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1.
Proc Biol Sci ; 290(2003): 20231021, 2023 07 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37465983

ABSTRACT

The flexibility to associate with more than one symbiont may considerably expand a host's niche breadth. Coral animals and dinoflagellate micro-algae represent one of the most functionally integrated and widespread mutualisms between two eukaryotic partners. Symbiont identity greatly affects a coral's ability to cope with extremes in temperature and light. Over its broad distribution across the Eastern Pacific, the ecologically dominant branching coral, Pocillopora grandis, depends on mutualisms with the dinoflagellates Durusdinium glynnii and Cladocopium latusorum. Measurements of skeletal growth, calcification rates, total mass increase, calyx dimensions, reproductive output and response to thermal stress were used to assess the functional performance of these partner combinations. The results show both host-symbiont combinations displayed similar phenotypes; however, significant functional differences emerged when exposed to increased temperatures. Negligible physiological differences in colonies hosting the more thermally tolerant D. glynnii refute the prevailing view that these mutualisms have considerable growth tradeoffs. Well beyond the Eastern Pacific, pocilloporid colonies with D. glynnii are found across the Pacific in warm, environmentally variable, near shore lagoonal habitats. While rising ocean temperatures threaten the persistence of contemporary coral reefs, lessons from the Eastern Pacific indicate that co-evolved thermally tolerant host-symbiont combinations are likely to expand ecologically and spread geographically to dominate reef ecosystems in the future.


Subject(s)
Anthozoa , Dinoflagellida , Animals , Anthozoa/physiology , Ecosystem , Coral Reefs , Temperature , Dinoflagellida/physiology , Symbiosis/physiology
2.
J Surg Case Rep ; 2023(5): rjad264, 2023 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37215623

ABSTRACT

Critical defects of the chest wall require robust soft tissue coverage to protect the thoracic viscera. We define massive chest wall defects as larger than two-thirds of the chest wall. For such defects, classic flaps like the omentum, latissimus dorsi and anterolateral thigh flaps are usually insufficient. In our patient, a bilateral total mastectomy for locally advanced breast cancer resulted in a massive chest wall defect (40 by 30 cm). Soft tissue coverage was achieved with a combined anterolateral-lower medial thigh flaps. Revascularization of the anterolateral thigh and lower medial thigh components was via the internal mammary and thoracoacromial vessels, respectively. Post-operative recovery was uneventful and the patient received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in a timely manner. The total follow up was 24-months. We illustrate the novel use of the lower medial thigh territory in extending the size of the anterolateral thigh flap to reconstruct massive chest wall defects.

3.
Nature ; 615(7950): 80-86, 2023 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36859581

ABSTRACT

The distribution of dryland trees and their density, cover, size, mass and carbon content are not well known at sub-continental to continental scales1-14. This information is important for ecological protection, carbon accounting, climate mitigation and restoration efforts of dryland ecosystems15-18. We assessed more than 9.9 billion trees derived from more than 300,000 satellite images, covering semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa north of the Equator. We attributed wood, foliage and root carbon to every tree in the 0-1,000 mm year-1 rainfall zone by coupling field data19, machine learning20-22, satellite data and high-performance computing. Average carbon stocks of individual trees ranged from 0.54 Mg C ha-1 and 63 kg C tree-1 in the arid zone to 3.7 Mg C ha-1 and 98 kg tree-1 in the sub-humid zone. Overall, we estimated the total carbon for our study area to be 0.84 (±19.8%) Pg C. Comparisons with 14 previous TRENDY numerical simulation studies23 for our area found that the density and carbon stocks of scattered trees have been underestimated by three models and overestimated by 11 models, respectively. This benchmarking can help understand the carbon cycle and address concerns about land degradation24-29. We make available a linked database of wood mass, foliage mass, root mass and carbon stock of each tree for scientists, policymakers, dryland-restoration practitioners and farmers, who can use it to estimate farmland tree carbon stocks from tablets or laptops.


Subject(s)
Carbon , Desert Climate , Ecosystem , Trees , Carbon/analysis , Carbon/metabolism , Trees/anatomy & histology , Trees/chemistry , Trees/metabolism , Desiccation , Satellite Imagery , Africa South of the Sahara , Machine Learning , Wood/analysis , Plant Roots , Agriculture , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Databases, Factual , Biomass , Computers
4.
Acta méd. colomb ; 48(1)mar. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1549989

ABSTRACT

Introduction: urticaria has a high impact on the quality of life of patients with this condition. While there are multiple evidence-based guidelines, these tend to be aimed at providing management recommendations for specialists rather than primary care physicians, who are usually the first to care for patients with urticaria. Objective: to develop a consensus document aimed at presenting evidence-based recommendations to help general practitioners, family doctors, pediatricians, internists and emergency physicians provide timely care for patients with urticaria, facilitating its diagnosis and timely care, and thus avoiding delays for the patients. Methods: international urticaria guidelines with recommendations based on the GRADE system were used as the source of information. Delegates of the interested scientific societies were convened, and, through structured meetings, treatment barriers and possible solutions for the application of the recommendations in primary care were identified. Results: the main barriers for primary care physicians in applying the guidelines were identified: confusion in the diagnosis, proper timing of treatment, first-line medications, and management of special situations. Possible consensus solutions were proposed for each identified barrier. Conclusion: this consensus document contains recommendations for the management and treatment of acute and chronic urticaria which help primary care physicians provide timely and effective treatment for patients with this disease. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2722).

