ABSTRACT
Mediterranean Shag (Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii) is a seabird endemic to the Mediterranean and Black Seas, recently included in the IUCN list of threatened Species. Most of the reproductive colonies are hosted in Sardinia and surrounding islets. Bycatch in fishing nets is one of the most significant threats for this population. Our work aimed to assess alterations in the sex ratio caused by bycatch and to study the adaptive response of the population to a skewed adult sex ratio. The sex ratio of Mediterranean Shags found drowned in the gillnets near the colonies and that of the nestlings of the Corcelli (northeast Sardinia) colony was determined using the sex-linked polymorphism of the gene Chromobox-Helicase-DNA-binding 1. The data of the shags found drowned in gillnets evidenced a high mortality rate (83.3%; p < 0.001) and a larger size of males (35% heavier than females, p < 0.05) compared to females, supporting the theory that heavier individuals are able to forage at great depths. With 64.8% of the nestlings being male, the sex ratio of nestlings was statistically different from parity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it was related to the brood size. In one- and two-chick broods, 73% and 70% of nestlings, respectively, were males, while in three-chick broods, only 33% were males. Our data identify the higher rate of male shags drowned in gillnets as a factor causing an alteration of the sex ratio in the Mediterranean Shag population. According to the Sex Allocation Theory, an adaptive adjustment of sex made by adult females restores the Mendelian sex ratio in the population.
ABSTRACT
In the fresh waters of Sardinia (Italy), the non-indigenous crayfish species Procambarus clarkii has been reported from 2005, but, starting from 2019, there have been several reports of a new non-indigenous crayfish in southern and central areas of this Mediterranean island, and its morphology suggests that this species may be the marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Forty-seven individuals of this putative species were analyzed, using the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I as molecular marker to identify this crayfish and investigate the level of genetic variability within the recently established population. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were carried out on a dataset including sequences from the Sardinian individuals and from all congenerics available in GenBank. Results showed that the new Sardinian crayfish belong to the species P. virginalis. All the sequences belonging to P. virginalis from European countries are identical, with only few exceptions found among Sardinian individuals. In conclusion, this paper highlights the occurrence of a new further alien species in the Sardinian fresh waters, which are already characterized by the high presence of non-indigenous species.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: la utilización de la ultrasonografía como técnica de elección para la colocación de catéteres venosos centrales durante situaciones de emergencia aumenta la seguridad del paciente al presentar baja frecuencia de complicaciones, menor exposición a irradiación e incremento de la calidad de atención. Objetivo: comparar las complicaciones mecánicas de la colocación de catéter venoso central por la técnica guiada por ultrasonografía y la convencional; realizada por residentesde la especialización en Medicina de Urgencias del Hospital de San José (Bogotá,Colombia). Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de dos cohortes en pacientes mayores de 15 años que ingresaron al servicio de urgencias del Hospital de San José, con indicación de colocación de catéter venoso central por técnica convencional entre 2012 y 2013 (cohorte no expuesta) y técnica ecoguiada en 2014 (cohorte expuesta). Como desenlace se observó la presencia de complicacionesen cualquiera de los dos grupos. Resultados: se incluyeron 73 casos, 38 (52,1%) con colocación del catéter venoso central por la técnica ecoguiada. Se presentaron nueve (12,3%) complicaciones, ocho (88,9%) de ellas con la técnica convencional. La mediante del tiempo del procedimiento fue 20 minutos (rango intercuatílico: 15-20 minutos) con la técnica convencional y 10 minutos (rango intercuatílico: 7-10 minutos) con la técnica ecoguiada; esta última con colocación del catéter en un único intento en el 78,9% de los casos. Conclusión: se observó un menor número de complicaciones de tipo mecánico cuando con la técnica ecoguiadarespecto a la técnica convencional en los pacientes críticos con indicación de canulación venosa central.
Introduction: the use of ultrasound as a technique of choice for central venous catheter placement during emergencies increases patient safety due to low frequencyof complications, reduction of exposure to radiation, and increasing quality of care. Objective: To compare the mechanical complications of central venous catheterplacement under ultrasound guided and conventional technique by residents of emergency medicine specialty at the Hospital de San Jose (Bogota, Colombia). Material and methods: Descriptive study of two cohorts, which include patients over 15 years old, admitted to the emergency department of Hospital de San Jose with indication of central venous catheter placement by conventional technique between2012 and 2013 (unexposed cohort) and ultrasound-guided technique in 2014 (exposed cohort). As outcome was observed the presence of complications in both groups. Results: A total of 73 cases were included, 38 (52.1%) of them with central venous catheter placement by ultrasound-guided technique. A total of nine complications(12.3%) were presented, eight (88.9%) of them with the conventional technique.The median of time procedure was of 20 minutes (interquartile range: 15-20 minute) with the conventional technique and 10 minutes (interquartile range: 7-10 minutes) with ecoguide technique. In the ultrasound-guided technique, the catheter placement was achieved in an only attempt in 78.9% of cases. Conclusion: Fewer mechanical complications were observed with ultrasound guided technique respect conventional technique in critically ill patients who have indication of central venous cannulation.
