Two sides of the same runner! The association between biomechanical and physiological markers of endurance performance in distance runners.

BACKGROUND: The number of people who run to achieve competitive performance has increased, encouraging the scientific community to analyze the association of factors that can affect a runner performance. RESEARCH QUESTION: Is there association between running spatiotemporal and angular kinematics with the physiological markers of endurance performance during a cardiorespiratory exercise test? METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study with 40 distance runners simultaneously submitted to a running biomechanical analysis and cardiorespiratory exercise test on a treadmill. Mixed models were developed to verify the association between angular kinematic data obtained by the Movement Deviation Profile and the running spatiotemporal data with oxygen consumption and ventilatory thresholds. RESULTS: Spatiotemporal variables [.e., step frequency Odds Ratio 0.09 [0.06-0.12 95 % Confidence Interval], center of mass vertical displacement Odds Ratio 0.10 [0.07-0.14 95 % Confidence Interval], and step length [Odds Ratio -0.01 [-0.01 to -0.00 95 % Confidence Interval]] were associated with VO2. Also, step frequency Odds Ratio 1.03 [1.01-1.05 95 % Confidence Interval] was associated with the first ventilatory threshold, and angular running kinematics [Movement Deviation Profile analysis] Odds Ratio 1.47 [1.13-1.91 95 % Confidence Interval] was associated with peak of exercise during the cardiorespiratory exercise test. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings demonstrated that: both higher step frequency and center of mass vertical displacement are associated with the increase of oxygen demand; step frequency is associated with the first ventilatory threshold, due to the entrainment mechanism and angular kinematic parameters are associated with peak aerobic speed. Future studies could also compare the biomechanical and physiological characteristics of different groups of distance runners. This could help identify the factors that contribute to oxygen demands during running and performance across different ages, genders, and levels of competition.

O impacto de maus-tratos na saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes: revisão integrativa de literatura / The impact of maltreatment on the mental health of children and adolescents: an integrative literature review / El impacto del maltrato en la salud mental de niños y adolescentes: una revisión bibliográfica integradora

Os maus-tratos na infância e na adolescência consistem em abusos psicoló- gicos, físicos e sexuais, além de negligência dos cuidadores, gerando prejuízos psicoló- gicos nesses indivíduos. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar na literatura nacional e interna- cional o impacto dos maus-tratos na saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada entre agosto e outubro de 2020, na Biblio- teca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), por meio da questão norteadora: "Quais são os estudos originais nacionais e internacionais que abordam o impacto de maus-tratos na saúde men- tal de crianças e adolescentes?". Foram incluídos artigos em inglês, disponíveis na ínte- gra, e correspondentes aos últimos três anos. Excluíram-se documentos que não apresen- tavam pertinência no estudo conduzido. Foram eleitos dezesseis artigos para análise, que foram divididos em quatro categorias:"I: Associação direta entre maus-tratos e problemas de saúde mental por crianças e adolescentes", a qual evidenciou prejuízos psicológicos como depressão e distúrbios do sono; "II: Fatores de proteção para a saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de maus-tratos", que indicou atividades extracurriculares e ambiente familiar acolhedor como fatores de melhor prognóstico diante dos abusos; "III: Relação entre culpabilização da vítima de maus-tratos pela sociedade e sua saúde mental", a qual apresentou consequências negativas da cultura de culpabilização da ví- tima; e "IV: Influência da experiência pregressa de maus-tratos em cuidadores como fator preditor de perpetuação de abusos", que identificou a reprodução de estruturas familiares abusivas. Observa-se que os maus-tratos são uma problemática de saúde pública, o que afirma a necessidade de consolidação de políticas públicas no âmbito, a fim de garantir maior proteção a crianças e adolescentes.

Maltreatments in childhood and adolescence consists of psychological, physical and sexual absuses, in addition to negligence by caregivers, generating psycho- logical disturbs in these individuals. The objective of the study was to analyze in the national and international literature the impact of maltreatments in the mental health of children and adolescents. This is na integrative literature review conducted between Au- gust and October 2020, at the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), through the guiding question: "What are the original national and international studies that address the impact of maltreatments in the mental health of children and adolescents?". Articles in English, fully available, and corresponding to the last three years were included. Documents which were not relevant in the study conducted were excluded. Sixteen articles were chosen for analysis, which were divided into four categories: "I: Direct association between abuse and mental health problems by children and adolescents", which showed psychological damage such as depression and sleep disordes; "II: Protection factors for the mental health of children and adolescents who were victims of abuse", that indicated extracurricular activities and welcoming family environment as factors of better prognosis in the face of abuse; "III: Relationship between culpabilization of the victim of abuse by society and its mental health", which presented negative consequences of the culture of culpabilization of the victim; and "IV: Influence of the previous experience of maltreatment in caregivers as a predictor of perpetuation of abuse", that identified the reproduction of abusive family structures. It is observed that maltreatment is a public health problem, which affirms the need to consolidate public policies in the scope, in order to ensure greater protection for children and adolescents.

