topics discussed included nursing care in women's health, mental health, pediatric and adolescent nursing, oncology nursing, obstetric nursing, Primary Health Care, as well as family and nursing education. CONCLUSION: Phenomenology was found to be a powerful reference for the unveiling of the phenomena of interest to the field of nursing, contributing to the construction of knowledge about the being who cares, the being who is cared for, and the care itself.


Subject(s)
Nursing Research , Female , Humans , Child , Adolescent , Brazil
11.
rev.cuid. (Bucaramanga. 2010) ; 14(1): 1-12, 20221221.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1428632

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Ainda que se saiba que a morte faz parte do ciclo da vida, diante de uma doença com muitos aspectos ainda desconhecidos como a COVID-19, torna-se importante compreender como os trabalhadores de enfermagem representam esse fenômeno, uma vez que são os únicos profissionais de saúde que continuam o cuidado ao indivíduo mesmo após a finitude da vida. Objetivo: analisar a estrutura das representações sociais sobre morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19 elaboradas por profissionais de enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: estudo qualitativo ancorado na vertente estrutural da Teoria das Representações Sociais com ênfase na Teoria do Núcleo Central, desenvolvido junto a 32 profissionais de enfermagem da cidade de Natal, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada online mediante utilização da técnica de associação livre de palavras. Para a análise dos dados recorreu-se às análises prototípica e de similitude. Resultados: o provável núcleo central das representações foi constituído pelos termos tristeza e medo, e a composição do sistema periférico e da zona de contraste reforçam esse núcleo. Discussão: o núcleo central das representações dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19 se constitui em um Themata polêmico de representação, e destaca os prejuízos à saúde psicossocial dos trabalhadores de enfermagem da linha de frente. Conclusões: perante às representações elaboradas sobre a morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19, é necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento que colaborem para a saúde psicossocial dos trabalhadores de enfermagem.


Introduction: Although it is known that death is part of the life cycle, in the face of a disease with many aspects still unknown, such as COVID-19, it is important to understand how nursing workers represent this phenomenon, since they are the only professionals that continue to care for the individual even after the end of life. Objective: to analyze the structure of social representations about death and dying due to COVID-19 elaborated by nursing professionals. Materials and methods: qualitative study anchored in the structural aspect of the Theory of Social Representations with emphasis on the Theory of the Central Nucleus, developed with 32 nursing professionals from the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Data collection was performed online using the free word association technique. For data analysis, prototypical and similarity analyzes were used. Results: the probable central nucleus of the representations was constituted by the terms sadness and fear, and the composition of the peripheral system and the contrast zone reinforce this nucleus. Discussion: the core of nursing professionals' representations about death and dying from COVID-19 constitutes a controversial issueof representation and highlights the damage to the psychosocial health of frontline nursing workers. Conclusions: in view of the elaborated representations about death and dying resulting from COVID-19, it is necessary to develop coping strategies that contribute to the psychosocial health of nursing workers.


Introducción: Si bien se sabe que la muerte es parte del ciclo de vida, ante una enfermedad con muchos aspectos aún desconocidos, como lo es el COVID-19, es importante comprender cómo los trabajadores de enfermería representan este fenómeno, ya que son los únicos profesionales que continuan cuidando al individuo incluso después del final de la vida. Objetivo: analizar la estructura de las representaciones sociales sobre la muerte y el morir por COVID-19 elaboradas por profesionales de enfermería. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo anclado en el aspecto estructural de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales con énfasis en la Teoría del Núcleo Central, desarrollado con 32 profesionales de enfermería de la ciudad de Natal, estado de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó en línea utilizando la técnica de asociación libre de palabras. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron análisis prototípicos y de similitud. Resultados: el probable núcleo central de las representaciones estuvo constituido por los términos tristeza y miedo, y la composición del sistema periférico y la zona de contraste refuerzan este núcleo. Discusión: el núcleo de las representaciones de los profesionales de enfermería sobre la muerte y el morir por COVID-19 constituye un temade representación controvertido, y destaca el daño a la salud psicosocial de los trabajadores de enfermería de primera línea. Conclusiones: frente a las representaciones elaboradas sobre la muerte y el morir como consecuencia de la COVID-19, es necesario desarrollar estrategias de enfrentamiento que contribuyan a la salud psicosocial de los trabajadores de enfermería.