5.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 49(1)ene.-mar. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-220518

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo: La gluteoplastia de aumento con lipoinjertos es uno de los procedimientos estéticos más realizados en el mundo, sin embargo, dada su alta tasa de mortalidad frente a los demás procedimientos estéticos, durante la última década se han publicado varios estudios y artículos en busca de recomendaciones para reducir desenlaces fatales. Revisamos la literatura actual para identificar índices de mortalidad, consensuar las recomendaciones encontradas e identificar estudios cadavéricos que permitan cuestionar si este procedimiento es seguro y si las medidas tomadas hasta el momento son suficientes para la seguridad de los pacientes. Material y método: Revisión mediante búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos científicas de artículos en cuyo contenido hubiera datos sobre casos nuevos, fisiopatología de complicaciones mayores y menores y estrategias para prevenirlas. Resultados: Obtuvimos 11 documentos: boletines, artículos de revisión, reportes de caso, revisiones sistemáticas y estudios experimentales en cadáveres. Conclusiones: En la lipoinyección glútea, la inyección del lipoinjerto en planos submúsculares supone aumento del riesgo de presentación de complicaciones macroscópicas y microscópicas por la migración de grasa al torrente sanguíneo. A pesar de las múltiples recomendaciones ya establecidas, abogamos por el desarrollo de técnicas que permitan asegurar la lipoinyección en plano subcutáneo. (AU)


Background and objective: Augmentation gluteoplasty with fat grafting is one of the most performed aesthetic procedures in the world, however, given its high mortality rate compared to other aesthetic procedures, during the last decade several studies and articles have been published in search of recommendations for reduce their fatal outcomes. We conduct a literature review in order to identify mortality rates, reach a consensus on the recommendations found, and identify cadaveric studies that may question whether this procedure is safe and whether the measures taken to date will be sufficient for patient safety. Methods: A review article was carried out through an exhaustive search in scientific databases, which included data on new reported cases, pathophysiology of major and minor complications and presented strategies. prevention of these complications. Results: A total of 11 documents were obtained, among which we found bulletins, review articles, case reports, systematic reviews, and experimental studies in cadavers. Conclusions: In gluteal lipoinjection, the injection of the lipograft in submuscular planes implies an increased risk of macroscopic and microscopic complications of fat migration through the bloodstream. Despite the multiple recommendations already established, we advocate the development of techniques that allow graft injection to be ensured subcutaneously. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Buttocks/surgery , Surgery, Plastic/adverse effects , Surgery, Plastic/mortality
6.
Repert. med. cir ; 31(Suplemento): 52-56, 2022. ilus., tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1380857

ABSTRACT

Introducción: esta pandemia ha marcado la necesidad de comprender cómo sobrevivimos a las infecciones y por qué el tratamiento puede ser heterogéneo. Objetivo: reseñar la tasa de letalidad por COVID-19 en Colombia entre el 6 de marzo 2020 y 31 de diciembre 2021. Metodología: estudio transversal, como fuente de información se obtuvo el plan nacional de vacunación contra COVID-19 del sitio web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados: se establecieron por meses las tasas de letalidad por COVID-19 por meses en 2020 y 2021 en Colombia. Se apreció que en el período mencionado el mes con mayor tasa de letalidad fue febrero 2021 con 3,69% y el de menor fue diciembre 2021 con 1,61%. Conclusión: los registros de letalidad y tasas de mortalidad por COVID-19 posibilitan monitorear la pandemia, pero están sesgados por el diagnóstico posterior de la infección por SAR-CoV2 y la demora en la notificación.


Introduction: This pandemic poses the need to understand how to survive infections and why treatment may be heterogenous. Objective: to review the COVID-19 case fatality rate in Colombia between March 6, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Methodology:a cross-sectional study. Data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website based on the COVID ­ 19 vaccination plan. Results: COVID-19 case fatality rates were established by months in 2020 and 2021 in Colombia. It wasobserved that for the abovementioned period, the month with the highest case fatality rate was February 2021 with 3.69% and the lowest was December 2021 with 1.61%. Conclusion: the records of lethality and mortality rates enable monitoring the pandemic but are biased due to delays in confirming SAR-CoV2 infection and delays in reporting.


