Detection of Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriales members in seabirds sampled along the Brazilian coast.

Escherichia coli, an Enterobacterales member, is a normal representative of the microbiota of homeothermic animals. Most strains are commensal, but several pathotypes can cause disease, and numerous antimicrobial resistance factors have been identified. These bacteria have spread rapidly in recent years, highlighting the importance of screening the environment and non-human reservoirs for virulent strains and/or those presenting resistance factors, in addition to other microorganisms of public health importance. In this context, this study aimed to survey Enterobacteriales present in seabirds sampled along the Brazilian coast, comparing findings between migratory and resident birds, as well as between wrecked and non-wrecked animals. Escherichia coli pathotypes were also characterized through rapid seroagglutination and polymerase chain reaction techniques and antimicrobial resistance profiles were investigated through the disc agar diffusion method. Cloacal, ocular, oral, tracheal, and skin lesion swabs, as well as fresh feces, were collected from 122 seabirds. The findings indicate these animals as important hosts for opportunistic human pathogens. Escherichia coli strains were identified in 70 % of the analyzed seabirds, 62 % of which displaying resistant or intermediate profiles to at least one antimicrobial, while 7% were multiresistant. Resistance to tetracycline (22 %), nalidixic acid (15 %), trimethoprim-sulfamethozaxol (14 %) and ampicillin (12 %) were the most prevalent. Resistance to cefoxitin, a critically important antimicrobial for human medicine, was also detected. Virulence genes for one of the EAEC, ETEC or EPEC pathotypes were detected in 30 % of the identified strains, the first two described in seabirds for the first time. The EAEC gene was detected in 25 % of the sampled seabirds, all resident, 8 % of which exhibited a multidrug-resistant profile. Thus, seabirds comprise important reservoirs for this pathotype. Escherichia coli was proven an ubiquitous and well-distributed bacterium, present in all evaluated bird species and sampling sites (except Marajó Island). According to the chi-square test, no significant differences between E. coli prevalences or antimicrobial resistance profiles between migratory and resident and between wrecked and non-wrecked seabirds were observed. Thus, migratory birds do not seem to contribute significantly to E. coli frequencies, pathotypes or antimicrobial resistance rates on the Brazilian coast.

Expanding the universe of Piroplasmids: morphological detection and phylogenetic positioning of putative novel piroplasmids in black-eared opossums (Didelphis aurita) from southeastern Brazil, with description of "South American Marsupialia Group" of Piroplasmida.

The growing proximity of wildlife to large urban niches arouses greater interest in understanding wild reservoirs in the epidemiology of diseases of importance to animal and human health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of piroplasmids in opossums rescued from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Blood and bone marrow samples were collected from 15 Didelphis aurita and subjected to DNA extraction and PCR using primers for the 18S rRNA, cox1, cox3, and hsp70 genes of piroplasmids. Clinical and hematological evaluation of the animals was also performed. Five (33.3%) of the 15 opossums tested positive for piroplasms in the nested PCR based on the 18S rRNA, and in two animals, it was possible to observe intra-erythrocytic structures compatible with merozoites. One of the positive animals showed clinical signs of infection such as jaundice, fever, and apathy. Anemia, low level of plasma protein, leukocytosis, and regenerative erythrocyte signs were observed in positive animals. Phylogenetic analysis based on both 18S rRNA and cox-3 genes demonstrated that the piroplasmids detected in D. aurita formed a unique sub-clade, albeit related to piroplasmids previously detected in Didelphis albiventris and associated ticks from Brazil. This study proposes the novel Piroplasmida Clade, namely "South American Marsupialia Group," and reinforces the need for new clinical-epidemiological surveys to understand the dynamics of these infections in didelphids in Brazil.

Molecular detection of hemoplasmas in rescued black-eared opossums (Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied, 1826) from southeastern Brazil, with evidence of a novel genotype infecting marsupials.

There is a growing concern about the participation of wild hosts and reservoirs in the epidemiology of several pathogens, particularly within the context of environmental changes and the expansion of the One Health concept. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hemoplasmas in opossums rescued from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 15 Didelphis aurita and subjected to DNA extraction and PCR using primers for the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes. Physical examination and hematological analysis were also performed. Three out of 15 opossums tested positive for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. by PCR and showed hematological alterations such as anemia and leukocytosis. Clinical signs were non-specific and associated to traumatic lesions. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the hemoplasma detected was positioned between 'Ca. Mycoplasma haemodidelphis' detected in D. virginiana from North American and hemoplasmas recently detected in D. aurita from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study indicates the existence of hemoplasma infections in D. aurita from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, and reinforce the need for new epidemiological inquiries to clarify the participation of these in the dynamics of circulation of tick-borne pathogens.