Los malos tratos en la infancia y adolescencia consisten en ausencias psico- lógicas, físicas y sexuales, además de negligencia por parte de los cuidadores, generando disturbios psico-lógicos en estos individuos. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar en la literatura nacional e internacional el impacto de los malos tratos en la salud mental de niños y adolescentes. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada entre ago- sto e outubro de 2020, na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), através da pergunta orien- tadora: "¿Cuáles son los estudios originales nacionales e internacionales que abordan el impacto de los malos tratos en la salud mental de niños y adolescentes?". Se incluyeron artículos en inglés, totalmente disponibles y correspondientes a los últimos tres años. Se excluyeron los documentos que no eran relevantes para el estudio realizado. Se eligieron 16 artículos para el análisis, que se dividieron en cuatro categorías: "I: Asociación directa entre maltrato y problemas de salud mental de niños y adolescentes", que mostraba daños psicológicos como depresión y trastornos del sueño; "II: Factores de protección para la salud mental de niños y adolescentes víctimas de maltrato", que indicaba las actividades extraescolares y el ambiente familiar acogedor como factores de mejor pronóstico ante el maltrato; "III: Relación entre la culpabilización de la víctima de maltrato por parte de la sociedad y su salud mental", que presentó las consecuencias negativas de la cultura de culpabilización de la víctima; y "IV: Influencia de la experiencia previa de maltrato en los cuidadores como predictor de perpetuación del maltrato", que identificó la reproduc- ción de estructuras familiares abusivas. Se observa que el maltrato es un problema de salud pública, lo que afirma la necesidad de consolidar políticas públicas en el ámbito, a fin de garantizar una mayor protección a los niños y adolescentes.

Impacts of technology on children's health: a systematic review / Impactos da tecnologia na saúde infantil: revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective: To identify the consequences of technology overuse in childhood. Data source: A systematic review was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed (National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health) and BVS (Virtual Health Library), considering articles published from 2015 to 2020, in English, Portuguese and Spanish using the terms "Internet", "Child" and "Growth and Development". Data synthesis: 554 articles were found and 8 were included in the analysis. The studies' methodological quality was assessed by the Strobe and Consort criteria, being scored from 17 to 22 points. The articles showed positive and negative factors associated with the use of technology in childhood, although most texts emphasize the harmful aspects. Excessive use of internet, games and exposure to television are associated with intellectual deficits and mental health issues, but can also enable psychosocial development. Conclusions: Preventing the use of the internet is a utopic measure ever since society makes use of technologies. The internet is associated with benefits as well as with harms. It is important to optimize the use of internet and reduce risks with the participation of parents and caregivers as moderators, and training of health professionals to better guide them.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as consequências do uso excessivo da tecnologia na infância. Fontes de dados: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed (National Library of Medicine — National Institutes of Health) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) com artigos publicados de 2015 a 2020, em inglês, português e espanhol, utilizando os termos internet, child e growth and development. Síntese dos dados: Foram localizados 554 artigos, resultando em oito artigos incluídos nesta pesquisa. Os estudos foram avaliados quanto à sua qualidade metodológica pelos critérios Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (Strobe) e Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (Consort) e receberam pontuações que variaram de 17 a 22 pontos. Os artigos evidenciaram que há fatores positivos e negativos associados ao uso de tecnologias na infância, embora a maioria dos textos ressalte seu aspecto prejudicial. O uso excessivo de internet, jogos e exposição à televisão ocasionaram alterações intelectuais e da saúde mental, porém também possibilitaram o desenvolvimento psicossocial. Conclusões: Impedir o uso da internet é uma medida utópica, visto que a sociedade faz uso de tecnologias. Considerando que a internet pode trazer benefícios, mas também malefícios, são importantes a otimização do uso e a redução dos riscos, como a participação dos pais e responsáveis como moderadores dessa utilização, além da atualização dos profissionais da saúde para melhor orientá-los.

