Epigenetic changes in shear-stressed endothelial cells.

Epigenetic changes, particularly histone compaction modifications, have emerged as critical regulators in the epigenetic pathway driving endothelial cell phenotype under constant exposure to laminar forces induced by blood flow. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms governing endothelial cell behavior in this context remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted in vitro experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells subjected to various tensional forces simulating pathophysiological blood flow shear stress conditions, ranging from normotensive to hypertensive forces. Our study uncovers a noteworthy observation wherein endothelial cells exposed to high shear stress demonstrate a decrease in the epigenetic marks H3K4ac and H3K27ac, accompanied by significant alterations in the levels of HDAC (histone deacetylase) proteins. Moreover, we demonstrate a negative regulatory effect of increased shear stress on HOXA13 gene expression and a concomitant increase in the expression of the long noncoding RNA, HOTTIP, suggesting a direct association with the suppression of HOXA13. Collectively, these findings represent the first evidence of the role of histone-related epigenetic modifications in modulating chromatin compaction during mechanosignaling of endothelial cells in response to elevated shear stress forces. Additionally, our results highlight the importance of understanding the physiological role of HOXA13 in vascular biology and hypertensive patients, emphasizing the potential for developing small molecules to modulate its activity. These findings warrant further preclinical investigations and open new avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting epigenetic mechanisms in hypertensive conditions.

Adipogenesis-Related Metabolic Condition Affects Shear-Stressed Endothelial Cells Activity Responding to Titanium.

PURPOSE: Obesity has increased around the world. Obese individuals need to be better assisted, with special attention given to dental and medical specialties. Among obesity-related complications, the osseointegration of dental implants has raised concerns. This mechanism depends on healthy angiogenesis surrounding the implanted devices. As an experimental analysis able to mimic this issue is currently lacking, we address this issue by proposing an in vitro high-adipogenesis model using differentiated adipocytes to further investigate their endocrine and synergic effect in endothelial cells responding to titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Firstly, adipocytes (3T3-L1 cell line) were differentiated under two experimental conditions: Ctrl (normal glucose concentration) and High-Glucose Medium (50 mM of glucose), which was validated using Oil Red O Staining and inflammatory markers gene expression by qPCR. Further, the adipocyte-conditioned medium was enriched by two types of titanium-related surfaces: Dual Acid-Etching (DAE) and Nano-Hydroxyapatite blasted surfaces (nHA) for up to 24 h. Finally, the endothelial cells (ECs) were exposed in those conditioned media under shear stress mimicking blood flow. Important genes related to angiogenesis were then evaluated by using RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Firstly, the high-adipogenicity model using 3T3-L1 adipocytes was validated presenting an increase in the oxidative stress markers, concomitantly with an increase in intracellular fat droplets, pro-inflammatory-related gene expressions, and also the ECM remodeling, as well as modulating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Additionally, Src was evaluated by Western blot, and its modulation can be related to EC survival signaling. CONCLUSION: Our study provides an experimental model of high adipogenesis in vitro by establishing a pro-inflammatory environment and intracellular fat droplets. Additionally, the efficacy of this model to evaluate the EC response to titanium-enriched mediums under adipogenicity-related metabolic conditions was analyzed, revealing significant interference with EC performance. Altogether, these data gather valuable findings on understanding the reasons for the higher percentage of implant failures in obese individuals.

