ABSTRACT
Abstract Mosquitoes comprehend a group with a major impact on public health, because some species transmit parasites vertebrate hosts. Comparative studies between preserved environment and disturbed areas provide important epidemiological information, due to the major knowledge on species populational dynamics and the possibility of a contact between vector species and human population. This work aims to characterize and compare the fauna of mosquitoes in the Goytacazes National Forest (GNF) and surrounding area, in the State of Espírito Santo, in Brazil. Collections occurred simultaneously in a preserved environment and in a peridomicile, from 15:00 to 18:00, between July 2008 and May 2009. In each environment, it was used a modified trap of Shannon type. As a result, 1,490 specimens from 14 genera and 19 identified species were collected. The species diversity (H = 1.95), species richness (S = 17), equitability index (J = 0.68) and the number of collected specimens (n = 1,100) were higher in the forest environment. The plentiful species were respectively Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Rondani, 1848), Culex (Culex) nigripalpus Theobald, 1901 and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus (Wiedemann, 1828). Our results demonstrate that the occurrence of vector species in this region increases the potential risk of diverse arboviruses occurrence, especially wild-type yellow fever.
Resumo Os mosquitos compreendem um grupo importante para a saúde pública, porque algumas espécies estão envolvidas na transmissão de várias doenças para os seres humanos. Estudos comparativos entre ambiente florestal e áreas perturbadas fornecem importantes informações epidemiológicas, dado o maior conhecimento da dinâmica populacional das espécies e a possibilidade de contato entre as espécies de vetores e população humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar e comparar a fauna de mosquitos na Floresta Nacional de Goytacazes e área adjacente, no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. As coletas ocorreram simultaneamente no ambiente florestal e peridomicílio, de 15:00 às 18:00 horas, entre junho de 2008 e maio de 2009. Em cada ambiente foi utilizada uma armadilha do tipo Shannon modificada. Como resultado, foram coletados 1.490 espécimes pertencentes a 14 gêneros e 19 espécies identificadas. A diversidade de espécies (H = 1,95), riqueza de espécies (S = 17), índice de equitabilidade (J = 0,68) e o número de espécimes coletados (n = 1.100) foram maiores no ambiente florestal. As espécies mais abundantes foram respectivamente Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Rondani, 1848), Culex (Culex) nigripalpus Theobald, 1901 and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus (Wiedemann, 1828). Os resultados demonstram que a ocorrência de espécies vetores na região, aumenta o risco potencial de ocorrência de diversas arboviroses, com destaque para a febre amarela silvestre.
ABSTRACT
Our objective was to study and evaluate the richness and diversity of Phlebotominae fauna in the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve (DBBR) in the state of Espírito Santo, in southeastern Brazil. Sand fly collections were carried out during four consecutive nights each month between August 2007 and July 2008 at DBBR by using CDC automatic light traps and an illuminated Shannon trap. Specific richness (S) and Shannon diversity index (H) was calculated for each trap. We collected 18,868 sand flies belonging to 29 species and 13 genera. Nyssomyia yuilli yuilli was the most abundant species followed by Psychodopygus ayrozai, Ps. hirsutus, Psathyromyia pascalei, and Ps. matosi. We recorded Brumptomyia cardosoi, Br. troglodytes, and Ps. geniculatus for the first time in the state of Espírito Santo. We discuss the differences in diversity and richness of the sand flies in both traps and in relation to other Brazilian localities and biomes. We also discuss the possibility of wild transmission of Leishmania in the DBBR and the influence of the sand fly species in leishmaniasis transmission to the adjacent areas of the reserve.