Preliminary validity for the Big Five Inventory-2 in brazilian adults / Evidências preliminares de validade do Big Five Inventory-2 em adultos brasileiros / Evidencias preliminares de validez del Big Five Inventory-2 en adultos brasileños

The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) assesses personality through the big five factor model model (FFM). This study aimed to verify whether the internal structure of the BFI-2 is corroborated in a Brazilian sample. Participants were 908 cisgender adults, aged between 17 and 93 years, 532 of whom were women. Confirmatory factor analysis and Exploratory structural equation modeling were performed with the BFI-2. The 15 facets of personality resulted in adequate fit and reliability, mainly for the respondents under 60 years of age. We conclude that the BFI-2 presents evidence of preliminary validity based on its internal structure, although further validity studies are required with the instrument, to testify its psychometric quality. (AU)

O Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) avalia a personalidade no modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF). O presente estudo objetivou verificar se a estrutura interna do BFI-2 é corroborada em uma amostra brasileira. Participaram 908 adultos cisgênero, com idades entre 17 e 93 anos, sendo 532 mulheres. Análise fatorial confirmatória e modelagem de equações estruturais exploratórias foram conduzidas no BFI-2. As 15 facetas de personalidade do BFI-2 resultaram em índices de ajuste adequados, principalmente para os respondentes com idade até 60 anos. Conclui-se que o BFI-2 apresenta evidência inicial de validade baseada em sua estrutura interna, apesar de que novos estudos de validade devem ser conduzidos com o instrumento, com o objetivo de atestar sua qualidade psicométrica. (AU)

El Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) evalúa la personalidad según el modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores (CGF). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar si la estructura interna del BFI-2 se corrobora en una muestra brasileña. Participaron 908 adultos cisgénero, de entre 17 y 93 años, de los cuales 532 eran mujeres. Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio y un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales Exploratorio sobre el BFI-2. Las 15 facetas de personalidad del BFI-2 dieron lugar a índices de ajuste adecuados, especialmente para los encuestados de hasta 60 años. Se concluye que el BFI-2 presenta evidencias iniciales de validez basadas en su estructura interna, aunque se deben ejecutar más estudios de validez con el instrumento para atestiguar su calidad psicométrica. (AU)

Adaptação e validação da Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI) para universitários brasileiros / Adaptation and validation of the Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI) for Brazilian university Students / Adaptación y validación del Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI) para estudiantes universitarios Brasileños

A Happenstance Learning Theory é um modelo teórico que pretende explicar as diferentes trajetórias de vida das pessoas a partir dos eventos não planejados, focando-se na imprevisibilidade do desenvolvimento de carreira. Pressupõe-se que é possível se planejar para o acaso, avaliando-se as competências para tal por meio de cinco dimensões: Otimismo, Flexibilidade, Curiosidade, Persistência e Assumir riscos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um estudo de tradução e adaptação da escala PHCI para o Brasil, bem como uma análise fatorial exploratória, análise confirmatória e consistência interna da escala. A escala foi aplicada online em 511 estudantes universitários. O conjunto de resultados da análise da estrutura interna aponta para uma estrutura de quatro fatores, diferente da proposta original da escala, unindo Persistência e Assumir riscos em uma única dimensão, com precisão variando entre 0,59 e 0,80. Discute-se a configuração dos fatores na amostra brasileira e possíveis diferenças culturais nos resultados.(AU)

The happenstance learning theory is a theoretical model which explains the different life trajectories due to life's non-planned events, focusing on career unpredictability. The theory assumes that it is possible to plan for chance, and five dimensions are used to assess the competences for this purpose: Optimism, Flexibility, Curiosity, Persistence and Risk taking. This article presents a translation and adaptation study of the PHCI scale for Brazil, as well as Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analyses and reliability. A total of 511 university students answered the scale online. The set of results of the analysis of the internal structure indicated a four-factor structure, different from the original proposal of the scale, combining Persistence and Risk taking in a single dimension, with reliability ranging between .59 and .80. We discuss the composition of the factors in the Brazilian sample and possible cultural differences in the results.(AU)

La Happenstance Learning Theory es un modelo teórico que pretende explicar las diferentes trayectorias vitales de las personas a partir de acontecimientos no planificados, centrándose en la imprevisibilidad del desarrollo profesional. Se asume que es posible planificar el azar, evaluando las habilidades para ello, a través de cinco dimensiones: Optimismo, Flexibilidad, Curiosidad, Persistencia y Asunción de riesgos. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un estudio de traducción y adaptación de la escala PHCI para Brasil, así como un análisis factorial exploratorio, análisis confirmatorio y consistencia interna de la escala. La escala se aplicó en línea a 511 estudiantes universitarios. El conjunto de resultados del análisis de la estructura interna apunta a una estructura de cuatro factores, diferente de la propuesta original de la escala, uniendo Persistencia y Asumir riesgos en una sola dimensión, con una precisión oscilando entre .59 y .80. Se discute la configuración de factores en la muestra brasileña y posibles diferencias culturales en los resultados.(AU)

THE CHEWING LICE OF BROWN BOOBY (SULA LEUCOGASTER) IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL.