Educational material on intermittent urethral catheterization in children: a scoping review / Materiales educativos sobre cateterismo uretral intermitente en niños: revisión de alcance / Materiais educativos no cateterismo uretral intermitente em crianças: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze diverse scientific evidence about educational materials related to intermittent urethral catheterization in children. Method a scoping review based on the method proposed by the Joana Briggs Institute and conducted in nine stages from July to December 2021, with the following guiding question: "Which is the available evidence about educational materials on intermittent urethral catheterization in children?". Articles from the following databases were analyzed: National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online and SciVerse Scopus. Results six of the 3,323 articles retrieved were kept after applying the eligibility criteria and excluding the duplicates. The publication dates varied from 2009 to 2019; five were published in Brazil and one in the United States. Regarding the design, one was a cross-sectional study and there were two descriptive studies, two methodological studies and one case study. The data were presented considering the following variables: type of material, means of dissemination, target audience, and theoretical framework of the educational materials. Conclusion the studies analyzed in this review presented several educational materials, such as elaboration of educational software, a Telenursing manual, an educational video to guide parents and an online forum. Therefore, these materials are useful as teaching and learning strategies for caregivers of children undergoing intermittent urethral catheterization.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar diversas evidencias científicas sobre materiales educativos relacionados con cateterismo uretral intermitente en niños. Metodo revisão de alcance basada en el método propuesto por el Joana Briggs Institute y realizada en nueve etapas entre julio y diciembre de 2021, con la siguiente pregunta guía: "¿De qué evidencias se dispone acerca de materiales educativos sobre cateterismo uretral intermitente en niños?". Se analizaron artículos de las siguientes bases de datos: National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online y SciVerse Scopus. Resultados seis de los 3.323 artículos recuperados se mantuvieron después de aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad y de excluir los duplicados. Las fechas de publicación variaron entre los años 2009 y 2019; cinco se publicaron en Brasil y uno en Estados Unidos. En relación co el diseño, uno era un estudio transversal y había dos estudios descriptivos, dos estudios metodológicos y un estudio de caso. Los datos se presentaron sobre la base de las siguientes variables: tipo de material, vehiculo de diseminación, público objetivo y referencial teórico de los materiais educativos. Conclusión los estudios que se analizaron en esta revisión presentaron diversos materiales educativos, como ser la elaboración de un programa de software educativo, un manual de Tele-Enfermería, un video educativo para orientar a los padres y foro virtual. EN consecuencia, estos materiales sirven com estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje para cuidadores de niños sometidos a cateterismo uretral intermitente.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar evidências científicas sobre materiais educativos relativos ao cateterismo uretral intermitente em crianças. Metodo Revisão de escopo, baseada no método proposto pelo Joana Briggs Institute, realizada em nove etapas, no período de julho a dezembro de 2021, com a pergunta norteadora: "Quais as evidências disponíveis acerca de materiais educativos sobre cateterismo uretral intermitente em crianças?". Analisaram-se artigos das bases de dados: National Library of Medicine's,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online e SciVerse Scopus. Resultados Dos 3.323 artigos recuperados, foram mantidos seis artigos após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade e exclusão dos duplicados. As datas de publicação variaram de 2009 a 2019; cinco foram publicados no Brasil e um nos Estados Unidos. Quanto ao desenho, um era estudo transversal, dois estudos descritivos, dois estudos metodológicos e um estudo de caso. Os dados foram apresentados com base nas variáveis: tipo de material, meio de disponibilização, público-alvo e referencial teórico dos materiais educativos. Conclusão Os estudos analisados nesta revisão apresentaram diversos materiais educativos, como a construção de software educativo, manual de tele-enfermagem, vídeo educativo para orientação de pais e fórum virtual. Estes materiais são, portanto, úteis como estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem para cuidadores de crianças em cateterismo uretral intermitente.

Metabolic effects of CoCr-enriched medium on shear-stressed endothelial cell and osteoblasts: A possible mechanism involving a hypoxic condition on bone healing.