Subject(s)
SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Mortality , Pandemics
7.
Repert. med. cir ; 31(Suplemento): 63-66, 2022. ilus.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1380883

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el 17 de febrero 2021 se inició el programa de vacunación masiva en Colombia contra el COVID-19, al 17 de febrero 2022 se han aplicado 75'732.846 de dosis en todo el país. El mejor momento de la vacunación se dio el 6 de agosto 2021 cuando se aplicaron 594.933 dosis. Objetivo: mostrar el comportamiento del plan de vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 en el periodo comprendido entre el 17 de febrero 2021 al 17 de febrero 2022. Metodología: estudio transversal con fuente de información del plan de vacunación nacional contra el COVID-19 de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados: en noviembre 2021 se evidenció el mayor número de aplicaciones (10'117.202), en junio el mayor número de segunda dosis (3'469.508), en julio el mayor de monodosis (2'322.994), en julio el de esquemas completos (5'282.778) y el mayor número de dosis de refuerzo se presentó en enero 2022 (2'390.185). Conclusión: es de transcendental importancia realizar el seguimiento al proceso de vacunación para comprender su eficacia, la posible disminución de la respuesta inmune con el tiempo y los posibles efectos adversos. También es fundamental hacer el seguimiento a las mutaciones del virus que se presenten en el país y que afecten la inmunidad proporcionada por las vacunas.


Introduction: mass vaccination against COVID-19 begun in February 2021. As of February17 2022, 75'732.846 doses had been administered nationwide. Peak vaccination rates were achieved on August 6 2021 when 594.933 doses were administered. Objective: to show the SARS-COV-2 vaccination plan behavior in the period between February 17 2021 and February 17 2022. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website, based on the national COVID-19 vaccination plan reports. Results: the highest number of doses (10'117.202) was administered in November 2021, the highest number of second doses (3'469.508) was administered in June, the highest number of single doses (2'322.994), as well as the highest number of doses which completed primary vaccination courses (5'282.778) were applied in July, and the highest number of booster doses (2'390.185). was applied in January 2022. Conclusion: vaccination process follow-up, to understand vaccine effectiveness, likelihood of immune response decrease over time and possible adverse effects, is crucial. Tracking virus mutations detected in the country, affecting vaccine-induced immunity, is also essential.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Vaccines , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
8.
Repert. med. cir ; 31(Suplemento): 10-13, 2022. graf.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1367418

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el inicio de la pandemia inducida por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-COVID-19 generó la acción más importante de salud pública y de economía en todo el mundo. Objetivo: mostrar el comportamiento de la curva epidémica por COVID-19 en los años 2020 y 2021 en Colombia. Metodología: estudio transversal cuya información se obtuvo de la página web del Instituto Nacional de Salud de los reportes diarios de contagio por COVID-19. Resultados: se encontró en 2020 un punto máximo o meseta que se ubicó en la semana 26 con 209.284 casos y para 2021 también en la semana 26 con 209.284 casos. Conclusión: el hecho de contar con elementos estadísticos suficientes y confiables para establecer la etapa en la que se localiza la curva epidémica, tiene implicaciones directas sobre la toma de decisiones. Es importante aprovechar las oportunidades de corrección técnica que exigen los métodos y modelos epidemiológicos a partir de la experiencia internacional.


Introduction: the initial surge of the SARS-CoV-2-COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic generated the most important public health and economic global action. Objective: to show the behavior of the COVID-19 epidemic curve for years 2020 and 2021 in Colombia. Methodology: a cross-sectional study based on daily reports of COVID-19 cases registered in the National Institute of Health web page. Results: in 2020 a peak or plateau pattern was evidenced at week 26 with 209.284 cases. In 2021 there was a similar peak at week 26 with 209.284 cases. Conclusion: having sufficient and reliable statistical elements to plot the epidemic curve portraying the data, directly contributes to decision making. It is important to employ the available technical correction tools required by epidemiological methods and models, based on international experience.


Subject(s)
SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Communicable Disease Control , Public Health , Pandemics
9.
Repert. med. cir ; 31(Suplemento): 14-18, 2022. tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1367499

ABSTRACT

Introducción: a pesar del célebre desarrollo, licenciamiento y distribución de vacunas efectivas contra COVID-19, el número de casos y muertes registrados recientemente continuó creciendo a nivel mundial hasta el verano del hemisferio norte de 2021. Objetivo: mostrar los países con los mayores porcentajes de cambio absoluto en las personas vacunadas para COVID-19, entre el 13 de diciembre 2020 al 6 de enero 2022. Metodología: esta investigación se realizó bajo un estudio transversal, la información se obtuvo de la página web de la recolectada por parte de Our World in Data para vacunación contra COVID-19. Resultados: se determinó que los países con mayores cambios absolutos de personas vacunadas en porcentaje fueron: Gibraltar (117,73), Portugal (89,65), Emiratos Árabes Unidos (88,97), Brunéi (87,27), Singapur (87), y Chile (86,35). Conclusión: hay que establecer sistemas de suministro de vacunas y la infraestructura necesaria para certificar el acceso a las vacunas contra la COVID-19 de los grupos poblacionales prioritarios a nivel mundial.