Impacts of technology on children's health: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the consequences of technology overuse in childhood. DATA SOURCE: A systematic review was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed (National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health) and BVS (Virtual Health Library), considering articles published from 2015 to 2020, in English, Portuguese and Spanish using the terms "Internet", "Child" and "Growth and Development". DATA SYNTHESIS: 554 articles were found and 8 were included in the analysis. The studies' methodological quality was assessed by the Strobe and Consort criteria, being scored from 17 to 22 points. The articles showed positive and negative factors associated with the use of technology in childhood, although most texts emphasize the harmful aspects. Excessive use of internet, games and exposure to television are associated with intellectual deficits and mental health issues, but can also enable psychosocial development. CONCLUSIONS: Preventing the use of the internet is a utopic measure ever since society makes use of technologies. The internet is associated with benefits as well as with harms. It is important to optimize the use of internet and reduce risks with the participation of parents and caregivers as moderators, and training of health professionals to better guide them.

The Dichotomous Effect of Thiamine Supplementation on Tumorigenesis: A Systematic Review.

The malignant neoplastic cell is characterized by its diverse metabolic changes. It occurs in order to maintain the high rate of proliferation. The possibility of new pharmacological targets has inserted tumor metabolism as a target for recent research, emphasizing the enzymatic activity of thiamin. This review aims to elucidate the behavior of thiamin against tumor development. This is a systematic review in which studies indexed in Pubmed, Scopus, SciELO and BVS were searched using the descriptors (Thiamin OR Vitamin B1) AND (Cancer OR Malignant neoplasia) AND (Tumor metabolism). Title and abstract were read. Duplicates, literary reviews, books, conference abstracts, editorials, and papers published prior to 2010 were eliminated. 23 records were included in this review. Low doses of thiamin have been shown to be enough to stimulate tumor growth. Another population studies has shown evidence of tumor regression after correction of vitamin B1 deficiency. There is an open path for the development of new research to better assess the influence of thiamin on cancer cells. Once the connections between thiamin and the metabolism of cancer cells are fully established, new opportunities for therapeutic intervention and dietary modification will appear to reduce the progression of the disease in patients with cancer.

Alendronato de sódio e vitamina D na osteoporose pós-menopausa: revisão sistemática / Alendronate sodium and vitamin D in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia da utilização da terapia combinada de alendronato de sódio e vitamina D no metabolismo ósseo de mulheres em tratamento de osteoporose pós-menopausa. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, a qual foram pesquisados ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) indexados nas bases de dados BVS, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect e Scopus que comparavam a associação de alendronato sódico e vitamina D com a monoterapia de alendronato de sódio. Resultados: um total de seis ECR contemplou os critérios para serem inclusos nesse estudo, compreendendo um total de 4164 participantes e seus respectivos dados. Os estudos avaliaram diferentes domínios do metabolismo ósseo, como níveis séricos de vitamina D, paratormônio, densidade mineral óssea e marcadores de turnover ósseo. A terapia combinada produziu melhora significativa nos marcadores metabólicos ósseos. Conclusão: a terapia combinada de alendronato de sódio com vitamina D promove melhora no metabolismo ósseo de mulheres com osteoporose pós-menopausa.

Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of using the combined therapy of sodium alendronate and vitamin D on bone metabolism in women undergoing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: this is a systematic review. The studies included were Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) indexed in the BVS, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Scopus Databases which compared the association of sodium alendronate and vitamin D to monotherapy of sodium alendronate. Results: a total of six RCT met the criteria to be included in this study, comprising a total of 4164 participants and their respective data. The studies evaluated different domains of bone metabolism, such as serum levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, bone mineral density and bone turnover markers. Combination therapy produced significant improvement in bone metabolic markers. Conclusion: combined therapy of sodium alendronate with vitamin D promotes improved bone metabolism in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Analysis of Conduction Intervals in Normal Electrophysiological Studies: Establishment of Reference Values the Brazilian Population