Cobalt-chromium (CoCr)-based alloys have emerged as an interesting biomaterial within biomedical field, mainly considering their biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion and absence of magnetism; however, its effect on cell metabolism is barely known and this prompted us better evaluating whether CoCr-enriched medium affects the metabolism of both osteoblast and endothelial cells, and also if there is a coupling between them. This is also considered here the already-known effect of Cobalt (Co) as a hypoxic element. Firstly, discs of CoCr [subjecting (W) or not (Wo) to dual acid-etched (DAE)] were incubated into FBS-free cell culture medium up to 24 h (37 °C). This CoCr-enriched medium was further used to treat shear-stressed endothelial cells cultures up to 72 h. Thereafter, the conditioned medium containing metabolites of shear-stressed endothelial cells in response to CoCr-enriched medium was further used to subject osteoblast's cultures, when the samples were properly harvested to allow the analysis of the molecular issues. Our data shows that CoCr-enriched medium contains 1.5 ng-2.0 ng/mL of Co, which was captured by endothelial cells and osteoblasts in about 30% in amount and it seems modulate their metabolic pathways: shear-stressed endothelial cells expressed higher profile of HIF1α, VEGF and nNOS genes, while their global profile of protein carbonylation was lower than the control cultures, suggesting lower oxidative stress commitment. Additionally, osteoblasts responding to metabolites of CoCr-challenged endothelial cells show dynamic expression of marker genes in osteogenic differentiation, with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein (BSP) genes being significantly increased. Additionally, tensional shear-stress forces decrease the stimulus for ColA1gene expression in osteoblasts responding to endothelial cells metabolites, as well as modifying the extracellular matrix remodeling related genes. Analyzing the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the data shows that shear-stressed endothelial cells metabolites increase the activities of both MMP9 and MMP2 in osteoblasts. Altogether, our data shows for the first time that shear-stressed endothelial metabolites responding to CoCr discs contribute to osteogenic phenotype in vitro, and this predicts an active crosstalk between angiogenesis and osteogenesis during osseointegration of CoCr alloy and bone healing, maybe guided by the Co-induced hypoxic condition.

PI3K/AKT signaling drives titanium-induced angiogenic stimulus.

Although osseointegration and clinical success of titanium (Ti)-implanted materials depend on neovascularization in the reactional peri-implant tissue, very little has been achieved considering the Ti-molecules release on the behavior of endothelial cells. To address this issue, we challenged endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Ti-enriched medium obtained from two types of commercial titanium surfaces [presenting or not dual-acid etching (DAE)] up to 72 h to allow molecular machinery analysis. Our data show that the Ti-enriched medium provokes significant stimulus of angiogenesis-related machinery in endothelial cells by upexpressing VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGF, eNOS, and iNOS genes, while the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was also significantly enhanced. As PI3K/AKT signaling was related to angiogenesis in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), we addressed the importance of PI3K/Akt upon Ti-enriched medium responses by concomitantly treating the cells with wortmannin, a well-known PI3K inhibitor. Wortmannin suppressed the angiogenic factors, because VEGF, VEGFR1, and eNOS genes were downregulated in those cells, highlighting the importance of PI3K/AKT signaling on driving angiogenic phenotype and angiogenesis performance within the peri-implant tissue reaction. In conjunction, these data reinforce that titanium-implantable devices modify the metabolism of surrounding cells, such as endothelial cells, probably coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis processes in peri-implant tissue and then contributing to successfully osseointegration of biomedical titanium-based devices.

Carcinoma basocelular originado de uma tatuagem: relato de dois casos / Basal cell carcinoma originating in a tattoo: report of two cases

Carcinoma basocelular sobre a região da tatuagem foi pouco descrito na literatura, com um total de 13 casos. Todos descrevem o aspecto clínico da lesão e sua patogênese, porém não caracterizam a dermatoscopia. Descrevemos dois casos de carcinoma basocelular na tatuagem, com características clínicas e dermatoscópicas, tratados com a cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs. Houve dificuldade em estabelecer as margens clínicas e dermatoscópicas do tumor em decorrência do pigmento exógeno da tatuagem

Basal cell carcinoma over the tattoo region has been poorly reported in the literature, with a total of 13 cases. All cases describe the clinical aspect of the lesion and its pathogenesis but do not characterize the dermoscopy. We report two cases of basal cell carcinoma on tattoos with clinical and dermoscopy features, treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. It was challenging to establish the tumor's clinical and dermoscopic margins due to the tattoo's exogenous pigment

Immobilization of Paclitaxel on Hydroxyapatite for Breast Cancer Investigations.