Introduction: despite the celebrated development, licensure and distribution of effective COVID-19 vaccines, the number of recently reported cases and deaths continued to rise globally up to the Northern Hemisphere summer of 2021. Objective: to show the countries with the highest percentage of absolute change of people vaccinated against COVID-19 between December 13 2020 and January 6 2022. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted for this research, based on the Our World in Data web page COVID-19 vaccination data. Results: it was determined that the countries with the highest percentage of absolute change of vaccinated people were: Gibraltar (117.73), Portugal (89.65), United Arab Emirates (88.97), Brunei (87.27), Singapore (87), and Chile (86.35). Conclusion: vaccine delivery systems and infrastructure require to be established to ensure COVID-19 vaccines access to priority target groups around the world.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Vaccines , Pandemics , COVID-19 Vaccines , SARS-CoV-2
10.
Theriogenology ; 174: 60-72, 2021 Oct 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34419697

ABSTRACT

Freeze boar semen is still the biggest challenge for the swine industry due to the high cold shock sensitivity of boar sperm cells and the variance of post-thaw results among individuals and ejaculates from the same boar. To solve this problem, we investigate if miRNAs present in sperm cells and small extracellular vesicles (EVs) from seminal plasma of raw boar ejaculates can predict high-quality ejaculates after underwent the freeze-thaw process. For this, we obtained miRNAs samples of sperm cells and EVs from raw seminal plasma from 27 ejaculates before the cryopreservation process. Two groups with different freezability considering the analysis post-thaw of structure and sperm functionality were formed: High freezability (HF; n = 04) and low freezability (LF; n = 04). That done, we investigated the miRNAs profile of sperm cells and EVs from seminal plasma in both groups. Three miRNAs were differently abundant in LF ejaculates, being the ssc-miR-503 found in higher levels in sperm cells (P < 0.10). The ssc-miR-130a and ssc-miR-9 most abundant in EVs from seminal plasma (P < 0.10), in LF ejaculates. Through enrichment analysis, it was possible to verify that these miRNAs could be performing modifications in the development of male germ cells and in the production of energy to spermatozoa to maintain their viability and functionality. Therefore, we can demonstrate that ssc-miR-503, ssc-miR-130a, and ssc-miR-9 are related to low sperm cryotolerance in boars semen. So those miRNAs can be used as a biomarker to predict their low ability to tolerate the cryopreservation process.


Subject(s)
Extracellular Vesicles , MicroRNAs , Semen Preservation , Animals , Biomarkers , Male , MicroRNAs/genetics , Semen , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Spermatozoa , Swine
11.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 47(2): 217-226, abril-junio 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-217355

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo: El síndrome burnout o síndrome de desgaste profesional, fue descrito por Freudenberger, psiquiatra psicoanalista norteamericano en 1974, y empleado públicamente por primera vez por Cristina Maslach en 1976 para referirse a una situación cada vez más frecuente entre trabajadores de los servicios humanos, que por la naturaleza de su trabajo, debían mantener un contacto directo y continuo con la gente, desgastándose profesionalmente tras meses o años de dedicación. En los 80, Maslach creó un instrumento para su valoración, el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), con 3 versiones, una de los cuales tiene como objetivo las personas que trabajan en el sector de servicios de la salud, que valora 3 dimensiones: agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal en el trabajo, que sigue vigente y es considerado el instrumento más utilizado y acertado para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad.El objetivo de nuestro estudio es determinar la frecuencia y factores asociados del síndrome de desgaste profesional en médicos especialistas y estudiantes de posgrado en Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reconstructiva en Colombia.Material y método.Estudio de corte transversal durante el XX Curso Internacional de Cirugía Plástica Estética de la Sociedad Colombiana de Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reconstructiva (SCCP) de septiembre 2018 en Barranquilla. Solicitamos consentimiento informado y utilizamos el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory y un cuestionario sociodemográfico para evaluar los factores asociados con el síndrome. Definimos el burnout o síndrome de desgaste profesional como la asociación de alto agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y bajo rendimiento profesional. Realizamos el análisis multivariado después del ajuste del modelo logístico binario con la identificación de los factores de riesgo y el calculo de (OR). De los 623 médicos registrados en el curso, 132 participaron en el estudio. (AU)


Background and objective: The burnout was originally described by Freudenberger, an American psychoanalyst psychiatrist in 1974, and this term was used for the first time by Cristina Maslach in 1976 to refer to an increasingly frequent situation among workers of human services, who by the nature of their work, had to maintain direct and continuous contact with people, wasting out professionally after months or years of dedication. In the 1980s, Maslach created an instrument for its assessment, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), with 3 versions, one aimed at people who work in the human services sector (Human Services Survey). It values 3 dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment at work, is still in use and is considered the most accurate instrument for diagnosing the disease.The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and associated factors of burnout syndrome in a group of plastic surgeons and postgraduate students in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery in Colombia.Methods.Cross-sectional study carried out during the XX International Course of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of the Colombian Society of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (SCCP) carried out in September 2018 in Barranquilla. Informed consent was requested and the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to evaluate the factors associated with the syndrome. Burnout syndrome was defined as the association of high emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. The multivariate analysis was performed after fitting the binary logistic model with the identification of risk factors and the calculation of the (OR). Of the 623 physicians registered in the course, 132 participated in the study. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Burnout, Professional , Surgery, Plastic , Fatigue
12.
Front Vet Sci ; 8: 639752, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33748215