Subject(s)
Nursing , Death , Qualitative Research , Pandemics , COVID-19
12.
Enferm. glob ; 21(68): 484-499, Oct. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210015

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de implantación de los atributos de la atención primaria de salud como indicador de la calidad de la atención prestada a las comunidades quilombolas del Estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Metodología: Estudio evaluativo realizado en las 33 comunidades quilombolas certificadas en el estado por la Fundación Cultural Palmares. Participaron 51 profesionales, médicos, enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería, que actúan en la atención primaria de salud a través del Evaluación de la Atención Primaria-versión Brasil. Se consideraron atributos esenciales, capacidad, desempeño y atributos derivados: accesibilidad, logitudinalidad, coordinación – sistemas de información, coordinación – integración asistencial, integralidad, orientación familiar y orientación comunitaria. El porcentaje de respuestas identificadas se distribuyó en cuatro clasificaciones: no implementado (de 0 a 25%); incipiente implantado (del 26% al 50%); parcialmente implantado (del 51% al 75%); completamente implementado (del 76% al 100%). Resultados: A partir de los análisis realizados, se constató que las acciones de APS en comunidades quilombolas de Rio Grande do Norte fueron clasificadas como totalmente implementadas (82,2%), considerando las dimensiones capacidad (77,92%) y desempeño (85,56%). Al observar los atributos derivados: longitudinalidad (92,94%), coordinación - sistemas de información (80,88%), integralidad - servicios disponibles (85,91%), orientación familiar (87,45%) y orientación comunitaria (92,16%), se observa que esas dimensiones también se implementaron completamente. Solo las dimensiones accesibilidad (74,51%) y coordinación – integración del cuidado (56,86%) fueron consideradas parcialmente implementadas. (AU)


Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de implantação dos atributos da atenção primária à saúde como indicador da qualidade da assistência prestadas às comunidades quilombolas no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Metodologia: Estudo avaliativo realizado nas 33 comunidades quilombolas certificas no estado pela Fundação Cultural Palmares. Participaram 51 profissionais, médicos, enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem, que atuam na atenção primária à saúde por meio do instrumento de avaliação Primary Care Assessment-versão Brasil. Foram considerados os atributos essenciais, capacidade, desempenho, e os atributos derivados: acessibilidade, logitudinalidade, coordenação – sistemas de informações, coordenação – integração de cuidados, integralidade, orientação familiar e orientação comunitária. O percentual de respostas identificadas foi distribuído em quatro classificações: não implantado (de 0 a 25%); implantado incipiente (de 26% a 50%); parcialmente implantado (de 51% a 75%); totalmente implantado (de 76% a 100%). Resultados: A partir das análises realizadas, verificou-se que as ações da APS em comunidades quilombolas do Rio Grande do Norte, foram classificadas como totalmente implantadas (82,2%), considerado-se as dimensões capacidade (77,92%) e desempenho (85,56%). Ao observar os atributos derivados: longitudinalidade (92,94%), coordenação – sistemas de informações (80,88%), integralidade – serviços disponíveis (85,91%), orientação familiar (87,45%), e orientação comunitária (92,16%), nota-se que essas dimensões também foram totalmente implantadas. Apenas as dimensões acessibilidade (74,51%) e coordenação – integração dos cuidados (56,86%) foram consideradas como parcialmente implantadas. (AU)