A simple method for immobilization of the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PTX) on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HAP) using the biopolymer chitosan as a trapping agent is described focusing on applications involving breast cancer cells. n-HAP with two distinct crystallinity profiles were used: with predominant crystallization along the long axis and with a more homogeneous crystallization in all directions. In the first scenario, the interactions between chitosan and both the OH and PO43- groups on the surface of the nanoparticles are favored and lead to a more efficient attachment of the drug. In this case, PTX is found to remain mostly attached to the n-HAP for at least 24 h, while being dispersed in aqueous solution. During this time, the activity of the drug is inhibited as corroborated by in vitro assays with breast cancer cells. With that, the in vitro experiments revealed distinct effects from the drug-loaded nanoparticles on the cells depending on the experimental conditions. In a short term, that is, in 24 h, the cells exhibit higher viability than those challenged with nonloaded materials. Nevertheless, after 72 h, even a small content of PTX in the presence of n-HAP can reduce the cells' viability via stimulation of the apoptotic phenotype and suppression of survival stimuli.

Nail enthesis ultrasound and automated software-guided assessment of bilateral common carotid intima-media thickness in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: is there a correlation with clinical and laboratory findings?

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound (US) in psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an important tool in several situations to detect joint ecostructural damage as well as other tissue alterations, such as those that occur in the larger vessels. The objective of this study was to detect and correlate the changes that indicate the inflammatory and atherosclerotic process in two groups of patients, using nail US and carotid artery intima-media thickness radiofrequency (RF) software. METHODS: A total of 30 patients diagnosed with (PsO) and (PsA) were selected. About 15 patients were present in each group, assigned by the Dermatology and Rheumatology Service of the Universidade Pontifícia Católica de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, and were assessed using carotid artery US (radiofrequency quality intima-media thickness [RF-QIMT]), joint US, clinical evaluation, and laboratory tests. RESULTS: Spearman and Pearson correlations between US variables per group were Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and loss of the nail pattern trilaminar: r=0.658, p=0.015; Framingham Score (FS) and Internal Resistance Index (IR): 0.351 to 0.526, p=0.034 to 0.002; the significant correlations by the Bayesian factor (BF) were those with a BF greater than 2.5, between QIMT expected with FS: r=0.677, BF=10.06, with total cholesterol: r=0.5232, BF=2.60, and QIMT-RF with low density lipoproteins: r=0.633, BF=3.70. CONCLUSION: The use of US in the evaluation of these patients showed significant correlations between clinical and laboratory measures, characterized by QIMT and FS as well as changes in nail insertion. Future studies may demonstrate an even better interaction.

Wortmannin targeting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase suppresses angiogenic factors in shear-stressed endothelial cells.

Modifications on shear stress-based mechanical forces are associated with pathophysiological susceptibility and their effect on endothelial cells (EC) needs to be better addressed looking for comprehending the cellular and molecular mechanisms. This prompted us to better evaluate the effects of shear stress in human primary venous EC obtained from the umbilical cord, using an in vitro model to mimic the laminar blood flow, reaching an intensity 1-4 Pa. First, our data shows there is a significant up-expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in shear-stressed cells culminating downstream with an up-phosphorylation of AKT and up-expression of MAPK-ERK, concomitant to a dynamic cytoskeleton rearrangement upon integrin subunits (α4 and ß 3) requirements. Importantly, the results show there is significant involvement of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nNOS, and vascular endothelial growth factors receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in shear-stressed EC, while cell cycle-related events seem to being changed. Additionally, although diminution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in shear-stressed EC, suggesting a global repression of genes transcription, the promoters of PI3K and eNOS genes were significantly hydroxymethylated corroborating with their respective transcriptional profiles. Finally, to better address, the pivotal role of PI3K in shear-stressed EC we have revisited these biological issues by wortmannin targeting PI3K signaling and the data shows a dependency of PI3K signaling in controlling the expression of VGFR1, VGFR2, VEGF, and eNOS, once these genes were significantly suppressed in the presence of the inhibitor, as well as transcripts from Ki67 and CDK2 genes. Finally, our data still shows a coupling between PI3K and the epigenetic landscape of shear-stressed cells, once wortmannin promotes a significant suppression of ten-11 translocation 1 (TET1), TET2, and TET3 genes, evidencing that PI3K signaling is a necessary upstream pathway to modulate TET-related genes. In this study we determined the major mechanotransduction pathway by which blood flow driven shear stress activates PI3K which plays a pivotal role on guaranteeing endothelial cell phenotype and vascular homeostasis, opening novel perspectives to understand the molecular basis of pathophysiological disorders related with the vascular system.