Abstract Background In the investigation of cardiac rhythm disorders, a normal electrophysiological (EPS) study is associated with a favorable prognosis. One of the normality criteria is established by conduction intervals within expected range. Objective To establish reference values in EPS for the intracavitary conduction intervals (PA, AH and HV) in a Brazilian population. Methods A retrospective cohort study of the first 1,500 patients submitted to EPS ablation was performed at Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The EPS was considered normal if the test was performed for diagnostic purpose; absence of induced arrhythmias; and conduction intervals within the expected range. The REDCap software was used for data collection and management, and the SPSS Statistics 22.0 used for data analysis. Continuous variables were compared with Student's t-test for independent samples and categorical variables with the chi-square test (X 2 ). Values of p ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results A total of 124 (8.3%) with EPS considered normal were included; mean age was 52 ± 21 years, and 63 were male. The mean values in milliseconds of PA, AH and HV were 23 ± 9, 88 ± 25 and 44 ± 7, respectively. The PA, AH, and HV percentile ranges were 13 - 25, 81-107 and 40 - 52, respectively. When the patients were divided into three age groups (1 to 18 years, 19 to 64 years and 65 or more), we observed that the group of older patients had significantly higher values of PA, AH and HV compared with younger patients. Conclusion This study showed that intracavitary conduction intervals in a sample of the Brazilian population were similar to previously published studies. Elderly patients tend to have higher values of intracavitary conduction intervals in EPS. Future studies including broader age ranges could enable the acquisition of more reliable and reproducible reference values. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-patients in Antiretroviral Therapy.

INTRODUCTION: The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV/AIDS varies from 20% to 33%. OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in a group of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with HIV-infected patients from a reference center in Bahia, Brazil. We evaluated clinical, socio-demographic and anthropometric data. MS was defined according to the guidelines of International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS: We evaluated 152 patients with mean age of 47.3±11.6 years, 59.2% male. The main comorbidities detected were diabetes (3.3%) hypertriglyceridemia (9.3%) and metabolic syndrome (MS,38.2%). Patients with MS were predominantly women (55.2% vs 31.9%; p=0.005), older [52.1 (10.4) vs 44.3 (11.3); p<0.001], and had overweight (74.1% vs 23.4%; p<0.001). After multivariate analysis MS remained associated with age (OR = 1.076; 95% CI: 1.030 - 1.125), female sex (OR = 2.452; 95% CI: 1.114 - 5.374) and family history of hypertension (OR = 3.678; 95% CI: 1.431 - 9.395). CONCLUSION: Almost half of the HIV-infected patients in Bahia presents with MS which seems to be driven by classical risk factors.