Objective: To evaluate the degree of implementation of the attributes of primary health care as an indicator of the quality of care provided to quilombola communities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Methodology: This is an evaluative study carried out in 33 quilombola communities certified in the state by Palmares Cultural Foundation. Fifty-one professionals, physicians, nurses and nursing technicians, who work in primary health care, participated in the study using the Primary Care Assessment-Brazil version. The essential attributes, capacity, performance, and the derived attributes were considered: accessibility, logitudinality, coordination - information systems, coordination - care integration, integrality, family orientation and community orientation. The percentage of identified answers was distributed in four classifications: not implemented (from 0 to 25%); incipiently implemented (from 26% to 50%); partially implemented (from 51% to 75%); totally implemented (from 76% to 100%). Results: From the analysis, it was found that the PHC actions in quilombola communities in Rio Grande do Norte were classified as fully implemented (82.2%), considering the dimensions capacity (77.92%) and performance (85.56%). When observing the derived attributes: longitudinality (92.94%), coordination - information systems (80.88%), integrality - available services (85.91%), family orientation (87.45%), and community orientation (92.16%), it is noted that these dimensions were also fully implemented. Only the dimensions accessibility (74.51%) and coordination - integration of care (56.86%) were considered as partially implemented. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Quality of Health Care , First Aid , Enslavement , Black People , Surveys and Questionnaires
13.
Rev Esc Enferm USP ; 56: e20220015, 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36018826

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the elements that influenced the immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour. METHOD: A cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative approach. A total of 105 parturient women hospitalized in two maternity hospitals with usual risk were observed. The instrument was based on Brazilian National Normal Childbirth Care Guidelines and World Health Organization good obstetric practices, totaling 36 questions. The analysis took place in a descriptive way using the Chi-Square Test for proportion comparison. RESULTS: Of the parturient women, 2.8% (n = 3) experienced the golden hour, and 82.9% (n = 87), immediate contact between 1 and 5 minutes. In 85.7% (n = 90) of the group, there were no causes that contraindicated immediate contact. For 48.0% (n = 49) of participants, contact was re-established by the nursing staff within 31-60 minutes. CONCLUSION: Immediate contact during the golden hour had low hospital care compliance. Neonatal procedures that can be postponed predominated as influencing elements of the golden hour. The assistance observed in the birth rooms investigated reflects the need to reduce interventions in labor and birth.


Subject(s)
Labor, Obstetric , Mothers , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Parturition , Pregnancy
14.
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem ; 30: e3559, 2022.
Article in Portuguese, English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35507957

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the intersections between rural women's quality of life and resilience. METHOD: convergent mixed methods design in which a cross-sectional quantitative study is triangulated with a qualitative study guided by Oral History. Data were collected concomitantly, using a socio-demographic form, Resilience Scale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and open-ended interviews. The analysis was based on descriptive and inferential statistics and inductive thematic analysis, which was integrated later. RESULTS: an association was found between the social aspects domain of quality of life and a moderate level of resilience related to the characteristics of life in rural areas. The integration of results enabled verifying that these two constructs (which mutually influence each other) are mediated by protective factors, resilience developed by the rural women, such as spirituality and the formation of social support, enchantment, and a feeling of belonging to their context. CONCLUSION: by developing protective factors, rural women develop a resilient behavior that favors their quality of life. Identifying these factors enables the development of psychosocial interventions to promote rural women's health.


Subject(s)
Quality of Life , Rural Population , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Quality of Life/psychology , Rural Health , Social Support
15.
Eur J Med Chem ; 238: 114421, 2022 Aug 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35594652

ABSTRACT

Approximately 6-7 million people around the world are estimated to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. The current treatments are inadequate and therefore new medical interventions are urgently needed. In this paper we describe the identification of a series of disubstituted piperazines which shows good potency against the target parasite but is hampered by poor metabolic stability. We outline the strategies used to mitigate this issue such as lowering logD, bioisosteric replacements of the metabolically labile piperazine ring and use of plate-based arrays for quick diversity scoping. We discuss the success of these strategies within the context of this series and highlight the challenges faced in phenotypic programs when attempting to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of compounds whilst maintaining potency against the desired target.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease , Trypanosoma cruzi , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Humans , Piperazines/pharmacology
16.
Rev. urug. enferm ; 17(1): 1-14, ene. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1371164

