ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of individual circadian preferences of drivers with fixed night work schedules on sleep patterns. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 123 professional drivers, 32 indifferent preference drivers and 91 morning preference drivers of an intermunicipality and interstate bus transportation company were evaluated. All drivers underwent polysomnographic recordings after their shifts. Furthermore, they filled out a questionnaire that contained sociodemographic and health questions. The Horne and Östberg questionnaire was used to assess the subjects' morningness-eveningness preference. RESULTS: The mean age was 42.54 ± 6.98 years and 82 (66.66%) of the drivers had worked for ≥15 years. A significant effect on rapid eye movement (REM) was observed in the morning preference drivers. They showed an increased sleep latency and an REM sleep percentage of 5% of the total REM time. This reveals a significant effect on sleep architecture associated with work time. CONCLUSION: The drivers reported that morning preference had a significant effect on their sleep pattern indicating less REM sleep and longer REM sleep latency in the morning preference group. Thus, it is important to evaluate interactions between individual aspects of health and other parameters, such as sleep quality and work organizational factors, to promote night shift workers' health and well-being.
Subject(s)
Automobile Driving/psychology , Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Sleep/physiology , Transportation , Wakefulness/physiology , Work Schedule Tolerance/psychology , Adult , Cohort Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Preference , Polysomnography , Work Schedule Tolerance/physiologyABSTRACT
The literature widely recognizes that shift workers have more health complaints than the general population. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of sleep complaints and verify the polysomnographic (PSG) variables of shift workers in two Brazilian nuclear power plants. We carried out a subjective evaluation with a sleep questionnaire. Based on these results, the interviewees that reported sleep-related complaints were referred for polysomnographic evaluation. Of the 327 volunteers initially evaluated by the sleep questionnaire, 113 (35%) reported sleep complaints; they were significantly older, had higher body mass index (BMI), and worked more years on shifts than those without sleep complaints. Of these 113, 90 met criteria for various sleep disorders: 30 (9%) showed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 18 (5.5%) showed limb movement, and 42 (13%) evidenced both sleep problems and had a significantly higher proportion of sleep stage 1 and arousals compared with the 23 shift workers that had no indices of sleep problems. The present study found that 90 (27.5%) of the evaluated participants met the PSG criteria of some type of clinical sleep disorder. This high proportion should be investigated for associations with other aspects of work, such as working hours, working schedule, years performing shift work, and access to health services. Due to the strong association between sleep disorders and the incidence of fatigue and sleepiness, the evaluation of the sleep patterns and complaints of shift workers is essential and should be considered to be one of the basic strategies of industry to prevent accidents.
Subject(s)
Polysomnography , Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/diagnosis , Work Schedule Tolerance , Adult , Brazil , Humans , Middle Aged , Power Plants , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Controlled-release lithium formulations were developed to minimize elevated blood peaks, related to side-effects and intoxications. However, there is little information about the bioavailability of the only controlled-release lithium formulation available in Brazil. The objective of this study was to compare the bioavailability of controlled-release and immediate-release lithium formulations, after single and multiple doses. METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers received 900 mg of immediate-release or controlled-release lithium carbonate in single or multiple doses during 9 days. After single dose administration, the following parameters were analyzed for each formulation: maximum lithium concentration (Cmax); time to reach Cmax (t max); area under the curve of serum concentration versus time (AUC0-12 and AUC0-Ñ) and the elimination half-life (t1/2 elim.). After multiple doses, Cmax; t max; AUC0-12; mean (Cmean) and minimum drug concentration (Cmin) and degree of fluctuation (DF) were analyzed. A 90 percent confidence interval (90 percentCI) for the ratio between the AUCs for each formulation was constructed. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: Following single dose, the two formulations were bioequivalent; however, they were not after multiple doses. This fact could be a consequence of methodological limitations of lithium level's measurements since, following single dose, these levels could not be detected at time periods 24 and 48h in many volunteers, compromising the calculation of t1/2 elim ,and consequently of the AUC0-Ñ and the 90 percentCI to the ratio of these areas. Therefore, the bioequivalence found after single dose may be an unreliable result
ABSTRACT
A síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM) é caracterizada pela presença cíclica de uma combinaçäo de sintomas afetivos, comportamentais e somáticos. Atualmente, a SPM aparece no apêndice A do DSM-III-R como proposta de uma nova categoria diagnóstica, sob a denominaçäo de transtorno disfórico da fase lútea tardia. O tema é revisado ampla e criticamente, incluindo a evoluçäo dos critérios diagnósticos, instrumentos de avaliaçäo, dados de prevalência e co-morbidade psiquiátrica. A proposta de se considerar a SPM como uma categoria diagnóstica distinta é discutida com formulaçäo de sugestöes alternativas
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anxiety , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) , Luteal Phase , Premenstrual Syndrome , Menstruation DisturbancesABSTRACT
A sindrome pre menstrual (SPM) e caracterizada pela presenca ciclica de uma combinacao de sintomas afetivos, comportamentais e somaticos. Atualmente, a SPM aparece no apendice A do DSM-III-R como proposta de uma nova categoria diagnostica, sob a denominacao de transtorno disforico da fase lutea tardia. O tema e revisado ampla e criticamente, incluindo a evolucao dos criterios diagnosticos, instrumentos de avaliacao, dados de prevalencia e co-morbidade psiquiatrica. A proposta de se considerar a SPM como uma categoria diagnostica distinta e discutida com formulacao de sugestoes alternativas.
Subject(s)
Premenstrual Syndrome , Anxiety , Psychiatry , Menstrual Cycle , Premenstrual Syndrome , Anxiety , Psychiatry , Menstrual CycleABSTRACT
Foram estudados os hábitos alcoólicos de uma amostra, de 3.114 estudantes de primeiro grau, de baixa renda, com idade variando entre nove e 18 anos. O levantamento realizado mostrou que 27% säo näo-bebedores, 54% bebedores experimentais, 14% bebedores regulares moderados e 5% bebedores regulares excessivos. Os bebedores regulares excessivos relataram uma maior proporçäo de bebedores pesados nas suas famílias do que os outros estudantes. Foram encontrados diferenças de hábitos alcoólicos nas diversas faixas etárias e nos dois sexos. Os estudantes do sexo masculino, assim como os mais velhos, apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de bebedores, com exceçäo dos bebedores regulares excessivos, onde näo foi encontrada diferença para faixa etária. Este dado (mesma proporçäo de bebedores regulares excessivos em todas as faixas etárias) foi discutido levando-se em conta que a alta taxa de evasäo escolar no Brasil pode estar introduzindo um viés nas porcentagens encontradas nos grupos de estudantes mais velhos
Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Alcohol Drinking , BrazilABSTRACT
Foram estudados os habitos alcoolicos de uma amostra de 3.114 estudantes de primeiro grau, de baixa renda, com idade variando entre nove e 18 anos. O levantamento realizado mostrou que 27 por cento sao nao-bebedores, 54 por cento bebedores experimentais, 14 por cento bebedores regulares moderados e 5 por cento bebedores regulares excessivos. Os bebedores regulares excessivos relataram uma maior proporcao de bebedores pesados nas suas familias do que os outros estudantes. Foram encontradas diferencas de habitos alcoolicos nas diversas faixas etarias e nos dois sexos. Os estudantes do sexo masculino, assim como os mais velhos, apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de bebedores, com excecao dos bebedores regulares excessivos, onde nao foi encontrada diferenca para faixa etaria. Este dado (mesma proporcao de bebedores regulares excessivos em todas as faixas etarias) foi discutido levando-se em conta que a alta taxa de evasao escolar no Brasil pode estar introduzindo um vies nas porcentagens encontradas nos grupos de estudantes mais velhos.