The brown booby (Sula leucogaster Boddaert, 1783) has a wide geographic distribution, being found throughout the intertropical range except for the west coast of South America. Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) are ectoparasites commonly found in association with a wide variety of bird species, and extensive infestations can lead to severe itching and irritation that causes skin lesions, damage to the plumage, and abandonment of nests. Sula leucogaster lice have an atypical distribution, not fully following the distribution of their host. In the years 2018 and 2019, 4 marine animal rehabilitation centers located in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil received live birds and carcasses of Sula leucogaster. The animals were deloused and lice of 2 different species were collected. Identification was performed by optical microscopy, and the species found were Eidmanniella albescens Piaget, 1880 and Pectinopygus garbeiPessoa and Guimarães, 1935. This is the first record of both species in Rio de Janeiro.

Personality and coping in League of Legends pro players / Personalidade e coping em jogadores profissionais de League of Legends / Personalidad y coping en jugadores profesionales de League of Legends

Personality has been identified as a predictor of Coping strategies in the context of traditional sport. In this study, we investigated the association between measurements of Big Five Factor and coping strategies in professional League of Legends (LOL) players. 138 people participated, aged between 16 and 37 years (M = 21.24, SD = 3.77), who answered the Big Five Inventory and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. Correlations were made between the scores of these instruments, and regression of coping skills in personality factors. Neuroticism and Conscientiousness are associated with the use of Coping skills, which suggests that personality is a relevant variable in understanding the use of adaptative strategies to deal with adversity while playing LOL, however, other studies should be carried out in the future. (AU)

A personalidade tem sido apontada como preditora de estratégias de Coping no contexto do esporte tradicional. Nesse estudo, investigamos a associação entre medidas dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de personalidade e estratégias de Coping em jogadores profissionais de League of Legends (LOL). Participaram 138 pessoas, com idades entre 16 e 37 anos (M=21,24, DP=3,77), as quais responderam o Big Five Inventory e o Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. Foram realizadas correlações entre os escores desses instrumentos, e regressão das habilidades de coping nos fatores de personalidade. Neuroticismo e Conscienciosidade estão associados com o uso das habilidades de Coping, o que sugere que a personalidade é uma variável relevante na compreensão das estratégias adotadas para lidar com as adversidades no LOL, porém, novos estudos devem ser realizados futuramente. (AU)

La personalidad ha sido identificada como un predictor de estrategias de afrontamiento en el contexto del deporte tradicional. En este estudio, investigamos la asociación entre los cinco factores de personalidad y las estrategias de afrontamiento en jugadores profesionales de League of Legends (LOL). Participaron 138 personas, con edades entre 16 y 37 años (M = 21,24, DT = 3,77), que respondieron el Inventario Big Five y el Inventario de Habilidades de Afrontamiento Atlético-28. Se realizaron correlaciones entre las puntuaciones de estos instrumentos y la regresión de las habilidades de afrontamiento en los factores de personalidad. El neuroticismo y responsabilidad están asociados con el uso de habilidades de afrontamiento, lo que sugiere que la personalidad es una variable relevante para comprender el uso de estrategias para lidiar con adversidad en LOL, sin embargo, otros estudios deberían realizarse en el futuro. (AU)

Salmonella spp. profiles isolated from seabird samples from the Brazilian coast.

In view of growing concerns, in a One Health context, regarding the transport and dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms among seabirds and other vertebrate animals, including humans, the aim of this study was to identify Salmonella spp. in stranded and non-stranded resident and migratory wild seabirds from the Brazilian coast. Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular profiles, quinolone resistance genes and antigenic characterization of the isolates were also carried out. Fresh faeces and cloacal swabs were obtained totaling 122 seabirds sampled throughout different Brazilian coast regions. At the laboratory, sample culturing, Salmonella spp. isolation and biochemical identification were performed, followed by antigenic profile identification by serum agglutination, susceptibility profile characterization by the agar disc diffusion technique, detection of quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS) using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique (multiplex PCR) and, finally, isolates profiles identification by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica was identified in 7% of the studied birds, comprising three different serovars: Panama (63 %), Typhimurium (25 %) and Newport (13 %). The most important findings reported herein are the first description of Salmonella panama in seabirds and the totality of isolates being resistant (or intermediate) to at least one tested antimicrobial, with emphasis on quinolone resistance. The molecular results suggest that the observed resistance cannot be explained by the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes. The PFGE suggests that the Panama and Newport profiles detected herein are not yet widespread in Brazil, unlike Typhimurium, which is already well distributed throughout the country. Considering this finding, we suggest that seabirds are an important link in the epidemiological chain of this serovar. The monitoring of these bacteria in seabirds, as well as of their susceptibility profiles to antimicrobials, must be continuous, strengthening the role of these animals as environmental health indicators and sentinels.

Molecular and serological detection of arthropod-borne pathogens in carnivorous birds from Brazil.