ABSTRACT

Early embryonic development occurs in the oviduct, where an ideal microenvironment is provided by the epithelial cells and by the oviductal fluid produced by these cells. The oviductal fluid contains small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which through their contents, including microRNAs (miRNAs), can ensure proper cell communication between the mother and the embryo. However, little is known about the modulation of miRNAs within oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) and sEVs from the oviductal fluid in pregnant cows. In this study, we evaluate the miRNAs profile in sEVs from the oviductal flushing (OF-sEVs) and OECs from pregnant cows compared to non-pregnant, at 120 h after ovulation induction. In OF-sEVs, eight miRNAs (bta-miR-126-5p, bta-miR-129, bta-miR-140, bta-miR-188, bta-miR-219, bta-miR-345-3p, bta-miR-4523, and bta-miR-760-3p) were up-regulated in pregnant and one miRNA (bta-miR-331-5p) was up-regulated in non-pregnant cows. In OECs, six miRNAs (bta-miR-133b, bta-miR-205, bta-miR-584, bta-miR-551a, bta-miR-1193, and bta-miR-1225-3p) were up-regulated in non-pregnant and none was up-regulated in pregnant cows. Our results suggest that embryonic maternal communication mediated by sEVs initiates in the oviduct, and the passage of gametes and the embryo presence modulate miRNAs contents of sEVs and OECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated the transcriptional levels modulation of selected genes in OECs in pregnant cows. Therefore, the embryonic-maternal crosstalk potentially begins during early embryonic development in the oviduct through the modulation of miRNAs in OECs and sEVs in pregnant cows.

13.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 41-45, 2021. ilus., tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361393

ABSTRACT

Introducción: desde la identificación de los primeros casos de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) originada por el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) en diciembre 2019, la pandemia resultante ha dado lugar a más de 130 millones de casos confirmados y más de 2,8 millones de muertes en todo el mundo a 6 de abril 2021. Objetivo: mostrar si hay alguna correlación de los contagios por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2, entre el 17 de febrero al 17 de mayo de 2021. Metodología: la información se obtuvo de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, de los informes diarios de contagio y vacunación contra el COVID-19 entre el periodo comprendido entre el periodo mencionado. Resultados: el p-valor de las pruebas para las variables contagio y vacunación para COVID-19 es 0,000, menor de α =0.01, de esta manera se acepta Ha, es decir la prueba de correlación de Pearson nos indica que existe relación entre el número de contagios por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 en Colombia. Conclusión: a partir de la vacunación contra COVID-19 a mediados de febrero de 2021 en Colombia, no se ha evidenciado un registro de la disminución del número de contagios por COVID-19. Este estudio aporta los primeros datos del país sobre el impacto de la vacuna contra el SARS-COV-2 en la población.


Introduction: since the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were identified in December 2019, the resulting pandemic has account for more than 130 million confirmed cases and more than 2.8 million deaths worldwide, as of April 6 2021. Objective: to show if there is a correlation between COVID-19 infections and SARS-COV-2 vaccination from February 17 to May 17 2021. Methodology: the information was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website, based on COVID 19 infection and SARS-COV-2 vaccination daily reports for said period. Results: the p-value for the tests for COVID-19 infection and vaccination variables is 0.000, which is less than α =0.01, thus, the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, which means that the Pearson correlation test indicates that there is a relationship between the number of COVID-19 infections and vaccination against SARS-COV-2 in Colombia. Conclusion: since vaccination against COVID-19 was started in mid-February 2021 in Colombia, there has been no evidence of a decrease in the number of COVID-19 infections. This study provides the first data in the country on how the SARS-COV-2 vaccine impacts the population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Computer Communication Networks , Case Reports , COVID-19 Vaccines
14.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 46-50, 2021. tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361394

ABSTRACT

Introducción: desde el brote inicial en Wuhan, China a finales de 2019, el SARS-CoV-2 se ha convertido en una pandemia mundial con más de 138 millones de infecciones y más de 3 millones de muertes, lo que repercute gravemente en la salud mental y la economía global. Objetivo: mostrar si hay alguna correlación de la tasa de letalidad por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 entre el periodo comprendido entre 17 de febrero a 4 de junio de 2021. Metodología: el trabajo de investigación se desarrolló mediante un tipo experimental, la información se obtuvo de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, de los informes diarios de fallecidos y vacunación contra el COVID-19 entre el periodo comprendido entre 17 de febrero a 4 de junio 2021. Resultados: el p-valor de las pruebas, para las variables tasa de letalidad y vacunación para COVID-19 es de 0,001, es menor a α =0.01, de esta manera se acepta Ha, es decir la prueba de correlación de Pearson nos indica que existe relación entre el número de la tasa de letalidad por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 en Colombia. Conclusión: se considera de vital importancia establecer la ampliación de la cobertura a un 100% para los grupos de riesgo, la inclusión de estos nuevos grupos objetivos en conjunto con la ampliación de la cobertura de vacunación, lo cual hace necesaria la adquisición de nuevas dosis adicionales para combatir el SARS-COV-2 en Colombia.


