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1.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 80(11): 1090-1096, 2022 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36577407

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lacosamide (LCM) is a third-generation anti-seizure drug approved in Europe and the United States, either as a monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, to treat partial-onset seizures in adults, adolescents, and children. In Brazil, LCM is licensed for treatment only in patients older than 16 years of age. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a cohort of children presenting with refractory epilepsy who received LCM as an add-on therapy and observe the response and tolerability to the LCM treatment. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary health care facility, which included 26 children, aged up to 16 years, who presented with refractory epilepsy and received LCM as an add-on treatment. The follow-up visits were scheduled every 3 months until 9 months of treatment with LCM. RESULTS: After 3 months of LCM administration, in 73.1% of the children, there was a reduction of > 50% in the frequency of seizures, and this clinical improvement was maintained in most patients (73.9%) for the following 9 months. Mild (such as, somnolence and behavioral changes) or severe (seizure worsening) adverse effects were observed in two and three children respectively. Among responders to LCM, there was a higher prevalence of males, fewer concomitant anti-seizure drugs, and lower percentage of patients using sodium channel blockers. CONCLUSIONS: Lacosamide should be considered as an early treatment option in pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy, mainly focal seizures.


ANTECEDENTES: Lacosamida (LCM) é um fármaco anticrise de terceira geração aprovado na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, utilizado como monoterapia ou terapia adjuvante para tratar crises epilépticas focais em adultos, adolescentes e crianças. No Brasil, a LCM só é aprovada para tratamento em pacientes com mais de 16 anos de idade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar uma coorte de crianças com epilepsia refratária que receberam LCM como terapia adjuvante e observar a resposta e tolerabilidade ao tratamento. MéTODOS: Um estudo de coorte retrospectivo conduzido em uma unidade terciária de saúde, que incluiu 26 crianças de até 16 anos de idade que apresentavam epilepsia refratária e receberam um tratamento complementar com LCM. As visitas de acompanhamento foram agendadas a cada 3 meses, até 9 meses de tratamento com LCM. RESULTADOS: Após 3 meses de administração de LCM, em 73,1% das crianças, a frequência das crises teve uma redução maior do que 50%, e essa melhora clínica foi mantida na maioria dos pacientes (73,9%) pelos 9 meses seguintes. Efeitos adversos leves (como, sonolência e alterações comportamentais) ou graves (agravamento das crises) foram observados em duas e três crianças, respectivamente. Entre as crianças que responderam ao tratamento com LCM, houve uma maior prevalência do sexo masculino, o uso de um menor número de medicações anticrise associadas e o uso de bloqueadores dos canais de sódio. CONCLUSõES: A LCM deve ser considerada uma opção de tratamento precoce em pacientes pediátricos com epilepsia refratária, principalmente aqueles que apresentam crises focais.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants , Drug Resistant Epilepsy , Adult , Male , Adolescent , Humans , Child , Aged , Female , Lacosamide/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Drug Resistant Epilepsy/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Brazil , Acetamides/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Drug Therapy, Combination
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(11): 1090-1096, Nov. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429870

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Lacosamide (LCM) is a third-generation anti-seizure drug approved in Europe and the United States, either as a monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, to treat partial-onset seizures in adults, adolescents, and children. In Brazil, LCM is licensed for treatment only in patients older than 16 years of age. Objective To evaluate a cohort of children presenting with refractory epilepsy who received LCM as an add-on therapy and observe the response and tolerability to the LCM treatment. Methods A retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary health care facility, which included 26 children, aged up to 16 years, who presented with refractory epilepsy and received LCM as an add-on treatment. The follow-up visits were scheduled every 3 months until 9 months of treatment with LCM. Results After 3 months of LCM administration, in 73.1% of the children, there was a reduction of > 50% in the frequency of seizures, and this clinical improvement was maintained in most patients (73.9%) for the following 9 months. Mild (such as, somnolence and behavioral changes) or severe (seizure worsening) adverse effects were observed in two and three children respectively. Among responders to LCM, there was a higher prevalence of males, fewer concomitant anti-seizure drugs, and lower percentage of patients using sodium channel blockers. Conclusions Lacosamide should be considered as an early treatment option in pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy, mainly focal seizures.