Rickettsiales, Haemosporida and Rhizobiales agents can cause diseases that affect various animal species, including humans. Due to predation behaviour, carnivorous birds may play an important role in spreading these etiological agentes across geographically distant areas, specially if they are migratory. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and to access the phylogenetic relations among Anaplasmataceae (Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Neorickettsia), Bartonellaceae (Bartonella spp.), and Haemosporida (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) agents in blood samples from 121 carnivorous birds sampled in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Inclusions resembling hemoparasites were not observed in Giemsa-stained preparations. While three animals were seropositive for E. chaffeensis (3.41% [3/88]; 95% CI:1.17-9.55%), five showed antibodies to A. phagocytophilum (5.68% [5/88]; 95% CI: 2.45-12.62%). Despite the detection of rrs gene fragments closely related to E. chaffeensis (4.13% [5/121]; 95% CI: 1.78-9.31%), no positivity was observed in the qPCR based on the genes vlpt for the organism. Similarly, 12 (9.91% [12/121]; 95% CI: 5.76-16.74%) samples were positive in the qPCR for Anaplasma spp. based on groEL gene, but negative in the qPCR for A. phagocytophilum based on msp-2 gene. Three samples were positive in the nPCR for E. canis based on rrs gene. Three samples were positive for Haemoproteus spp. and one for Plasmodium spp. in the nPCR based on cytB gene. Four birds (3.3% [4/121]; 95% CI: 1.29-8.19%) presented co-positivity by Ehrlichia sp. and Anaplasma sp. in molecular assays. One (0.82% [1/121]; 95% CI:0.15-4.53%) bird showed to be seropositive for E. chaffeensis and and positive in PCR for Haemoproteus sp. All birds were negative in the qPCR assay for Bartonella spp. (nuoG). The present work showed the occurrence of Anaplasmataceae agents and hemosporidians in carnivorous birds from southeastern Brazil. The role of these animals in the dispersion of Anaplasmataceae agents should be further investigated.

Psicólogos e o uso das mídias: um relato de pesquisa / Psychologists and the use of media: a research report / Los Psicólogos y el uso de los medios: un informe de investigación

O presente artigo objetiva compreender como profissionais de psicologia relacionam-se com as mídias. Para tanto, serão apresentados resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com psicólogos residentes no estado de Santa Catarina, a fim de verificar como eles lidam com as mídias, tanto como fonte de informação quanto como objeto e ferramenta de trabalho. Neste estudo, entende-se a mídia como um instrumento de mediação que contribui para o processo de constituição de subjetividades, sendo assim, um campo que merece atenção por parte da Psicologia. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e as respostas às questões discursivas foram analisadas por meio do método da análise de conteúdo temática. Entre os resultados encontrados, a mídia figura como um tema raramente discutido durante a formação. Destaca-se, também, a centralidade da internet como meio para obtenção de informações, de modo que o celular é o dispositivo mais acessado para essa finalidade. Além disso, as redes sociais são utilizadas por 65% dos participantes para a troca e compartilhamento de informações profissionais. Tal fato aponta para a importância de pensar os novos modos de interação com a mídia, bem como o alcance das transformações que as mídias já têm operado. Frente a isso, surgem importantes questões éticas que merecem ser alvo de discussão por parte da Psicologia. Diante da escassez de discussões acerca da interface mídia e Psicologia, espera-se que esta pesquisa contribua para a ampliação desse debate e seus desdobramentos práticos.(AU)

Understanding media as a mediation tool that contributes to the process of constituting subjectivities, and thus as a field that deserves attention on the part of Psychology, this research aims to understand how psychologists relate to the media, both as a source of information and as a working tool. Data were collected by means of a survey conducted with registered psychologists in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and analyzed in the light of descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. The results indicate that media is a topic rarely discussed during professional qualification, besides highlighting the centrality of the internet as a means for obtaining information - with cell phones being the most accessed device for this purpose. A total of 65% of participants reported using social networks for the exchange and sharing of professional information. These findings point to the importance of thinking about new modes of interaction with the media, as well as to the transformation scope already operated by it, thus raising important ethical issues that deserve attention within the field Psychology. Before the scarcity of discussions about the media/psychology interface, this research seeks to contribute to this debate and its practical developments.(AU)

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo comprender cómo los profesionales de la psicología se relacionan con los medios de comunicación. Para ello, se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada con psicólogos residentes en el estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, buscando verificar cómo estos profesionales tratan con los medios como fuente de información, objeto y herramienta de trabajo. En este estudio se comparte la idea de los medios como instrumento de mediación que contribuye al proceso de constitución de subjetividades, siendo así un campo que merece atención por parte de la Psicología. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos al análisis estadístico descriptivo. Las respuestas a las preguntas discursivas se analizaron mediante el análisis de contenido temático. Entre los resultados encontrados, los medios aparecen como tema que rara vez se discute en la formación. Se destaca también la Internet como medio para la obtención de informaciones, con un mayor uso del teléfono celular para este propósito. Además, las redes sociales son utilizadas por el 65% de los participantes para intercambiar información profesional con los colegas. Este hecho señala la importancia de pensar nuevos modos de interacción con los medios, así como el alcance de las transformaciones que ya están operando. Así surgen importantes problemas éticos que merecen ser discutidos por la Psicología. Ante la escasez de discusiones acerca de la interfaz media y Psicología, se espera que esta investigación contribuya a la ampliación de ese debate y sus desdoblamientos prácticos.(AU)

