Protective effect of an inhibitor of interleukin-8 (meraxin) from ischemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of kidney transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Since the ischemia and reperfusion injury is one of the main causes of delayed graft function after transplantation, research efforts have focused on studying the molecules involved in this inflammatory process. The chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) seems to be the main one responsible through a chemoattractive action toward neutropils. Therefore, one of the strategies adopted to prevent this process is blocking the binding between IL-8 and its receptors. The aim of our study was to test the effect of meraxin, a new derivative from repertaxin, to protect the renal graft from ischemia and reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty male syngenic rats were divided into four groups. The control group underwent only kidney transplantation, while the other groups were treated with meraxin at various dosages 2 hours before graft reperfusion. Blood and histological samples were taken at sacrifice 24 hours after transplantation. RESULTS: Creatinine was significantly lower in the group treated with the high dosage of meraxin. Histological observation of the grafted tissue showed instead only a mild and not significant neutrophilic infiltration, equal in each group. CONCLUSIONS: Graft function was improved by the administration of meraxin at high dosage, but this effect did not seem to be connected to a reduction in inflammatory infiltration in the parechymal tissue. Maybe the cause is in the mechanisms of clotting activation, due to alteration of adhesion molecules and endothelial cells.

Portal vein arterialization in hepatobiliary surgery and liver transplantation.

We reviewed the literature reports and our personal experience on partial portal vein arterialization (PPVA) to prevent and treat acute liver failure (ALF) following major hepatobiliary surgery or another etiology. Experimental studies in rats have assessed the efficacy of PPVA in treatment of ALF induced by extended resections in normal or fatty livers or in toxic carbon-tetrachloride damage. The treated groups showed greater survival and faster recovery of liver function. Among 11 clinical cases reported in the literature, PPVA was performed in four cases to prevent and in seven cases to treat ALF. Eight patients survived, showing rapid recovery of liver function and resolution of the clinical condition. This relatively simple procedure has shown itself able to promote liver regeneration. The PPVA procedure has shown itself to be safe and simple as well as to offer a promising approach to the failing liver.

Glucose and insulin tolerance throughout the menstrual cycle.

On the basis of the behaviour during menstrual cycle of the pituitary hormones plasma levels, the Authors have studied during the different periods of the cycle (follicular, ovulatory and luteal) the effects of OGTT and ITT's on the plasma levels of Glucose, insulin, HGH and Cortisol. Significantly lower levels of IRI, HGH and Cortisol were found in follicular phase compared to ovulatory period and luteal phase except for Cortisol in luteal phase. A slightly higher glucose tolerance was found in follicular phase as well as a reduced hypoglicemia under insulin load. Reduced HGH response to ITT was found in follicular phase as well as a reduced Cortisol response compared to the results observed in ovulatory and luteal phase. These data sustain the concept that hormonal variations occurring in an ovulatory cycle are also capable of modifying the woman's body response to various stimuli such as OGTT and ITT.