Resumo Antecedentes Lacosamida (LCM) é um fármaco anticrise de terceira geração aprovado na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, utilizado como monoterapia ou terapia adjuvante para tratar crises epilépticas focais em adultos, adolescentes e crianças. No Brasil, a LCM só é aprovada para tratamento em pacientes com mais de 16 anos de idade. Objetivo Avaliar uma coorte de crianças com epilepsia refratária que receberam LCM como terapia adjuvante e observar a resposta e tolerabilidade ao tratamento. Métodos Um estudo de coorte retrospectivo conduzido em uma unidade terciária de saúde, que incluiu 26 crianças de até 16 anos de idade que apresentavam epilepsia refratária e receberam um tratamento complementar com LCM. As visitas de acompanhamento foram agendadas a cada 3 meses, até 9 meses de tratamento com LCM. Resultados Após 3 meses de administração de LCM, em 73,1% das crianças, a frequência das crises teve uma redução maior do que 50%, e essa melhora clínica foi mantida na maioria dos pacientes (73,9%) pelos 9 meses seguintes. Efeitos adversos leves (como, sonolência e alterações comportamentais) ou graves (agravamento das crises) foram observados em duas e três crianças, respectivamente. Entre as crianças que responderam ao tratamento com LCM, houve uma maior prevalência do sexo masculino, o uso de um menor número de medicações anticrise associadas e o uso de bloqueadores dos canais de sódio. Conclusões A LCM deve ser considerada uma opção de tratamento precoce em pacientes pediátricos com epilepsia refratária, principalmente aqueles que apresentam crises focais.

5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 79(9): 848-850, Sept. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345338

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Faustino Monteiro Esposel was a renowned neurologist from Rio de Janeiro, born on October 24, 1888. Together with his mentor, Professor Antônio Austregésilo Rodrigues Lima - the founder of modern Brazilian Neurology -, Professor Esposel described one of the rival signs of the Babinski sign, known as the Austregésilo-Esposel sign, in a study published in the renowned journal L'Encéphale in 1912. This article aims to summarize the life story of this illustrious neurologist as well as to highlight his achievements "beyond medicine".


RESUMO Faustino Monteiro Esposel foi um renomado neurologista do Rio de Janeiro, nascido em 24 de outubro de 1888. Junto de seu mentor, o Professor Antônio Austregésilo Rodrigues Lima, considerado o pai da Neurologia brasileira moderna, descreveu um dos sinais sucedâneos do sinal de Babinski, conhecido como sinal de Austregésilo-Esposel, publicado no renomado periódico L'Encéphale em 1912. Este artigo tem como objetivo trazer a história deste ilustre neurologista, destacando também seus feitos "além da medicina".


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Football , Neurology , Spiritualism , Brazil , Neurologists
6.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 79(9): 848-850, 2021 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34133502

ABSTRACT

Faustino Monteiro Esposel was a renowned neurologist from Rio de Janeiro, born on October 24, 1888. Together with his mentor, Professor Antônio Austregésilo Rodrigues Lima - the founder of modern Brazilian Neurology -, Professor Esposel described one of the rival signs of the Babinski sign, known as the Austregésilo-Esposel sign, in a study published in the renowned journal L'Encéphale in 1912. This article aims to summarize the life story of this illustrious neurologist as well as to highlight his achievements "beyond medicine".


Subject(s)
Football , Neurology , Brazil , History, 20th Century , Humans , Neurologists , Spiritualism
7.
Front Neurosci ; 13: 5, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30760973

ABSTRACT

The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a modality of treatment used since the 1920s as a treatment for intractable epilepsy. It has been proposed as a dietary treatment that would produce similar benefits to fasting, which is already recorded in the Hippocratic collection. The KD has a high fat content (90%) and low protein and carbohydrate. Evidence shows that KD and its variants are a good alternative for non-surgical pharmacoresistant patients with epilepsy of any age, taking into account that the type of diet should be designed individually and that less-restrictive and more-palatable diets are usually better options for adults and adolescents. This review discusses the KD, including the possible mechanisms of action, applicability, side effects, and evidence for its efficacy, and for the more-palatable diets such as the Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) and the Low Glycemic Index Diet (LGID) in children and adults.

10.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 64(2B): 520-2, 2006 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16917631

ABSTRACT

This article describes a 76 year old man that, after lung cancer surgery, showed left extrinsic oculomotor paralysis and contralateral paralysis of the superior rectus muscle associated with bilateral ptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a rare situation characterized by an isolated metastasis in the region of the left third cranial nerve nucleus, probably compromising the superior rectus subnucleus and the central caudal nucleus, therefore justifying the bilateral oculomotor involvement.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/secondary , Lung Neoplasms , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/diagnosis , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/surgery , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/surgery
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(2b): 520-522, jun. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-433301

ABSTRACT

O presente relato descreve um homem de 76 anos que, após cirurgia de câncer de pulmão apresentou paralisia oculomotora extrínseca à esquerda e paralisia contralateral do músculo reto superior, além de ptose palpebral bilateral. O exame de ressonância magnética evidenciou uma rara situação caracterizada por metástase isolada na região do núcleo do terceiro nervo craniano esquerdo provavelmente comprometendo o sub-núcleo do reto superior e o núcleo central caudal, justificando assim o envolvimento óculo motor bilateral.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/secondary , Lung Neoplasms , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/diagnosis , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/surgery , Fatal Outcome , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/surgery
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