ABSTRACT

As mulheres rurais possuem meios de vida e estrutura familiar própria do contexto no qual se encontram inseridas, o que frequentemente favorece sua vulnerabilização. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico, laboral e epidemiológico de mulheres rurais. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de julho a novembro de 2020 em área rural do município de Nazarezinho, Paraíba, Brasil, junto a 87 mulheres rurais acompanhadas por uma unidade de estratégia de saúde da família. A análise se deu por estatística descritiva. Verificou-se predominância de mulheres rurais com poucos anos de estudo formal, com média de idade economicamente ativa, com laços conjugais e filhos, de renda mensal de até um salário mínimo, e que desempenhavam papeis consideráveis no trabalho rural, sobretudo nas atividades de plantio e colheita. Quase metade delas declarou possuir doença crônica, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica a mais apontada. Conclui-se o perfi l de mulheres rurais indica vulnerabilidades sociais que devem ser combatidas a partir da implementação de políticas públicas com vistas à promoção da sua saúde, melhoria da qualidade de vida e garantia de direitos fundamentais.


Las mujeres rurales tienen medios de vida y estructura familiar relacionados con el contexto en el que se insertan, lo que muchas veces favorece su vulnerabilidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico, laboral y epidemiológico de las mujeres rurales. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados entre julio y noviembre de 2020 en una zona rural del municipio de Nazarezinho, Paraíba, Brasil. Participaron 87 mujeres rurales acompañadas de una unidad de estrategia de salud de la familia. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Predominaron las mujeres rurales con pocos años de educación formal, con edad promedio económicamente activa, con vínculo matrimonial e hijos, con ingresos mensuales de hasta un salario mínimo, y que desempeñaban roles importantes en el trabajo rural, especialmente en actividades de siembra y cosecha. Casi la mitad de ellos declaró tener una enfermedad crónica, siendo la hipertensión arterial sistémica la más mencionada. Se concluye el perfil de la mujer rural indica vulnerabilidades sociales que deben ser atendidas mediante la implementación de políticas públicas con miras a promover su salud, mejorar su calidad de vida y garantizar los derechos fundamentales.


Rural women have livelihoods and family structure related to the context in which they are inserted, which often favors their vulnerability. This study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic, labor and epidemiological profile of rural women. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected between July and November 2020 in a rural area in the municipality of Nazarezinho, Paraíba, Brazil. Participants were 87 rural women accompanied by a Family Health Strategy unit. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. There was a predominance of rural women with few years of formal education, with an average age of economically active, with marital ties and children, with a monthly income of up to one minimum wage, and who played considerable roles in rural work, especially in planting activities and harvest. Almost half of them declared having a chronic disease, with systemic arterial hypertension being the most mentioned. It is concluded the profile of rural women indicates social vulnerabilities that must be tackled through the implementation of public policies with a view to promoting their health, improving their quality of life and guaranteeing fundamental rights.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Rural Population , Women, Working , Rural Workers , Sociodemographic Factors , Health Profile , Brazil/epidemiology , Rural Health , Social Determinants of Health
17.
Rev. Enferm. Atual In Derme ; 96(37): 1-10, Jan-Mar. 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1378341

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: refletir sobre asrelações sorodiferentes aovírus HIV e seus desafios a partir da filosofia da vontade de Arthur Schopenhauer. Método:trata-se de um estudo teórico-reflexivorealizado a partir da busca por artigos elivros, nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2021.Resultados:Observa-seque os pressupostos conceituaise a filosofia da vontadede Artur Schopenhaouer têmrelação com o contexto atualreferente aos desafios que os parceiros sorodiferentesvivenciamem suas relações, como a invisibilidade dessas relações na condição da diferença sorológica perante a sociedade e nos serviços de saúde, o preconceito e a falta de informação acerca das possibilidadesque se sobrepõemao conceitodesofrimento e dor, constantemente associados a essas parcerias. Considerações finais: as reflexõesrealizadas sinalizam que a vontadedos parceiros sexuaisde permanecer no relacionamentoem condição de sorodiferença ao vírus HIVé a força matriz paravencer os desafiose riscos peculiares a essa forma de convivência.Acredita-se que acompreensãodas relações sorodiferentes ao vírus HIV a partir de uma fundamentação filosóficaé relevante no processoressignificação da infecção na sociedade, pelos profissionais de saúdee nos diferentes âmbitos dos serviços responsáveis por acompanhar e acolher esses parceiros.