Validity evidence of an Instrument for Mindfulness Assessment (MA) based on its internal structure and external criterion / Evidências de validade de uma Medida de Atenção Plena (MAP) / Evidencias de validez de la Medida de Atención Plena (MAP)

Operationalizing the concept of mindfulness has been a challenge for researches. In this article, we present and discuss the procedures for the assessment of the internal structure and validity of the criteria for Mindfulness Assessment (MAP), as well as the results obtained. The collection of factors was done by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and item- selection by item response theory (IRT). This study counted with 788 Brazilians, with ages ranging from 17 to 65 years (M = 26.11; SD = 9.59); 79% of which were women. Four factors were extracted: Mindfulness (α = 0.88), Attention (α = 0.84), Acceptance (α = 0.74) and Novelty seeking (α = 0.62). 47 items were retained in the MAP. We also compared the scores between non-meditator (n = 653) and meditator (n = 112) respondents. Analyses by IRT showed the items to be adequately adjusted. Significant differences between scores of meditators and non-meditator respondents were revealed. These findings suggest that the MAP is a valid and reliable instrument, regarding its internal structure and criterion-related evidence, which suggests its appropriateness in the study of adults...(AU)

A operacionalização da atenção plena (Mindfulness) tem sido um desafio para os pesquisadores. Neste artigo, serão apresentados e discutidos os procedimentos e resultados para verificação da estrutura interna e validade de critério da medida de atenção plena (MAP). Participaram desse estudo 788 brasileiros, com idades entre 17 e 65 anos (M = 26,11; DP = 9,59), sendo que 79% eram mulheres. A extração dos fatores se deu pela análise fatorial exploratória e a seleção dos itens incluiu métodos da teoria de resposta ao item (TRI). Foram extraídos quatro fatores: mindfulness (α = 0,88), atenção (α = 0,84), aceitação (α = 0,74) e produção de novidades (α = 0,62), tendo sido mantidos 47 itens. As análises pela TRI indicaram bons índices de ajuste dos itens. Ademais, foram encontradas diferenças nos escores de respondentes meditadores e não meditadores. Conclui-se que a MAP possui evidências de validade baseada em sua estrutura interna e de critério, o que sugere a sua adequação para a mensuração do construto em adultos...(AU)

La operacionalización del concepto de la atención plena (Mindfulness) ha sido un desafío para los investigadores. En este artículo, serán presentados y discutidos los procedimientos para verificar la estructura interna y la validez de criterio de una medida de la atención plena (MAP). Participaron 788 brasileños, de entre 17 y 65 años (M = 26,11, SD = 9,59); siendo la mayoría mujeres (79%). La extracción de los factores fue hecha a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio, y la selección de los ítems incluye métodos de la teoría de respuesta al ítem (IRT). Se extrajeron cuatro factores: atención plena (α = 0,88), atención (α = 0,84), aceptación (α = 0,74) y producción de lo nuevo (α = 0,62) y se mantuvieron 47 ítems. Los análisis realizados por el TRI indican buenos índices de ajuste de los elementos. Por otra parte, no se encontraron diferencias en las puntuaciones de los respondientes meditadores y no meditadores. Se concluye que la MAP tiene evidencia de validez en función de su estructura interna, lo que sugiere su validez para la medición de la atención plena en adultos...(AU)

Capture of Alouatta guariba clamitans for the surveillance of sylvatic yellow fever and zoonotic malaria: Which is the best strategy in the tropical Atlantic Forest?

Howler monkey capture is an arduous and expensive task requiring trained and specialized professionals. We compared strategies and methods to most efficiently capture Alouatta guariba clamitans in remnants of the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro and its bordering states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. We tested whether or not the success of expeditions in the forest with anesthetic darts, nets, and baited traps differed with and without the support of an information network, a contact chain built with key institutions and inhabitants to continuously monitor howler monkey presence. The influence of forest conditions (vegetation type and fragment size) upon darting success was also evaluated. We captured 24 free-living A. guariba clamitans. No howler monkey was caught with traps, probably due to the predominantly folivore feeding to high local plant diversity providing a great variety of food options. Captures based on an information network were significantly more efficient in terms of numbers of caught monkeys than without it. Captures with darts were considerably more efficient when performed in semideciduous forests and small forest fragments as opposed to ombrophilous forests or large woods. Although we walked great distances within the forest searching for howler monkeys, all but one animal were captured at the forest fringes. Hindrances to search and the darting method in the Atlantic Forest, for example, the steep terrain, high tree canopies, hunt pressure, and low A. guariba clamitans population density, were mitigated with the use of the information network in this monkey capture. Moreover, the information network enhanced the surveillance of zoonotic diseases, which howler monkeys and other nonhuman primates are reservoirs in Brazil, such as malaria and yellow fever.