Introduction: since the initial outbreak in Wuhan, China in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic accounting for over 138 million deaths, severely impacting mental health and global economy. Objective: to show if there is any correlation between the COVID-19 death rate and SARS-COV-2 vaccination in the February 17 to June 4 2021 period. Methodology: an experimental research design was used. Data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website, including the deaths and COVID-19 vaccination daily report between February 17 and June 4 2021. Results: the p-value obtained in the tests for COVID-19 death rate and vaccination against SARS-COV-2 variables is 0.001, which is less than α =0.01, therefore, the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, which means the Pearson correlation test indicates there is a relation between COVID-19 death rate and SARS-COV-2 vaccination in Colombia. Conclusion: we consider it essential to achieve 100% coverage of the at-risk groups. The inclusion of this new target groups together with the expansion of vaccination coverage, makes it necessary to acquire new additional doses to combat SARS-COV-2 in Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccines , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Organization and Administration , Computer Communication Networks , Pandemics
15.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 51-55, 2021. tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361395

ABSTRACT

ntroducción: la rápida propagación del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) en todo el mundo y la enfermedad originada por el coronavirus 19 (COVID-19), ha provocado una pandemia mundial con demoledoras consecuencias sociales y económicas. Objetivo: mostrar si hay alguna correlación de los fallecidos por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 en el periodo comprendido entre el 17 de febrero al 27 de mayo de 2021. Metodología: el trabajo de investigación se desarrolló mediante un tipo experimental, la información se obtuvo de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de los informes diarios de fallecidos y vacunación contra el COVID-19, en el periodo mencionado. Resultados: el p-valor de las pruebas para las variables contagio y vacunación para COVID-19 es de 0,000 siendo menor de α =0.01, de esta manera se acepta Ha, es decir la prueba de correlación de Pearson nos indica que existe relación entre el número de fallecidos por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 en Colombia. Conclusión: a partir de la vacunación de la vacuna contra COVID-19 a mediados de febrero de 2021 en Colombia, no se ha evidenciado un registro de la disminución del número de fallecidos por COVID-19. Si bien se observó un aumento en el total de vacunados de febrero a mayo 2021, no hubo reducción de los casos de fallecidos en el mismo lapso. Ante los aspectos descritos, es posible plantear que la vacunación en Colombia en 2021 aún no ha llegado a ser una medida del todo efectiva.


Introduction: the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a global pandemic with devastating social and economic consequences. Objective: to show if there is a correlation between COVID-19 related deaths and vaccination against SARS-COV-2 in the period from February 17 to May 27 2021. Methodology: an experimental research design was used. Data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website, based on the COVID-19 related deaths and vaccination daily reports, for said period. Results: the p-value obtained in the tests for COVID-19 infection and vaccination against SARS-COV-2 variables is 0.000, which is less than α =0.01, thus, the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, which means the Pearson correlation test indicates there is a relation between COVID-19 death rate and SARS-COV-2 vaccination in Colombia. Conclusion: since vaccination against COVID-19 begun in mid-February 2021 in Colombia, no decrease in the number of deaths due to COVID-19 has been evidenced. Although there has been an increase in the number of vaccinated persons from February to May 2021, there was no decrease in the death rate in the same period. Considering the above, we can suggest that vaccination in 2021 in Colombia has not yet become a fully effective measure


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccination , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Computer Communication Networks , Case Reports , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
16.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 61-66, 2021. ilus.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361434

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 es uno de los mayores desafíos a escala global en esta época. Desde el inicio del brote epidémico en Wuhan, (China), hasta el esparcimiento del Sars-CoV-2 en alrededor de 192 países, la humanidad se ha visto expuesta a un virus muy contagioso y letal, con más de 176,3 millones de casos y 3,8 millones de personas fallecidas en el mundo. Objetivo: calcular la seroprevalencia para SARS-CoV-2 en los departamentos de Colombia. Metodología: la información se adquirió de contagios y fallecimientos diarios por SARS-Cov-2 y se obtuvo del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Resultados: se determinó que los departamentos con mayor tasa de porcentaje de seroprevalencia (porcentaje de la población que ha desarrollado anticuerpos) para COVID 19 fueron: Bogotá (0,15), San Andrés y Providencia (0,1), Atlántico (0,1), Antioquía (0,09), Quindío (0,08) y Caldas (0,08). Los departamentos con menor tasa de seroprevalencia en porcentaje por COVID-19 fueron: Chocó (0,02), Vichada (0,02), Arauca (0,03), Cauca (0,03), Córdoba (0,04) y Guainía (0,04). Conclusión: el desarrollo de esta investigación permiti­ó lograr una comprensión minuciosa del progreso de la seroprevalencia del COVID-19 en el país a 20 de junio 2021. Esta información es de beneficio para establecer las características cla­ve de la transmisión del virus, vislumbrar la dispersión geográfica, la gravedad y el impacto en la comunidad.


