Mobile Content and Scenario-Based Manikin for Improving Learning Outcomes in Obstetrics of Preclinical Medical Students.

Background: Multimedia programs have emerged in higher education institutions, including medical school. There is no clear evidence that such a movement can improve medical student's learning, application, and self-confidence especially high clinical skill procedures that are required to prepare before clinical year. Objective: To assess learning outcomes of knowledge, skill, application in medical students' performance, and self-confidence in Leopold maneuver after using instructional media, mobile content compared with scenario-base manikin. Material and Method: All of third year medical students received standard objective structural clinical examination guide prior to perform maneuver then self-study with Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) mobile content before traditional lecture and scenario-based manikin in laboratory room. Student's learning outcome, knowledge skill, application, and selfconfidence in obstetrics maneuver were assessed. Paired t-test was used to analyze data. Results: All 60 medical students completed the basic obstetrics, Leopold maneuver in introduction to clinical medicine course. Knowledge about indication, contraindication, and complication in scenario-based manikin, was higher than SUT mobile content significantly (p = 0.03). Clinical skills are statistically significant different between SUT mobile content and scenariobased manikin (p<0.01), except fourth step of Leopold maneuver, fetal heart sound assessment and interpretation. Preparation before procedure in first, second, and third step of Leopold maneuver, scenario-based manikin was significantly higher than SUT mobile content (p = 0.03, p<0.01, p = 0.04 and p = 0.04, respectively). Application in knowledge to publish and selfconfidence is better in scenario-base manikin (p = 0.01 and <0.01, respectively). Teacher has better ability of knowledge transfer to medical students in SUT mobile content than manikin (p = 0.01) but the use of learning time is no different. Conclusion: SUT mobile content has reported increased learning outcomes to performed Leopold maneuver in knowledge and clinical skills. The application in knowledge to interpretation and applied to real practice were not different in both groups. The scenario-based manikin has higher self-confidence than mobile content.

Psychometric Properties of Depression Anxiety and Stress in Preclinical Medical Students.

Background: Medical education and learning outcomes might adversely affect students' mental health in all axes depression, anxiety, and stress. Faculty has a concern regarding the mental well-being of the medical students. Objective: Explore the prevalence of depressive anxiety and stress symptoms, ways of coping, and their relationships to variables among preclinical medical students. Material and Method: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in preclinical medical students, Suranaree University of Technology in March 2015. Two hundred thirty medical students (First, second, and third year students) were included and then completed the Self-administered questionnaire, The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) is a quantitatively measured for distress along the three axes of depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: At the beginning of the study, 230 students enrolled in the study (43.2% male). The overall response rate among medical students was 92.61% (213/230). The prevalence of mild to moderate degree in depression, anxiety, and stress level was 9.4%, 22.5%, and 5.6%, respectively while the prevalence of severe to extremely severe degree in depression, anxiety, and stress level was 0.9%, 3.2%, and 0%, respectively. The second-year medical students exhibited the highest percentage of depression, anxiety, and stress but there was no significant difference among depression, anxiety, and stress between academic year in preclinical medical students. No burnout and suicidal ideation were reported by either males or females. Conclusion: This present indicated that medical students have a low level of depression, anxiety, and stress, however, the data is useful for further planning of prevention in psychometric risks.