Internal Validation of a Risk Score for Prediction of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery has great clinical and economic implications. Many attempts have been made to identify risk factors aiming at a better evaluation of prophylactic treatment strategies. Objective: To perform an internal validation of a risk score for POAF. Methods: A prospective cohort of 1,054 patients who underwent myocardial revascularization and/or valve surgery was included. The risk score model was developed in 448 patients, and its performance was tested in the remaining 606 patients. Variables with a significance level of 5% in the cohort were included and subjected to a multiple logistic regression model with backward selection. Performance statistics was performed using the c-statistic, the chi-square and the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) goodness-of-fit, Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Four variables were considered predictors of outcome: age (≥ 70 years), mitral valve disease, the non-use or discontinuation of beta-blockers and a positive water balance (> 1,500 mL). The ROC curve was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.79). The risk model showed a good ability according to the performance statistics - HL test x(2) = 0.93; p = 0.983 and r = 0.99 (Pearson's coefficient). There was an increase in the frequency of POAF with the increase of the score: very low risk = 0.0%; low risk = 3.9%; intermediate risk = 10.9%; and high risk = 60.0%; p < 0.0001. Conclusion: The predictive variables of POAF allowed us to construct a simplified risk score. This scoring system showed good accuracy and can be used in routine clinical practice.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: The systematic review included articles indexed in MEDLINE (by PubMed), Web of Science, IBECS, and LILACS. Studies eligible included the year of publication, diagnose criteria of NAFLD and HIV, and were published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish from 2006 to 2018. The exclusion criteria were studies with HIV-infection patients and other liver diseases. Two reviewers were involved in the study and applied the same methodology, according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen papers were selected, including full articles, editorial letters, and reviews. Twenty-seven articles were excluded because they did meet the inclusion criteria. A total of 89 articles were read, and 13 were considered eligible for this review. Four case series used imaging methods to identify NAFLD, and nine included histology. The prevalence of NAFLD in HIV-patients ranged from 30%-100% and, in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), from 20% to 89%. A positive association between dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and body mass index was observed. There was no agreement between the studies that evaluated the relationship between antiretroviral drugs and NAFLD. CONCLUSION: This systematic review showed a high prevalence of NAFLD in HIV-patients, which was associated with metabolic risk factors. The possible association between antiretroviral therapy and NAFLD needs further studies.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with HIV/AIDS. METHODS The systematic review included articles indexed in MEDLINE (by PubMed), Web of Science, IBECS, and LILACS. Studies eligible included the year of publication, diagnose criteria of NAFLD and HIV, and were published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish from 2006 to 2018. The exclusion criteria were studies with HIV-infection patients and other liver diseases. Two reviewers were involved in the study and applied the same methodology, according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). RESULTS One hundred and sixteen papers were selected, including full articles, editorial letters, and reviews. Twenty-seven articles were excluded because they did meet the inclusion criteria. A total of 89 articles were read, and 13 were considered eligible for this review. Four case series used imaging methods to identify NAFLD, and nine included histology. The prevalence of NAFLD in HIV-patients ranged from 30%-100% and, in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), from 20% to 89%. A positive association between dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and body mass index was observed. There was no agreement between the studies that evaluated the relationship between antiretroviral drugs and NAFLD. CONCLUSION This systematic review showed a high prevalence of NAFLD in HIV-patients, which was associated with metabolic risk factors. The possible association between antiretroviral therapy and NAFLD needs further studies.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a relevância da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) em pacientes com HIV / AIDS. MÉTODOS A revisão sistemática foi realizada utilizando instrumentos de busca de material científico indexado, incluindo MEDLINE (pela PubMed), Web of Science, IBECS e LILACS. Estudos elegíveis incluíram o ano de publicação, critérios para diagnostico de DHGNA e HIV, publicados em inglês, português e espanhol, entre 2006 a 2018. Os critérios de exclusão incluíram estudos com pacientes com outras doenças do fígado. Dois revisores foram envolvidos na pesquisa dos artigos e o PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta - Analyses) foi utilizado nas análises. RESULTADOS Cento e dezesseis artigos foram selecionados, 27 excluídos porque não preencheram critérios de inclusão e assim, 89 foram lidos pelos investigadores. Desses, 13 artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Quatro séries de casos utilizaram métodos por imagens para identificação de DHGNA e nove estudos utilizaram biópsia hepática. A prevalência de DHGNA em pacientes com HIV variou de 30% a 100% e esteato-hepatite não alcoólica (EHNA) entre 20% e 89%. Na avaliação das principais variáveis estudadas, observou-se a associação positiva entre dislipidemia, resistência à insulina e índice de massa corporal. Não houve concordância entre os artigos que avaliaram a relação dos antiretrovirais com a DHGNA. CONCLUSÕES A presente revisão sistemática sugere elevada prevalência de DHGNA em pacientes infectados com HIV. DHGNA nesses pacientes foi associada principalmente a fatores metabólicos. A possível associação entre terapia antiretroviral e DHGNA nesses pacientes vem sendo discutida, mas são necessários mais estudos para estabelecer essa associação.

Recurrencia de fibrilación auricular posablación de venas pulmonares. Identificación de factores predictores / Atrial fibrillation recurrence post pulmonary vein ablation. Identification of predictive factors / Recorrência da fibrilação atrial pós-ablação das veias pulmonares. Identificação de fatores preditivos

Resumen: La ablación de la fibrilación auricular mediante el aislamiento de las venas pulmonares, es una estrategia ampliamente utilizada en la actualidad. La recurrencia posablación es un problema frecuente. Se han investigado varios predictores de recurrencia con el fin de optimizar la elección del paciente que más se beneficia del procedimiento. Actualmente la evidencia es controvertida, siendo necesarios más estudios al respecto.

Summary: The ablation of atrial fibrillation based on pulmonary veins isolation, is a widely used strategy nowadays. Post ablation recurrence is a frequent problem. Several recurrence predictors have been researched, with the purpose of choosing the patient that would benefit the most from this procedure. Current evidence is controversial and more research is needed.