Introduction: in the present times, the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest challenges on a global scale. Since the beginning of the epidemic outbreak in Wuhan, (China), until the spread of Sars-CoV-2 in about 192 countries, humanity has been exposed to a highly contagious and lethal virus, with more than 176.3 million cases and 3.8 million deaths worldwide. Objective: to calculate the seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 in the departments of Colombia. Methodology: Data was obtained from the daily SARS-Cov-2 infection and deaths reports provided by the National Institute of Health. Results: it was determined that the departments with the highest seroprevalence (proportion of persons with detectable antibodies) for COVID-19 were: Bogotá (0.15), San Andres and Providencia (0.1), Atlantico (0.1), Antioquia (0.09), Quindio (0.08) and Caldas (0.08). The departments with the lowest seroprevalence for COVID-19 were: Choco (0.02), Vichada (0.02), Arauca (0.03), Cauca (0.03), Cordoba (0.04) and Guainia (0.04). Conclusion: the development of this research allowed us to achieve a thorough understanding of the progress of COVID-19 seroprevalence in the country as of June 20 2021. This information is beneficial to establish the key characteristics of the transmission of this virus and to perceive its geographic dispersion, severity and impact on the community.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Mortality
17.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 73-78, 2021. ilus., tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361448

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la humanidad enfrenta la mayor campaña de vacunación de la historia. El proceso de inmunización contra el COVID-19 que comenzó a principios de diciembre 2020 en Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Rusia y China, está en marcha en todo el mundo y se destaca en la mayoría de los países más ricos. Objetivo: calcular el tiempo para alcanzar la inmunidad de rebaño para COVID-19 a nivel mundial, a partir de la información de vacunación de Johns Hopkins University. Metodología: la información sobre vacunación diaria a nivel mundial se obtuvo de Johns Hopkins University. Se tomó el período hasta el 30 de junio 2021. Resultados: se determinó que para el 19 de enero 2022 se logrará obtener la inmunidad de rebaño, para esta fecha se habrán aplicado 11.034.357.235 dosis para inmunizar a la población mundial. Conclusión: se infiere el significativo papel que logran los modelos matemáticos a la hora de representar los procesos de vacunación y de esta manera se trazarán en el futuro vías de investigación en la modelización matemática para lograr la inmunidad de rebaño de cualquier proceso infeccioso.


Introduction: humanity faces the greatest vaccination campaign in history. The immunization process against COVID-19, which started in early December 2020 in the United States, United Kingdom, Russia and China, is underway worldwide and is emphasized in most of the wealthiest countries. Objective: to estimate the time to reach global herd immunity against COVID-19, relying on the vaccination data released by Johns Hopkins University. Methodology: global daily vaccination data was obtained from Johns Hopkins University. The period as to June 30 2021 was reviewed. Results: it was determined that herd immunity will be achieved by January 19 2022. As of this date 11.034.357.235 doses will have been administered to immunize the world ́s population. Conclusion: from this research we infer the significant role that mathematical models play when simulating vaccination processes, thus, future research avenues based on mathematical modeling to achieve herd immunity for any infectious process, will be designed.


Subject(s)
Vaccination , SARS-CoV-2 , Immunity, Herd , Mathematics
18.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 79-83, 2021. ilus., tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361451

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el 17 de febrero de 2021 comenzó el proceso de inmunización en el país basados en el Plan Nacional de Vacunación estructurado por el gobierno nacional, el cual establece dos fases y cinco etapas. Las vacunas que se aplicarán en Colombia son: Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Moderna y Sinovac. Objetivo: calcular el tiempo para alcanzar la inmunidad de rebaño para COVID-19 en Bogotá. Metodología: la información de vacunación diaria se obtuvo de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud. Se tomó el período completo (21 de febrero 2021 al 11 de julio 2021) correspondiente a 140 días del inicio de la vacunación en Bogotá. Resultados: se determinó que, para el 6 de diciembre 2021, se logrará obtener la inmunidad de rebaño, para esta fecha se habrán aplicado 11'041.306 dosis para inmunizar a la población en Bogotá. Conclusión: de esta investigación se infiere el significativo papel que adquieren los modelos matemáticos a la hora de simular los procesos de vacunación y de esta manera, se esbozan a futuro vías de investigación en la modelización matemática para lograr la inmunidad de rebaño en cualquier proceso infeccioso.