Detection of a putative novel genotype of Ehrlichia sp. from opossums (Didelphis aurita) from Brazil / Detecção de um suposto novo genótipo de Ehrlichia sp. em gambás (Didelphis aurita) do Brasil

Abstract Erlichiosis affects humans and animals worldwide. Its distribution and prevalence depends on the presence of tick vectors and hosts in one geographic area. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in opossums (Didelphis sp.) from the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. Blood samples from 37 animals were tested for these two pathogens using molecular methods. One animal (2.7%) was positive for Ehrlichia sp. by 16S rRNA-based nested PCR. In a phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene using the maximum likelihood method and the GTRGAMMA+I evolutionary model, we detected a novel Ehrlichia sp. genotype closely related to genotypes of E. canis previously reported in dogs from Brazil. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of Ehrlichia sp. in opossums from this State in the southeastern region of the country.

Resumo A erliquiose afeta seres humanos e animais em todo o mundo. Sua distribuição e prevalência dependem da presença de vetores de carrapatos e hospedeiros em uma área geográfica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de Ehrlichia sp. e Anaplasma sp. em gambás (Didelphis sp.) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. Amostras de sangue de 37 animais foram testadas para estes dois patógenos usando métodos moleculares. Um animal (2,7%) foi positivo para Ehrlichia sp. baseado em 16S rRNA-nested PCR. Em uma análise filogenética baseada no gene 16S rRNA usando o método de máxima verossimilhança e o modelo evolutivo GTRGAMMA + I, detectamos um novo genótipo de Ehrlichia sp. intimamente relacionado a genótipos de E. canis previamente relatados em cães do Brasil. Para o conhecimento dos autores, esta é a primeira detecção molecular de Ehrlichia sp. em gambás deste estado na região sudeste do país.

Detection of a putative novel genotype of Ehrlichia sp. from opossums (Didelphis aurita) from Brazil.

Erlichiosis affects humans and animals worldwide. Its distribution and prevalence depends on the presence of tick vectors and hosts in one geographic area. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in opossums (Didelphis sp.) from the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. Blood samples from 37 animals were tested for these two pathogens using molecular methods. One animal (2.7%) was positive for Ehrlichia sp. by 16S rRNA-based nested PCR. In a phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene using the maximum likelihood method and the GTRGAMMA+I evolutionary model, we detected a novel Ehrlichia sp. genotype closely related to genotypes of E. canis previously reported in dogs from Brazil. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of Ehrlichia sp. in opossums from this State in the southeastern region of the country.

Evidência de validade de conteúdo de uma medida de atenção plena / Evidence of content validity for a measure of mindfulness / Validez de contenido de la medida de mindfulness

A atenção plena é uma qualidade da consciência que surge ao prestar atenção, de forma intencional e com uma postura de não julgamento, às experiências que surgem no momento presente. Os objetivos deste estudo foram de verificar a pertinência dos itens para avaliar atenção plena, em relação ao modelo conceitual proposto, e analisar a clareza dos itens para o público alvo. Os itens foram submetidos à análise de juízes (N=3) e análise semântica (N=16). A concordância entre os juízes foi analisada pelo índice de concordância (IC) e pelo coeficiente Kappa. A análise semântica recebeu tratamento qualitativo. Excluíram-se os itens que apresentaram IC inferior a 50%. Após esta exclusão, os 145 itens que restaram apresentaram concordância geral moderada (k=0,51; p<,05) e índice de concordância satisfatório (75%). Conclui-se que a compreensão dos fatores da atenção plena é divergente entre os especialistas. Entretanto, os itens selecionados constituíram representações adequadas do construto e também mostraram-se compreensíveis para o público alvo, sugerindo validade de conteúdo para a escala.

Mindfulness is a quality of awareness that arises by paying attention, intentionally and with a non-judgmental stance, to the experiences that arise in the present moment. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of the items for assessing mindfulness in relation to the conceptual model and to analyse items’ transparency for the target-population. Items were submitted to expert (N=3) and semantic (N=16) analyses. Agreements between pairs of experts were assessed through the concordance index (CI) and kappa coefficient. Data from semantic analysis received qualitative treatment. Items that received CI lower than 50% were excluded. After this exclusion, the 145 items that remained presented moderated general agreement between experts (k=.51, p<.05) and satisfactory concordance index (75%). We conclude that the comprehension of the components of mindfulness is divergent among specialists. However, the retained items seem to represent adequately their correspondent construct and to be understandable for the target-population, suggesting content validity evidences for the scale.

La atención plena es una calidad de la conciencia que surge al prestar atención, de forma intencional y con una postura de no juicio, a las experiencias que surgen en el momento presente. Los objetivos de este estudio son verificar la pertinencia de los ítems para evaluar atención plena, en relación al modelo conceptual propuesto y analizar la claridad de los ítems para el público objetivo. Los ítems fueron sometidos al análisis de expertos (N=3) y la análisis semántica (N=16). Concordancia entre jueces fueron analizados por el índice de concordancia (IC) y el coeficiente Kappa. Los datos del análisis semántico fueran analizados cualitativamente. Ítems que mostraron menos de 50% de IC fueron excluidos. Después de esta exclusión, los 145 ítems que quedaron presentaron acuerdo general moderado (k=0,51; p<,05) y índice de concordancia satisfactorio (75%). Se concluye que la comprensión de los componentes de la atención plena es inconsistente entre los expertos. Sin embargo, los ítems seleccionados son representaciones adecuadas del constructo, y también se mostraron comprensibles para el público objetivo, lo que sugiere la validez de contenido de la escala.