Non-fluoroscopic catheter ablation: A randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation provides curative treatment for tachyarrhythmias. Fluoroscopy, the method used for this, presents several risks. The electroanatomical mapping (MEA) presents a three-dimensional image without using X-rays, and may be adjunct to fluoroscopy. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the possibility of performing catheter ablation with the exclusive use of electroanatomical mapping (MEA), dispensing with fluoroscopy. We compared the total time of procedure and success rates against the technique using fluoroscopy (RX) with emission of X-rays. METHODS: Randomized, unicentric, uni-blind study of patients referred for tachyarrhythmia ablation. RESULTS: Twelve patients were randomized to the XR group and 11 to the EAM group. The mean age was 48.5 (±12.6) vs 46.3 (±16.6) (P = ns). Success occurred in 11 patients (91.7%) in the RX group and 9 (81.8%) in the MEA group (P = 0.46). The procedure time in minutes was higher in the MEA group than in the RX group (79-47-125min vs 49-30-100min; P = 0.006). The mean fluoroscopy time was 11 ±â€¯9 min versus zero (RX vs MEA: P < 0.001). The mean radiofrequency applications were lower in the RX group against the MEA group (6 ±â€¯3.5 × 13.2 ±â€¯18.2 p < 0.019). There were no complications. CONCLUSION: MEA opened new therapeutic possibilities for patients with arrhythmias, reducing the risk of radiation. In this study, it was possible to demonstrate that it is feasible to perform ablation only with the use of MEA, with similar success with fluoroscopy, at the expense of a longer procedure time.

Coronary sinus cannulation predicts atrioventricular nodal reentry as mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia.

INTRODUCTION: Common clinical teaching, for invasive electrophysiology, is that if the first year fellow cannulates the coronary sinus (CS) in his first attempt, the arrhythmia is more likely to be atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT). This general perception has not yet been clinically tested. We evaluated this theory in prospective patients undergoing an electrophysiological study (EPS) for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). METHODS: Cohort study. CS ease of cannulation (CSCS) was graded as: 1) 1st year fellow cannulates in first attempt; 2) 1st year fellow needs more than one attempt or maneuver to cannulate the CS; 3) staff physician cannulates in first attempt after the fellow was unsuccessful; 4) staff physician requires more than one maneuver to cannulate the CS; 5) staff physician judges that the cannulation process was extremely difficult. RESULTS: Of the 1361 patients undergoing EPS in our institution, 165 were selected. Age was 49 ±â€¯15 years. AVNRT occurred in 77.6%, atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT) in 15.1% and atrial tachycardia (AT) in 7.3% of cases. The CSCS = 1 was more prevalent in AVNRT, 89% versus 68% AVRT and 58.3% of AT (P = 0.0005). Patients with CSCS = 1 have a higher chance of the PSVT being AVNRT (odds ratio: 4.41; 95CI: 1.84-10.56; P = 0.0009). CONCLUSION: The CSCS predicts the likelihood of the induced PSVT being AVNRT as compared to AVRT and AT. More studies are required to try to associate this finding to clinical patient characteristics to create a score for PSVT mechanism prediction.

Cohort of Patients Referred for Brugada Syndrome Investigation in an Electrophysiology Service - 19-Year Registry / Coorte de Pacientes Encaminhados para Investigação de Síndrome de Brugada em um Serviço Terciário de Eletrofisiologia - Registro de 19 Anos