Objective: to reflect on the challenges experienced in serodifferent relationships with the HIV virus based on Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy of will. Method:this is a theoretical-reflective study carried out from the search for articles, books, dissertations andtheses in the months of October and November 2021. Results:It is observed that the conceptual assumptions and the philosophy of will of Artur Schopenhaouer are related to the current context regarding the challenges that serodifferent partners experiencein their relationships, such as the invisibility of these relationships in the condition of serological difference before society and in health services, prejudice and lack of information about the possibilities that overlap tothe concept of suffering and pain, constantly associated with these partnerships. Final considerations:the reflections carried out indicate that the desire of sexual partners to remain in the relationship in a condition of serodifference to the HIV virusis the matrix force to overcome the challenges and risks peculiar to this form of coexistence. It is believed that the understanding of serodifferent relationships to the HIV virus from a philosophical foundation is relevant in the process of resignifyingthe infection in society, by health professionals and in the different scopes of the services responsible for monitoring and welcoming these partners.


Objetivo: reflexionar sobrelos desafíos vividos en las relaciones serodiferentes con el virus del VIH a partir de la filosofía de la voluntad de Arthur Schopenhauer. Método:se trata de un estudio teórico-reflexivo realizado a partir de la búsqueda de artículos, libros, disertaciones y tesis en los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2021. Resultados:Se observa que los presupuestos conceptuales y la filosofía de la voluntad de Artur Schopenhaouer están relacionados al contexto actual respecto a los desafíos que experimentan las parejasserodiferentes en sus relaciones, tales como la invisibilidad de estas relaciones en condición de diferencia serológica ante la sociedad y en los servicios de salud, el prejuicio y la falta de información sobre las posibilidadesque se superponen al concepto de sufrimiento y el dolor, constantemente asociados a estas asociaciones. Consideracionesfinales:las reflexiones realizadas indican que el deseo de los compañeros sexuales de permanecer en la relación en condición de serodiferenciaal virus del VIH es la fuerza matriz para superar los desafíos y riesgos propios de esta forma de convivencia. Se cree que la comprensión de las relaciones serodiferentes al virus VIH desde una base filosófica es relevante en el proceso de resignificaciónde la infección enla sociedad, por parte de los profesionales de la salud y en los diferentes ámbitos de los servicios encargados del acompañamiento y acogida de estos asociados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Philosophy , Sexual Partners , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV , Health Services Accessibility
18.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 30: e3559, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1376968

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: analisar as interseções entre qualidade de vida e resiliência de mulheres rurais. Método: estudo de métodos mistos convergente, no qual foram triangulados um estudo quantitativo de corte transversal e um estudo qualitativo guiado pela da história oral de vida. Os dados foram concomitantemente coletados utilizando-se de um formulário sociodemográfico, da Escala de Resiliência, do Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey e mediante entrevistas abertas. A análise deu-se por estatística descritiva e inferencial e análise temática indutiva, com posterior integração. Resultados: constatou-se associação entre o domínio aspectos sociais de qualidade de vida e o grau moderado de resiliência, relacionado às características do cotidiano rural. A integração dos resultados possibilitou reconhecer que a interseção entre os dois construtos, que se influenciam mutuamente, ocorre pela mediação de fatores de proteção para resiliência elaborados pelas mulheres rurais, como a espiritualidade, a formação de redes de apoio social e os sentimentos de encantamento e pertencimento ao seu contexto. Conclusão: a partir da elaboração de fatores de proteção, as mulheres rurais desencadeiam atitudes resilientes que contribuem para sua qualidade de vida. A identificação desses fatores permite o desenvolvimento de intervenções psicossociais que podem contribuir para a promoção da saúde da mulher rural.