Differential item functioning analysis on a measure of mindfulness (MAP) / Análise do funcionamento diferencial de uma medida de atenção plena (MAP) / Análisis del funcionamiento diferencial de una medida de atención plena (MAP)

Analysis of the differential item functioning (DIF) is of great importance when developing or validating psychological instruments, since it enables to identify whether there are bias on a given instrument concerning sample characteristics. Considering this importance, in this study, we verified the presence of DIF within items of a new instrument for the measurement of mindfulness (MAP), regarding the sex, age, practice with meditation, and use of alternative medicine of the sample. For this, 788 Brazilian adults, mean age of 26 years (SD=9.59), most women (79%) and single, responded the MAP. Overall, no DIF was identified with the positively worded items, indicating that the analyzed items do not favor, specifically, any of the groups tested in the present study.

Análise do funcionamento diferencial do item (DIF) é de extrema importância quando se está desenvolvendo ou adaptando instrumentos psicológicos, já que possibilita verificar diferenças nos escores por conta de variáveis diversas àquela mensurada pelo instrumento. Neste estudo, verificamos a presença de DIF nos itens de uma nova medida de mindfulness (MAP), considerando o sexo, idade, experiência com meditação, e o uso de medicina alternativa da amostra. Participaram 788 adultos brasileiros, com média de idade de 26 anos (DP=9,59), sendo a maioria mulheres (79%) e solteiros (79%), os quais responderam a MAP. De forma geral, não foram encontrados DIF considerados moderados ou altos na subscala mindfulness. Os resultados indicam que os itens da MAP não favorecem, exclusivamente, nenhum dos grupos testados.

Análisis del funcionamiento diferencial de los items (DIF) es importante en el desarrollo o adaptación de instrumentos psicológicos, puesto que hace posible comprobar diferencias en puntuaciones en funcion de variables que no la medida por el instrumento. En este estudio, observamos la presencia de items con DIF en una nueva medida de atención plena (MAP), teniendo en cuenta el sexo, edad, experiencia con meditación y con el uso de medicina alternativa de la muestra. Participaron 788 adultos brasileños, con media de edad de 26 años (DP=9.59), mayoría mujeres (79%), y solteros. No fueron observados DIF moderados o altos en los items positivos. Los resultados indican que la MAP no favorece a ninguno de los grupos evaluados em este estudio.

Evidência de validade da medida de atenção plena pela relação com outras variáveis / Validity evidence of a measurement of mindfulness, based on its relations to other variables / Evidencia de validez de la medida de atención plena por la relación con otras variables

Atenção plena é uma qualidade da consciência que surge ao prestar atenção às experiências percebidas no momento presente. Este artigo objetiva buscar evidências de validade da Medida de Atenção Plena (MAP) pela sua relação com outros construtos. Participaram 553 brasileiros adultos, a maioria universitários e com média de idades de 23,15 anos (DP = 7,34), os quais responderam às MAP, Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade, Escala de Afetos Positivos e Afetos Negativos, Escala de Satisfação de Vida, Bateria Psicológica da Atenção e à Medida de Inteligência Emocional. Foram efetuadas correlações entre os escores da MAP e os demais instrumentos. Encontraram-se correlações significativas entre mindfulness e os traços abertura e realização, afeto negativo e satisfação de vida. Atenção alternada, concentrada e geral e inteligência emocional mostraram-se associadas ao fator mindfulness. Conclui-se que a MAP possui evidências favoráveis de validade pela relação com outras variáveis, entretanto, novos estudos são demandados com o instrumento. (AU)

Mindfulness is a quality of consciousness, which may occur when one is intentionally aware of inner experiences. In this study, we have gathered validity evidence for a Measurement of Mindfulness (MAP), based on its relation to other variables (N=553). Participants included 553 Brazilian adults, mostly undergraduate students, with a mean age of 23.15 years (SD 7.34). We correlated the z-scores of MAP with the scores of the Factorial Battery of Personality, Positive affect and Negative Affect Scales, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Psychological Battery of Attention, and Measurement of Emotional Intelligence. Correlations were made between the MAP and other instruments. Significant correlations were found between mindfulness and the traits Openness and Satisfaction, negative affect and life satisfaction. Focused, alternating and general attention showed significant associations with mindfulness. Furthermore, we observed significant associations of emotional intelligence with mindfulness and novelty seeking. We conclude that the MAP is a valid instrument based on its relations to other variables; however, further studies with this instrument are necessary. (AU)