Abstract Background: Brugada syndrome (SBr) is an arrhythmic condition characterized by ST-T segment abnormalities in the right precordial leads associated with a high risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Local data regarding the clinical characteristics of patients with a typical electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern undergoing electrophysiological study are scarce. Objective: To evaluate patients with an ECG pattern suggestive of SBr referred for electrophysiological evaluation in a specialized center. Methods: Cohort study of patients referred for electrophysiological study because of an ECG pattern compatible with SBr between January 1998 and March 2017. Results: Of the 5506 procedures, 35 (0.64%) were for SBr investigation, 25 of which (71.42%) were performed in men. The mean age was 43.89 ± 13.1 years. The ECG patterns were as follows: type I, 22 (62.85%); type II, 12 (34.30%); and type III, 1 (2.85%). Twenty-three patients (65.7%) were asymptomatic, 6 (17.14%) had palpitations, 5 (14.3%) had syncope, and 3 (8.6%) had a family history of sudden death. Electrophysiological study induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 16 cases (45.7%), the mean ventricular refractory period being 228 ± 36 ms. Ajmaline / procainamide was used in 11 cases (31.4%), changing the ECG pattern to type I in 7 (63.6%). Sixteen cases (45.7%) received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). In a mean 5-year follow-up, 1 of the 16 patients (6.25%) with ICD had appropriate therapy for ventricular fibrillation. There was no death. Other arrhythmias occurred in 4 (11.4%) cases. Conclusions: Most patients are men, and a type I ECG pattern is the main indication for electrophysiological study. Class IA drugs have a high ECG conversion rate. The ICD event rate was 6%. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Resumo Fundamento: Síndrome de Brugada (SBr) é uma condição arrítmica definida por anormalidades do segmento ST-T em derivações V1-V3 associada a risco elevado de arritmias ventriculares e morte súbita. Dados locais quanto às características clínicas dos pacientes com padrão eletrocardiográfico (ECG) típico avaliados por estudo eletrofisiológico (EEF) são escassos. Objetivo: Avaliar pacientes com padrão ECG sugestivo de SBr encaminhados para EEF em um centro especializado. Métodos: Estudo de coorte de casos encaminhados para EEF por padrão ECG compatível com SBr, entre janeiro de 1998 e março de 2017. Resultados: Dos 5506 procedimentos, 35 (0,64%) foram para investigação de SBr. Vinte e cinco (71,42%) eram homens. Idade média 43,89 ± 13,1 anos. Apresentação ECG foi tipo I em 22 casos (62,85%), tipo II em 12 (34,30%) e tipo III em 1 (2,85%). Vinte e três (65,7%) eram assintomáticos, 6 (17,14%) apresentavam palpitações, 5 (14,3%) síncope, 3 (8,6%) história familiar de morte súbita. Estudo eletrofisiológico induziu taquiarritmias ventriculares em 16 casos (45,7%), sendo o período refratário ventricular médio de 228 ± 36 ms. Utilizou-se ajmalina/procainamida em 11 casos (31,4%), sendo o padrão ECG transformado em tipo I em 7 (63,6%). Dezesseis casos (45,7%) receberam cardiodes fibrilador (CDI). Em seguimento médio de 5 anos, 1 dos 16 pacientes (6,25%) com CDI teve terapia apropriada para fibrilação ventricular. Nenhuma morte foi registrada. Outras arritmias ocorreram em 4 (11,4%) casos. Conclusões: Homens são maioria, sendo o padrão ECG tipo I a principal indicação de EEF. Droga classe IA possui alta taxa de conversão do padrão ECG. A taxa de eventos no CDI foi de 6%. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Cohort of Patients Referred for Brugada Syndrome Investigation in an Electrophysiology Service - 19-Year Registry.

BACKGROUND: Brugada syndrome (SBr) is an arrhythmic condition characterized by ST-T segment abnormalities in the right precordial leads associated with a high risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Local data regarding the clinical characteristics of patients with a typical electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern undergoing electrophysiological study are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patients with an ECG pattern suggestive of SBr referred for electrophysiological evaluation in a specialized center. METHODS: Cohort study of patients referred for electrophysiological study because of an ECG pattern compatible with SBr between January 1998 and March 2017. RESULTS: Of the 5506 procedures, 35 (0.64%) were for SBr investigation, 25 of which (71.42%) were performed in men. The mean age was 43.89 ± 13.1 years. The ECG patterns were as follows: type I, 22 (62.85%); type II, 12 (34.30%); and type III, 1 (2.85%). Twenty-three patients (65.7%) were asymptomatic, 6 (17.14%) had palpitations, 5 (14.3%) had syncope, and 3 (8.6%) had a family history of sudden death. Electrophysiological study induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 16 cases (45.7%), the mean ventricular refractory period being 228 ± 36 ms. Ajmaline / procainamide was used in 11 cases (31.4%), changing the ECG pattern to type I in 7 (63.6%). Sixteen cases (45.7%) received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). In a mean 5-year follow-up, 1 of the 16 patients (6.25%) with ICD had appropriate therapy for ventricular fibrillation. There was no death. Other arrhythmias occurred in 4 (11.4%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients are men, and a type I ECG pattern is the main indication for electrophysiological study. Class IA drugs have a high ECG conversion rate. The ICD event rate was 6%. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

Uninterrupted Use of Oral Anticoagulants for the Ablation of Atrial Flutter: A Single Center Cohort of 154 Patients.