Abstract Objective: to analyze the intersections between rural women's quality of life and resilience. Method: convergent mixed methods design in which a cross-sectional quantitative study is triangulated with a qualitative study guided by Oral History. Data were collected concomitantly, using a socio-demographic form, Resilience Scale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and open-ended interviews. The analysis was based on descriptive and inferential statistics and inductive thematic analysis, which was integrated later. Results: an association was found between the social aspects domain of quality of life and a moderate level of resilience related to the characteristics of life in rural areas. The integration of results enabled verifying that these two constructs (which mutually influence each other) are mediated by protective factors, resilience developed by the rural women, such as spirituality and the formation of social support, enchantment, and a feeling of belonging to their context. Conclusion: by developing protective factors, rural women develop a resilient behavior that favors their quality of life. Identifying these factors enables the development of psychosocial interventions to promote rural women's health.


Resumen Objetivo: analizar las intersecciones entre calidad de vida y resiliencia en mujeres rurales. Método: estudio de métodos mixtos convergentes, en el que fueron triangulados un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal y un estudio cualitativo guiado por la historia oral de vida. Los datos fueron concomitantemente recolectados utilizando formulario: sociodemográfico de la Escala de Resiliencia y del Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; y, mediante entrevistas abiertas. El análisis se realizó con la estadística descriptiva e inferencial, y con el análisis temático inductivo, con posterior integración. Resultados: se constató asociación entre el dominio aspectos sociales de calidad de vida y el grado moderado de resiliencia, relacionado con las características de lo cotidiano rural. La integración de los resultados posibilitó reconocer que la intersección entre los dos constructos, que se influencian mutuamente, ocurre por la mediación de factores de protección para la resiliencia, elaborados por las mujeres rurales, como la espiritualidad, la formación de redes de apoyo social, y los sentimientos de encantamiento y pertenencia a su contexto. Conclusión: a partir de la elaboración de factores de protección, las mujeres rurales desencadenan actitudes resilientes que contribuyen para su calidad de vida. La identificación de esos factores permite el desarrollo de intervenciones psicosociales que pueden contribuir para la promoción de la salud de la mujer rural.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Rural Health , Women's Health , Resilience, Psychological , Rural Population , Cross-Sectional Studies , Psychosocial Intervention
19.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 56: e20220015, 2022. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1394626

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the elements that influenced the immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour. Method: A cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative approach. A total of 105 parturient women hospitalized in two maternity hospitals with usual risk were observed. The instrument was based on Brazilian National Normal Childbirth Care Guidelines and World Health Organization good obstetric practices, totaling 36 questions. The analysis took place in a descriptive way using the Chi-Square Test for proportion comparison. Results: Of the parturient women, 2.8% (n = 3) experienced the golden hour, and 82.9% (n = 87), immediate contact between 1 and 5 minutes. In 85.7% (n = 90) of the group, there were no causes that contraindicated immediate contact. For 48.0% (n = 49) of participants, contact was re-established by the nursing staff within 31-60 minutes. Conclusion: Immediate contact during the golden hour had low hospital care compliance. Neonatal procedures that can be postponed predominated as influencing elements of the golden hour. The assistance observed in the birth rooms investigated reflects the need to reduce interventions in labor and birth.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar los elementos que influyeron en el contacto inmediato entre madre y bebé en la hora dorada. Método: Estudio observacional transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se observaron un total de 105 parturientas hospitalizadas en dos maternidades de riesgo habitual. El instrumento se basó en la guía para la atención del parto normal en Brasil y las buenas prácticas obstétricas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, totalizando 36 preguntas. El análisis se realizó de forma descriptiva utilizando la Prueba Chi-Cuadrado para comparación de proporciones. Resultados: De las parturientas, 2,8% (n = 3) experimentó la hora dorada y 82,9% (n = 87), el contacto inmediato entre 1 y 5 minutos. En el 85,7% (n = 90) del grupo no hubo causas que contraindicaran el contacto inmediato. Para el 48,0% (n = 49) de los participantes, el contacto fue restablecido por el personal de enfermería dentro de los 31-60 minutos. Conclusión: El contacto inmediato en la hora dorada tuvo baja adherencia en la atención hospitalaria. Los procedimientos neonatales que pueden posponerse predominaron como elementos influyentes de la hora dorada. La asistencia observada en las salas de parto investigadas refleja la necesidad de reducir las intervenciones en el trabajo de parto y nacimiento.


RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os elementos que influenciaram no contato imediato entre mãe e bebê na hora dourada. Método: Estudo observacional transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram observadas 105 parturientes internadas em duas maternidades de risco habitual. O instrumento teve como base as Diretrizes Nacionais de Assistência ao Parto Normal e as boas práticas obstétricas da Organização Mundial da Saúde, totalizando 36 questões. A análise ocorreu de forma descritiva mediante o Teste do Qui-Quadrado para comparação de proporção. Resultados: Das parturientes, 2,8% (n = 3) vivenciaram a hora dourada, e 82,9% (n = 87), o contato imediato entre 1 e 5 minutos. Em 85,7% (n = 90) do grupo, não houve causas que contraindicassem o contato imediato. Para 48,0% (n = 49) das participantes, o contato foi restabelecido pela enfermagem entre 31-60 minutos. Conclusão O contato imediato na hora dourada teve baixa adesão na assistência hospitalar. Os procedimentos neonatais passíveis de serem adiados predominaram como elementos influenciadores da hora dourada. A assistência observada nas salas de parto investigadas reflete a necessidade de reduzir as intervenções no parto e nascimento.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Mother-Child Relations , Obstetric Nursing , Labor, Obstetric , Delivery of Health Care
20.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 43: e20220150, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1409379

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the stricto sensu scientific production of Brazilian nursing that resorts to phenomenological theoretical frameworks. Method: Descriptive, exploratory, and document study carried out using the CAPES catalog of theses and dissertations from January to April 2022. Result: The sample included 600 dissertations and theses, with a predominance of the Heideggerian framework, followed by Schütz and Merleau-Ponty. Topics discussed included nursing care in women's health, mental health, pediatric and adolescent nursing, oncology nursing, obstetric nursing, Primary Health Care, as well as family and nursing education. Conclusion: Phenomenology was found to be a powerful reference for the unveiling of the phenomena of interest to the field of nursing, contributing to the construction of knowledge about the being who cares, the being who is cared for, and the care itself.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar la producción científica stricto sensu de enfermeros brasileños que utiliza encuadres teóricos de la fenomenología. Método: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y documental hecho por medio de pesquisas en el catálogo de tesis y disertaciones de la CAPES, de enero a abril de 2022. Resultado: La muestra incluyo 600 disertaciones y tesis, con una predominancia de referencias a Heidegger, seguido por Schütz y Merleau-Ponty. Los temas discutidos incluyeran cuidados de enfermería en salud de la mujer, salud mental, enfermería pediátrica y adolescente, enfermería oncológica, enfermería obstétrica, Atención Primaria a la Salud, así como enfermería de la familia y educación en enfermería. Conclusión: La fenomenologíase ha mostrado una poderosa referencia para desvelar a los fenómenos de interés para el campo de la enfermería, así contribuyendo para la construcción del conocimiento sobre el ser que cuida, el ser que recibe cuidado, y el cuidado mismo.


RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar a produção científica stricto sensu da enfermagem brasileira que utilizou referencial fenomenológico. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório de caráter documental realizado a partir do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES no período de janeiro a abril de 2022. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 600 dissertações e teses, com predomínio do referencial heideggeriano, seguido de Schütz e Merleau-ponty. As temáticas se concentraram no cuidado de enfermagem em saúde da mulher, saúde mental, enfermagem pediátrica e do adolescente, enfermagem oncológica, enfermagem obstétrica, Atenção Primária à Saúde, família, e educação em enfermagem. Conclusão: A fenomenologia se apresenta como um referencial potente para o desvelamento dos fenômenos de interesse da enfermagem, contribuindo para a construção do conhecimento sobre o ser que cuida, o ser que é cuidado e o próprio cuidado em si.

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