ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to know the social and health responses for the elderly in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: An integrative literature review. RESULTS: There is a lack of specialized health care to meet the real needs of the elderly, and the shortage of health professionals does not contribute favorably to this situation. There is a small number of facilities for the elderly and most of them are inadequate. Although there are models of care as well as social and health support policies for the elderly, there are still inequities/inequalities in access to these policies, especially for the most disadvantaged populations. CONCLUSION: Social and health policies for the elderly in Sub-Saharan Africa are below standard and appropriate economic, political and social intervention is required.
Subject(s)
Developing Countries , Health Policy , Africa South of the Sahara , Aged , Humans , Vulnerable PopulationsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to know the social and health responses for the elderly in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: An integrative literature review. Results: There is a lack of specialized health care to meet the real needs of the elderly, and the shortage of health professionals does not contribute favorably to this situation. There is a small number of facilities for the elderly and most of them are inadequate. Although there are models of care as well as social and health support policies for the elderly, there are still inequities/inequalities in access to these policies, especially for the most disadvantaged populations. Conclusion: Social and health policies for the elderly in Sub-Saharan Africa are below standard and appropriate economic, political and social intervention is required.
RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer las respuestas sociales y de salud para los ancianos en África subsahariana. Métodos: repaso integrador de la literatura. Resultados: hay falta de cuidados de salud especializados y enfocados a las reales necesidades de los ancianos, siendo que la escasez de profesionales de salud no contribuye favorablemente para esta situación. Se observa baja oferta de infraestructura destinadas a los ancianos y la mayoría de ellas son de bajo nivel. Aunque haya modelos de atención, así como políticas de apoyo social y de salud para las personas mayores, aún hay iniquidades/desigualdades en el acceso a ellas, sobre todo para las poblaciones más desfavorecidas. Conclusión: las políticas sociales y de salud para las personas mayores en el África subsahariana están por debajo de sus necesidades, siendo necesario garantizar una intervención económica, política y social adecuada.
RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer as respostas sociais e de saúde para os idosos na África Subsaariana. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura. Resultados: Há falta de cuidados de saúde especializados e direcionados às reais necessidades dos idosos, sendo que a escassez de profissionais de saúde não contribui favoravelmente para essa situação. Verifica-se baixa oferta de instalações destinadas aos idosos, e a maioria delas são básicas. Apesar de existirem modelos de cuidados para os idosos e políticas de apoio social e de saúde, ainda há iniquidades/desigualdades no acesso a elas, sobretudo para as populações mais desfavorecidas. Conclusão: As políticas sociais e de saúde para os idosos na África Subsaariana estão aquém das necessidades, sendo preciso garantir uma intervenção econômica, política e social adequada.
ABSTRACT
This is a case series with chart review of 59 consecutive pediatric patients with a diagnosis of cervical esophageal coin who underwent anterior-commissure laryngoscope (ACLA) extraction during apnea. The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of coin extraction and (2) to analyze foreign body features and intraoperative physiological parameters (apnea time, O2 saturation and end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) of apnea, minimum O2 during procedure, and heart rate). The technique was completed in 94.9% of the sample. The mean of the length of apnea was 57.7 ± 25.2 seconds. The median minimum O2 saturation was 99.5% (minimum = 93, maximum = 100), and the median of the ETCO2 at the end of the procedure was 35.7 ± 4.8 mm Hg. Heart rates remained at baseline values during the procedure (P < .001). This technique represents an efficient and secure modality for treatment. If successful, the patient can be safely discharged after clearance from anesthesia and a swallowing trial.