Cobalt-chromium-enriched medium ameliorates shear-stressed endothelial cell performance.

Angiogenesis is a relevant mechanism to be considered for the success of bone healing, even considering endosseous implantable devices, providing adequate delivery of substances necessaries for the cell viability and bone de novo deposition. Within of the repertory of metal-based implantable alloys, cobalt-chromium (CoCr) has emerged with very interesting properties for biomedical applications. Additionally, we have shown that released molecules from implants devices are able to modulate cells away and because that we hypothesized these released molecules might act on endothelial cells. In order to better address this issue, we investigated the effect of Co-Cr-enriched medium on endothelial cells (HUVECs), considering a biological model subjecting those cells to shear-stress to partially mimic the physiological environment and further allow investigating intracellular pathways responsible to drive cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell viability and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling processes. Considering the analysis of the metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities, our data indicates an intense ECM remodeling in response to CoCr-enriched medium suggesting some role on angiogenesis once ECM remodeling is prerequisite to cell growth. This was better addressed by revealing its involvement on modifying both mRNA expression and protein levels of members of the MAPK family. Additionally, the expression of CDK4 gene was modulated within the cell response to Co-Cr-enriched medium, while the modulation in the expression of P15 and P21 indicates an important regulatory mechanism required. Overall, our results demonstrate that trace of CoCr elements triggers decisive intracellular signaling in shear-stressed endothelial cells, suggesting influence on angiogenesis-related mechanism and they bring novel insights to explain the biological activity of CoCr as it has been emerged as interesting biomedical materials within the medical and dentistry fields.

Layered Double Hydroxides Are Promising Nanomaterials for Tissue Bioengineering Application.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for human health and although it has achieved some progress on this matter, their application within bioengineering is not fully addressed. This prompted to subject fibroblasts to two compositions of LDHs (Mg2 Al-Cl and Zn2 Al-Cl), considering an acute response. First, LDH particles are addressed by scanning electron microscopy, and no significant effect of the cell culture medium on the shape of LDHs particles is reported although it seems to adsorb some soluble proteins as proposed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. These LDHs release magnesium, zinc, and aluminum, but there is no cytotoxic or biocompatibility effects. The data show interference to fibroblast adhesion by driving the reorganization of actin-based cytoskeleton, preliminarily to cell cycle progression. Additionally, these molecular findings are validated by performing a functional wound-healing assay, which is accompanied by a dynamic extracellular matrix remodeling in response to the LDHs. Altogether, the results show that LDHs nanomaterials modulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration, delineating new advances on the biomaterial field applied in the context of soft tissue bioengineering, which must be explored in health disorders, such as wound healing in burn injuries.

c-Src kinase contributes on endothelial cells mechanotransduction in a heat shock protein 70-dependent turnover manner.

Shear stress changes are associated with a repertory of signaling cascade modulating vascular phenotype. As shear stress-related tensional forces might be associated with pathophysiological susceptibility, a more comprehensive molecular map needs to be addressed. Thus, we subjected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to a circuit of different tensional forces in vitro considering the following three groups: (a) physiological blood flow shear stress condition (named Normo), (b) a hypertensive blood flow shear stress (named Hyper), and (c) these hyper-stressed cells were returned to Normo condition (named Return). The samples were properly collected to allow different methodologies analysis. Our data showed a pivotal involvement of c-Src on driving the mechanotransduction cascade by modulating signaling related with adhesion, survival (PI3K/Akt) and proliferative phenotype. Moreover, c-Src seems to develop important role during extracellular matrix remodeling. Additionally, proteomic analysis showed strong involvement of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the hypertensive-stressed cells; it being significantly decreased in return phenotype. This result prompted us to investigate 20S proteasome as an intracellular proteolytic alternative route to promote the turnover of those proteins. Surprisingly, our data reveled significant overexpression of sets of proteasome subunit α-type (PSMA) and ß-type (PSMB) genes. In conjunction, our data showed c-Src as a pivotal protein to drive mechanotransduction in endothelial cells in a HSP70-dependent turnover scenario. Because shear patterns is associated with pathophysiological changes, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, these results paved new road to understand the molecular mechanism on driving mechanotransduction in endothelial cells and, if drugable, these targets must be considered within pharmacological treatment optimization.