Atención Plena es una cualidad de la conciencia que surge al prestar atención a las experiencias internas percibidas en el presente momento. Este artículo tiene por objetivo buscar evidencias de validez de la Medida de Atención Plena en su relación con otros constructos. Participaron 553 brasileños adultos, mayoría universitarios y con edad media de 23,75 años; DP=7,34), los cuales respondieron Medida de Atención Plena (MAP), Batería Factorial de Personalidad, Escala de Afectos Positivos y Afectos Negativos, Escala de Satisfacción de vida, Batería Psicológica de Atención, y Medida de Inteligencia Emocional. Fueron efectuadas correlaciones entre los resultados de MAP y los demás instrumentos. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre Atención Plena y los trazos de Apertura y Realización, afecto negativo y satisfacción de vida. Atención alternada, concentrada y general, e inteligencia emocional se mostraron asociadas al factor Atención Plena. El estudio permite concluir que MAP posee evidencias favorables de validez por su relación con otras variables, mientras tanto, nuevos estudios son necesarios con el instrumento. (AU)

Detection of a putative novel genotype of Ehrlichia sp. from opossums (Didelphis aurita) from Brazil

Abstract Erlichiosis affects humans and animals worldwide. Its distribution and prevalence depends on the presence of tick vectors and hosts in one geographic area. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in opossums (Didelphis sp.) from the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. Blood samples from 37 animals were tested for these two pathogens using molecular methods. One animal (2.7%) was positive for Ehrlichia sp. by 16S rRNA-based nested PCR. In a phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene using the maximum likelihood method and the GTRGAMMA+I evolutionary model, we detected a novel Ehrlichia sp. genotype closely related to genotypes of E. canis previously reported in dogs from Brazil. To the authors knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of Ehrlichia sp. in opossums from this State in the southeastern region of the country.

Resumo A erliquiose afeta seres humanos e animais em todo o mundo. Sua distribuição e prevalência dependem da presença de vetores de carrapatos e hospedeiros em uma área geográfica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de Ehrlichia sp. e Anaplasma sp. em gambás (Didelphis sp.) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. Amostras de sangue de 37 animais foram testadas para estes dois patógenos usando métodos moleculares. Um animal (2,7%) foi positivo para Ehrlichia sp. baseado em 16S rRNA-nested PCR. Em uma análise filogenética baseada no gene 16S rRNA usando o método de máxima verossimilhança e o modelo evolutivo GTRGAMMA + I, detectamos um novo genótipo de Ehrlichia sp. intimamente relacionado a genótipos de E. canis previamente relatados em cães do Brasil. Para o conhecimento dos autores, esta é a primeira detecção molecular de Ehrlichia sp. em gambás deste estado na região sudeste do país.

Instrumentos para avaliar o construto mindfulness: uma revisão / Instruments for assessing the construct mindfulness: A review / Instrumentos de evaluación del constructo mindfulness: una revision

Tem havido um aumento no interesse de pesquisadores sobre o fenômeno mindfulness, contudo, sua definição não é consensual, o que afeta diversos aspectos dos instrumentos de medida do construto. Com o objetivo de mapear os instrumentos para avaliação do construto mindfulness, esta revisão apresenta um levantamento de oito instrumentos de medida, derivados de quatro revisões internacionais. Para a descrição das medidas, considerou-se a dimensionalidade do construto, as evidências de validade, precisão e estudos de adaptação transcultural. Foram identificados cinco modelos de mindfulness, com diferentes números de fatores, variando de um a cinco. Todas as medidas apresentaram evidências de validade baseada na estrutura interna e pela associação com variáveis externas. A precisão foi estimada, em grande parte, pelo teste-reteste. Quatro instrumentos analisados têm estudos de adaptação com amostras brasileiras. Sugere-se a ampliação das pesquisas sobre o tema no Brasil, tendo em vista os poucos estudos encontrados em âmbito nacional.(AU)

There has been a growing interest from researchers on the mindfulness phenomenon, however, its definition still not convergent among these researchers, which affects various aspects of its measurement instruments. With the objective of mapping such instruments, this review presents the psychometric properties of eight measurements of mindfulness, retrieved from four international reviews of the literature. In order to describe the measurements, we stated the operationalization of construct, their evidence of validity, reliability, and cross-cultural adaptation studies. Five different models for explaining the construct, composed of different quantities of factors (from one to five), were identified. Each of the eight measurements presented evidence of construct and convergent validity. Most instruments used test-retest for verifying reliability. Moreover, four of the instruments analyzed have already published adaptation studies for a Brazilian population. It is suggested that research on mindfulness be extended, given that there are few studies found nationally.(AU)

Ha habido un aumento en el interés de los investigadores sobre el mindfulness, todavia, su definición no es consensual, afectando a diferentes aspectos de los instrumentos de medida del constructo. Con el fin de conocer los instrumentos para evaluación del mindfulness, esta revisión presenta ocho instrumentos de medida, derivados de cuatro revisiones internacionales de literatura. La descripción de las medidas seleccionadas, incluyó la dimensionalidad del constructo, evidencias de validez, precision y estudios de adaptación transcultural. Se encontraron cinco modelos para la comprension del mindfulness, con numero de factores, desde uno hasta cinco. Todos los instrumentos apresentaram evidencia de validez basado en su estructura interna y por asociación con variables externas. La precisión fue mayormente estimada por el test-retest. Cuatro instrumentos disponen de estudios de adaptación para brasileños. Se sugiere la expansión de la investigación sobre el tema en Brasil, sobretudo por los pocos estudios que se encuentran en el país.(AU)