BACKGROUND: The uninterrupted use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for electrophysiology procedures has been more and more recommended. The clinical practice in our service recommends the continuous use of these drugs for atrial flutter ablation. There is little evidence as to the uninterrupted use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in this scenario. OBJECTIVE: To compare the rates of complications related with the uninterrupted use of different types of oral anticoagulants in patients referred to atrial flutter (AFL) ablation. METHODS: Historical, single-center cohort of ablation procedures by AFL conducted from November 2012 to April 2016. The primary outcome was the occurrence of hemorrhagic or embolic complication during the procedure. The secondary outcome was the occurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in follow-up. The statistical significance level was 5%. RESULTS: There were 288 ablations per AFL; 154 were carried out with the uninterrupted use of OAC (57.8% with VKA and 42.2% with NOAC). Mean age was 57 ± 13 years. The rate of hemorrhagic complication during the procedure was 3% in each group (p = NS). The rate of stroke/TIA was, respectively, of 56/1,000 people-year in the VKA group against zero/1,000 people-year in the NOAC group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In our population there were no hemorrhagic complications regarding the procedure of OAC use uninterruptedly, including NOACs. There was higher occurrence of stroke/TIA in the follow-up of the group of patients undergoing VKAs; however, this difference may not only be a result of the type of OAC used.

Uninterrupted Use of Oral Anticoagulants for the Ablation of Atrial Flutter: A Single Center Cohort of 154 Patients / Uso Ininterrupto de Anticoagulantes Orais na Ablação de Flutter Atrial Istmo-Cavotricuspídeo Dependente: Coorte Unicêntrica de 154 Pacientes

Abstract Background: The uninterrupted use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for electrophysiology procedures has been more and more recommended. The clinical practice in our service recommends the continuous use of these drugs for atrial flutter ablation. There is little evidence as to the uninterrupted use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in this scenario. Objective: To compare the rates of complications related with the uninterrupted use of different types of oral anticoagulants in patients referred to atrial flutter (AFL) ablation. Methods: Historical, single-center cohort of ablation procedures by AFL conducted from November 2012 to April 2016. The primary outcome was the occurrence of hemorrhagic or embolic complication during the procedure. The secondary outcome was the occurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in follow-up. The statistical significance level was 5%. Results: There were 288 ablations per AFL; 154 were carried out with the uninterrupted use of OAC (57.8% with VKA and 42.2% with NOAC). Mean age was 57 ± 13 years. The rate of hemorrhagic complication during the procedure was 3% in each group (p = NS). The rate of stroke/TIA was, respectively, of 56/1,000 people-year in the VKA group against zero/1,000 people-year in the NOAC group (p = 0.02). Conclusion: In our population there were no hemorrhagic complications regarding the procedure of OAC use uninterruptedly, including NOACs. There was higher occurrence of stroke/TIA in the follow-up of the group of patients undergoing VKAs; however, this difference may not only be a result of the type of OAC used.

Resumo Fundamento: O uso ininterrupto de anticoagulação oral (ACO) com antagonistas da vitamina K (AVKs) para procedimentos de eletrofisiologia está sendo cada vez mais recomendado. A prática clínica em nosso serviço é de uso continuado dessas drogas para ablação de flutter atrial. Existem poucas evidências quanto ao uso ininterrupto dos anticoagulantes orais não antagonistas da vitamina K (NOACs) nesse cenário. Objetivos: Comparar as taxas de complicações relacionadas ao uso ininterrupto de diferentes tipos de anticoagulantes orais em pacientes referidos para ablação por flutter atrial (FLA). Métodos: Coorte histórica e unicêntrica dos procedimentos de ablação por FLA realizados no período de novembro de 2012 a abril de 2016. O desfecho primário foi o de ocorrência de complicação hemorrágica ou embólica durante o procedimento. O desfecho secundário foi o de ocorrência de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) ou acidente isquêmico transitório (AIT) no acompanhamento. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Foram incluídas 288 ablações por FLA; 154 foram feitas com uso ininterrupto de ACO (57,8% com AVK e 42,2% com NOAC). A idade média foi de 57 ± 13 anos. A taxa de complicação hemorrágica durante o procedimento foi de 3% em cada grupo (p = NS). A taxa de AVC/AIT foi, respectivamente, de 56/1.000-pessoas-ano no grupo AVK contra zero/1.000-pessoas-ano no grupo NOAC (p = 0,02). Conclusão: Em nossa população não ocorreram complicações hemorrágicas relacionadas ao procedimento com uso de ACO de forma ininterrupta, incluindo NOACs. Houve maior ocorrência de AVC/AIT no seguimento no grupo de pacientes em uso de AVK, contudo essa diferença pode não ser decorrente apenas do tipo de ACO em uso.