Educational animation about home care with premature newborn infants.

OBJECTIVE: to elaborate and validate animation on the care of premature newborn infants at home. METHOD: Methodological study in three stages: integrative review on home care; animation design based on Roper, Logan and Tierney's Model named "Activities of Living" (ALs), and validation of content and appearance by neonatology specialists. The steps to develop the animation were: creation of storyboard; definition of objects; specification of keyframes; and frame generation among key frameworks. RESULTS: Of the 53 articles selected in the review, care was extracted and grouped into the twelve activities of living. Three storyboards were created to embrace all care and validated by 22 experts. Most of the care had matches above 80%. CONCLUSION: The validation of the storyboards made it possible to glimpse the changes in scenes and dialogues in a clearer and more detailed way. Animation is an innovative educational technology to support teaching and learning of parents and family.

Nano hydroxyapatite-blasted titanium surface creates a biointerface able to govern Src-dependent osteoblast metabolism as prerequisite to ECM remodeling.

Over the last several years, we have focused on the importance of intracellular signaling pathways in dynamically governing the biointerface between pre-osteoblast and surface of biomaterial. Thus, this study investigates the molecular hallmarks involved in the pre-osteoblast relationship with different topography considering Machined (Mc), Dual Acid-Etching (DAE), and nano hydroxyapatite-blasted (nHA) groups. There was substantial differences in topography of titanium surface, considering Atomic Force Microscopy and water contact angle (Mc = 81.41 ±â€¯0.01; DAE = 97.18 ±â€¯0.01; nHA = 40.95 ±â€¯0.02). Later, to investigate their topography differences on biological responses, pre-osteoblast was seeded on the different surfaces and biological samples were collected after 24 h (to consider adhesion signaling) and 10 days (to consider differentiation signaling). Preliminary results evidenced significant differences in morphological changes of pre-osteoblasts mainly resulting from the interaction with the DAE and nHA, distinguishing cellular adaptation. These results pushed us to analyze activation of specific genes by exploring qPCR technology. In sequence, we showed that Src performs crucial roles during cell adhesion and later differentiation of the pre-osteoblast in relationship with titanium-based biomaterials, as our results confirmed strong feedback of the Src activity on the integrin-based pathway, because integrin-ß1 (∼5-fold changes), FAK (∼12-fold changes), and Src (∼3.5-fold changes) were significantly up-expressed when Src was chemically inhibited by PP1 (5 µM). Moreover, ECM-related genes were rigorously reprogrammed in response to the different surfaces, resulting on Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) activities concomitant to a significant decrease of MMP inhibitors. In parallel, we showed PP1-based Src inhibition promotes a significant increase of MMP activity. Taking all our results into account, we showed for the first time nano hydroxyapatite-blasted titanium surface creates a biointerface able to govern Src-dependent osteoblast metabolism as pre-requisite to ECM remodeling.

Educational animation about home care with premature newborn infants / Animación educativa sobre cuidados domiciliarios con el prematuro / Animação educativa sobre cuidados domiciliares com o prematuro

ABSTRACT Objective: to elaborate and validate animation on the care of premature newborn infants at home. Method: Methodological study in three stages: integrative review on home care; animation design based on Roper, Logan and Tierney's Model named "Activities of Living" (ALs), and validation of content and appearance by neonatology specialists. The steps to develop the animation were: creation of storyboard; definition of objects; specification of keyframes; and frame generation among key frameworks. Results: Of the 53 articles selected in the review, care was extracted and grouped into the twelve activities of living. Three storyboards were created to embrace all care and validated by 22 experts. Most of the care had matches above 80%. Conclusion: The validation of the storyboards made it possible to glimpse the changes in scenes and dialogues in a clearer and more detailed way. Animation is an innovative educational technology to support teaching and learning of parents and family.