Introduction: : the immunization process in the country started on February 17 2021, based on the National Vaccination Plan structured by the National Government, which establishes two phases and five stages. The vaccines to be applied in Colombia are: Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Moderna and Sinovac. Objective: to estimate the time to achieve herd immunity for COVID-19 in Bogota. Methodology: daily vaccination information was obtained from the Bogota District Health Authority. The full 140-day period from February 21 2021 to July 11 2021 corresponding to the vaccination rollout in Bogota, was reviewed. Results: it was determined that herd immunity will be reached by December 6 2021. As of this date 11'041.306 doses will have been administered to immunize the population in Bogota. Conclusion: from this research we infer the significant role that mathematical models play when simulating vaccination processes, thus, future research avenues based on mathematical modeling to achieve herd immunity for any infectious process, will be outlined


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Immunity , Vaccines , Methodology as a Subject , Models, Theoretical
19.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 84-88, 2021. ilus.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361458

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el nuevo coronavirus 2019 es un virus de ARN de sentido positivo no fraccionado que corresponde a la familia Coronaviridae-Nidovirales. Desde la aparición de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en diciembre 2019, la enfermedad se ha transformado ágilmente en una pandemia que intimida a las sociedades de todo el mundo. Objetivo: determinar las tasas de letalidad por COVID-19 a nivel mundial con fecha de corte a 15 de julio 2021. Metodología: el trabajo de investigación se desarrolló mediante un tipo experimental, la información se obtuvo de la página web de Johns Hopkins University contra el COVID-19. Resultados: entre los países con las mayores tasas de letalidad por COVID-19 con fecha de corte a 15 de julio 2021, estuvieron: Perú (9,34), México (9,0), Hungría (3,71), Rumanía (3,17) e Italia (2,99) y los países con menores tasas de letalidad fueron: Países Bajos (1,01), Irak (1,21), Jordania (1,3), India (1,33) y Suecia (1,34). Conclusión: el diagnóstico de infección viral preexistirá la recuperación o la muerte de días a semanas y, por lo tanto, el número de muertes debe cotejarse con los recuentos de casos anteriores, lo que explica esta dilación que aumenta la estimación de la tasa de letalidad.


Introduction: the novel coronavirus 2019 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae-Nidovirales order. Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, the disease has nimbly transformed in a pandemic, intimidating societies worldwide. Objective: to determine COVID-19 worldwide lethality as of July 15 2021. Methodology: an experimental research design was used. Data was obtained from the Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 webpage. Results: among the countries with the highest COVID-19 death rate as of July 15 2021 were: Peru (9.34), Mexico (9.0), Hungary (3.71), Romanía (3.17) and Italy (2.99) and the countries with the lowest lethality rate were: the Netherlands (1.01), Irak (1.21), Jordan (1.3), India (1.33) and Sweden (1.34). Conclusion: viral infection diagnosis will preexist recovery or death within days to weeks, therefore, the number of deaths must be cross-checked with previous case counts, which explains this delay which increases the estimation of the lethality rate.


Subject(s)
Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Mortality , Death
20.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 89-92, 2021. ilus.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361572

ABSTRACT

Introducción: : la afección por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una enfermedad respiratoria aguda infecciosa derivada por un nuevo coronavirus. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) fue informada de casos de neumonía de etiología microbiana irreconocible asociados con la ciudad de Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China, el 31 de diciembre 2019. Objetivo: analizar las tendencias de los casos de contagio, recuperados y fallecidos por COVID-19 en Colombia en el período comprendido entre el 6 de marzo 2020 al 18 de julio 2021, a esta fecha se cumplen 500 días del reporte del primer caso de contagio en el país. Metodología: el trabajo de investigación se desarrolló mediante un tipo experimental, la información se obtuvo de la página web del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Resultados: se estableció que el 26 de junio 2021 (día 478) se presentó el mayor pico de contagio con 33.594 el 6 de julio 2021 (día 488) se ubicó el pico mayor de personas recuperadas en 37.904 y el 21 de junio 2021 (día 473) se apreció el mayor pico de fallecimientos con 754. Conclusión: es primordial investigar el dinamismo de posibles brotes infecciosos del COVID-19 en nuestro país, ya que esta enfermedad recientemente surgida ha tenido un crecimiento exponencial muy contagioso. Es así como en Colombia la curva de casos nuevos diarios ha contribuido para explicar la curva epidemiológica del país.


Introduction: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus. Cases of unknown microbial etiology were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) originating from the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, on December 31 2019. Objective: to analyze the trend of COVID-19 infection, recoveries and deaths in Colombia in the period between March 6 2020 and July 18 2021, which corresponds to 500 days after the first positive case was registered in the country. Methodology: an experimental research design was used. Data was obtained from the National Institute of Health website. Results: it was established that the highest peak of infection occurred on June 26 2021 (day 478) with 33.594 infections, the highest peak of recovered people was reported on July 6 2021 (day 488) with 37.904 recoveries, and the highest number of deaths was registered on June 21 2021 (day 473) with 754 deaths. Conclusion: it is essential to understand potential COVID­19 outbreak dynamics in our country, since the newly emerged disease has shown high contagiousness and exponential growth. Thus, the daily new cases curve in Colombia has contributed to explain the epidemiologic curve of the country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Computer Communication Networks , Mortality , Pandemics
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