RESUMEN Objetivo: elaborar y validar una animación sobre los cuidados con el prematuro en el domicilio. Método: Estudio metodológico en tres etapas: revisión integrativa sobre los cuidados domiciliarios; la elaboración de la animación basada en el "Modelo de Actividades de Vida" de Roper, Logan y Tierney, y validación de contenido y apariencia por especialistas en neonatología. Para desarrollar la animación se hizo: storyboard; definición de objetos; especificación de cuadros clave; y generación de cuadros entre los cuadros clave. Resultados: De los 53 artículos seleccionados en la revisión fueron extraídos los cuidados y agrupados en las doce actividades de vida. Se produjeron tres storyboards para contemplar todos esos cuidados, y fueron validados por 22 especialistas. La mayoría de los cuidados obtuvieron concordancia por encima del 80%. Conclusión: La validación de los storyboards permitió vislumbrar las modificaciones en escenas y diálogos de forma más clara y minuciosa. La animación es una tecnología educativa innovadora en el apoyo a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de padres y familiares.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar e validar animação sobre os cuidados com o prematuro no domicílio. Método: Estudo metodológico em três etapas: revisão integrativa sobre cuidados domiciliares; elaboração da animação com base no "Modelo de Atividades de Vida" de Roper, Logan e Tierney, e validação de conteúdo e aparência por especialistas em neonatologia. Para desenvolver a animação seguiu-se: storyboard; definição de objetos; especificação de quadros-chave; e geração de quadros entre os quadros-chave. Resultados: Dos 53 artigos selecionados na revisão foram extraídos os cuidados e agrupados nas doze atividades de vida. Foram produzidos três storyboards no sentido de contemplar todos esses cuidados, e foram validados por 22 especialistas. A maioria dos cuidados obteve concordância acima de 80%. Conclusão: A validação dos storyboards possibilitou vislumbrar as modificações em cenas e diálogos de forma mais clara e minuciosa. A animação é uma tecnologia educacional inovadora no apoio ao ensino-aprendizagem de pais e familiares.

Speciation and quantification of Hg in sediments contaminated by artisanal gold mining in the Gualaxo do Norte River, Minas Gerais, SE, Brazil.

The Iron Quadrangle in SE Brazil was, in the eighteenth century, one of the most important Au producing regions of Brazil. In this region, gold is produced, even today, by artisanal methods that use Hg to increase the extraction efficiency with no control of Hg release to water systems and the atmosphere. In this context, the Gualaxo do Norte River is of particular interest; its springs are located in the Doce River basin, an important Brazilian basin that supplies water for 3.5 million people. The main goal of this work was to quantify and speciate the Hg in the sediments of the Gualaxo do Norte River using a direct mercury analyzer and gas chromatography-pyrolysis-atomic fluorescence detection system. Statistical analyses consisted of principal component analysis, aiming to assess interactions among elements and species and to group the variables in factors affecting the properties of sediment. The results show that total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (CH3Hg+) concentrations in samples ranged from 209 to 1207 µg kg-1 and from 0.07 to 1.00 µg kg-1, respectively (methylation percentages from 0.01 to 0.27%). Thermal desorption analysis showed that mercury is mainly present in the oxidized form, and correlation analyses pointed to a relationship between THg and MnO, indicating that manganese can oxidize and/or adsorb Hg. Together, MO and CH3Hg+ are important parameters in the third principal component, indicating the influence of OM on the methylation process. This first investigation on Hg methylation in this small-scale gold mining area points to the possibility of Hg bioaccumulation and to the need of better understanding the biogeochemical cycle of Hg in this area. Samples were collected in 2012, prior to the 2015 Fundão Dam disaster. The results are also a record of the characteristics of the sediment prior to that event.

Sawdust Derivative for Environmental Application: Chemistry, Functionalization and Removal of textile dye from aqueous solution.

The adsorption of Violet Remazol 5R (VR 5) on wood sawdust modified with succinic anhydride (SSA) as a function of contact time, pH, and initial dye concentrations was investigated using a batch technique under ambient conditions. The SSA obtained was confirmed by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and 13C NMR, and degrees of substitution (DS) were calculated. A study on the effect of the pH on the adsorption of VR 5 showed that the optimum pH was 2.0. The interactions were assayed with respect to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, and were found to follow closely the pseudo-second-order. The isotherm was adjusted to the Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin sorption models. SSA is a promising material for the removal of dye textile from aqueous solutions, and under conditions studied the removal percentage achieved was 51.7%.

Genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from HIV-infected patients and immunocompetent children of São Paulo, Brazil.

Cryptosporidium isolates identified in fourteen stool samples, collected from five HIV-infected patients and nine immunocompetent children, living in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, were submitted to a molecular analysis using a nested PCR followed of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), for genetic characterization. The analysis was based on digestion with RsaI restriction enzyme of a DNA fragment amplified from the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene. Based on this analysis, four samples were identified as Cryptosporidium parvum, eight as Cryptosporidium hominis and two presented a profile that corresponded to Cryptosporidium meleagridis when compared to the standards used in the analysis. The use of molecular methods can be helpful to identify source of infections and risk factors related to Cryptosporidium infection in our communities.

Genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from hiv-infected patients and immunocompetent children of São Paulo, Brazil / Identificação genotípica de Cryptosporidium spp. isolados a partir de pacientes com HIV e crianças imunocompetentes de São Paulo, Brasil

Cryptosporidium isolates identified in fourteen stool samples, collected from five HIV-infected patients and nine immunocompetent children, living in the Sate of São Paulo, Brazil, were submitted to a molecular analysis using a nested PCR followed of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), for genetic characterization. The analysis was based on digestion with RsaI restriction enzyme of a DNA fragment amplified from the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene. Based on this analysis, four samples were identified as Cryptosporidium parvum, eight as Cryptosporidium hominis and two presented a profile that correspondedto Cryptosporidium meleagridis when compared to the standards used in the analysis. The use of molecular methods can be helpful to identify source of infections and risk factors related to Cryptosporidium infection in our communities.

Isolados de Cryptosporidium identificados em quatorze amostras de fezes, coletadas de cinco pacientes com infecção por HIV e de nove crianças imunocompetentes, residentes no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foram submetidos a análise molecular por Nested-PCR, seguido da caracterização genética por polimorfismo do tamanho do fragmento de restrição (RFLP). A análise foi baseada na digestão, com a enzima de restrição RsaI, de um fragmento de DNA amplificado do gene que codifica a proteína de parede do oocisto de Cryptosporidium (COWP). Baseado nesta análise, quando comparadas aos padrões utilizados, quatro amostras foram identificadas como Cryptosporidium parvum, oito como Cryptosporidium hominis e duas apresentaram um perfil correspondente ao de Cryptosporidium meleagridis. O uso de métodos moleculares pode ser útil para identificar a fonte das infecções e os fatores de risco relacionados à infecção por Cryptosporidium em nossas comunidades.

The Malone Antegrade Continence Enema (MACE) principle in children: is it important if the conduit is implanted in the left or the right colon?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine which was the optimal side for the conduit to be placed (right or left colon) for antegrade continence enema implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 1999 and March 2006, 31 patients underwent the construction of a catheterizable conduit using the Malone principle (MACE) In 22 cases the conduit was re-implanted in the right colon and in 9 cases in the left colon. There were 20 male patients and 11 female patients, with a mean age of 10.23 years. The follow-up period varied from 3 from 83 months (average 25 months). Right and left implantation of the conduit in the colon were compared with regards to the presence of complications, volume of the solution utilized, frequency of colonic lavage, time needed for performing the enema, and degree of satisfaction. RESULTS: One patient with the conduit in the right colon, using the appendix, lost the mechanism after two month follow-up. Thirty patients remain clean and are all capable of performing self-catheterization. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding the variables studied: complications (p = 1.000), solution volume (p = 0.996), time required (p = 0.790) and patient's rating (p = 0.670). The lavage frequency required for patients with the conduit in the right colon may be lower. CONCLUSION: The MACE principle was considered effective for treating fecal retention and leaks, independent of the implantation site. The success of this surgery appears to be directly related to the patient's motivation and not to the technique utilized.