Cognitive Restructuring during Depressive Symptoms: A Scoping Review.

Cognitive restructuring (CR) aims to get people to challenge and modify their cognitive distortions, generating alternative, more adaptive thoughts. Behavioral, emotional, and physiological responses are modified by analyzing and changing dysfunctional thoughts. The person must have the cognitive capacity to participate in the analysis of their thoughts. CR for people with depression has positive effects, although there is little research on how it should be structured and applied. CR is a thought modification technique presented in the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), but is not organized in a sequential approach, and there is no procedure for applying it in practice. This scoping review aims to identify the structure, contents and assessment instruments used in CR for people with depressive symptoms and to analyze the health outcomes of applying the CR technique in this population. Out of 515 articles, seven studies were included in the review, up to 2021 and without any time limitation. The studies were not guided by a consistent and sound framework of the CR technique and each study used its own framework, although they used similar techniques. We grouped CR into six steps. No specific studies were found regarding intervention by nurses. CR is effective in reducing depressive symptoms, so it is an important therapeutic tool that should be used on people with depression. With this scoping review, mental health nurses will have a more comprehensive idea of the techniques that can be used in the application of CR to patients with depressive symptoms.

Design of a nursing psychoeducation program to reduce preoperative anxiety in adults.

Introduction: Preoperative anxiety, with its multifactorial origins, affects a wide range of surgical patients, leading to adverse physiological and psychological effects in the perioperative period. Customized, autonomous nursing interventions are needed to address individual person needs. The shift toward outpatient surgery emphasizes the need for restructured nursing approaches. Existing literature suggests that preoperative nursing consultations offer opportunities for assessing needs, providing information, and prescribing anxiety-reduction strategies. Psychoeducation, a specialized skill within mental health and psychiatric nursing, has proven effective in alleviating preoperative anxiety and reducing postoperative complications. The aim is to obtain and analyze the information reflecting nurses' understanding of the design, structure, and operationalization of a psychoeducation program to reduce preoperative anxiety in adults. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected through a 90-min focus group session held online via Zoom Meetings videoconferencing platform. Inclusion criteria for the participant's selection were established. The focus group was guided to deliberate on potential strategies for crafting effective psychoeducational interventions. Data collection ceased upon reaching theoretical saturation and gathered information was submitted for content analysis. Ethical procedures were ensured. Results: Of the participants, 10 were specialist nurses (7 working in mental health and psychiatric nursing and the remaining in medical-surgical nursing), with an average age of 41 and an average of 15 years working in surgical services. The nurses selected the target population, the structure and content of the psychoeducation sessions, and the resources and addressed the perceived importance, effectiveness, and feasibility of the designed psychoeducation program. Discussion: The study revealed the nurses' understanding of the design of a psychoeducation program potentially effective in reducing preoperative anxiety in adults, in an outpatient surgery context. This result will allow the transfer of the produced knowledge to nurses' professional practice reflecting lower levels of anxiety and promoting a better surgical recovery. This is an unprecedented study conducted in Portugal, adding substantial knowledge to the nursing discipline. However, further research into implementing psychoeducation in a surgical context is suggested aiming to consolidate the results of research already carried out internationally.

Antileishmanial and Antifungal Activities of Volatile Oils from Cinnamomum cassia Bark and Schinus molle Leaves.

This study reports on the chemical composition and antileishmanial and anticandidal activities of volatile oils of Schinus molle dried leaves (SM), Cinnamomum cassia branch bark (CC) and their blends. Major constituents of SM were spathulenol (26.93%), ß-caryophyllene (19.90%), and caryophyllene oxide (12.69%), whereas (E)-cinnamaldehyde (60.11%), cinnamyl acetate (20.90%) and cis-2-methoxycinnamic acid (10.37%) were predominant in CC. SM (IC50 = 21.45 µg/mL) and CC (IC50 = 23.27 µg/mL) displayed good activity against L. amazonensis promastigotes, besides having good or moderate activity against nine Candida strains, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from 31.25 to 250 µg/mL. While the three SM and CC blends were not more active than the EOs tested individually, they exhibited remarkably high antileishmanial activity, with IC50 values ranging between 3.12 and 7.04 µg/mL, which is very similar to the IC50 of amphotericin B (positive control).

Nurses' perception of the impact of professional development sessions on their pre-hospital clinical practice with trauma victims.

Background: Continuing education is important for the quality of clinical practice because it complements it and focuses primarily on producing qualified pre-hospital nurses with operationally defined competence in nursing standards. The objective of this study was to assess pre-hospital nurses' opinion of the impact of professional development sessions on their clinical practice. Method: A descriptive and quantitative study was carried out involving Portuguese pre-hospital nurses. Six professional development sessions were presented in 2020 to pre-hospital registered nurses in four of Portugal's main cities. To collect the data, at the end of each session, we apply a questionnaire designed specifically for this study. This data collection instrument consists of 11 questions, six designed to evaluate the session and five designed to evaluate the trainer responsible for the session. A five-point Likert scale was used for each question, where 1 corresponds to very dissatisfied and 5 to extremely satisfied. Results: Two hundred and two nurses, which represents 55% of all Portuguese pre-hospital nurses, took part in the assessment of the professional development sessions. The nurses were from the Northern region of Portugal (51%; n = 102), the Centre region (29%; n = 59) and the Southern region of Portugal (20%; n = 41). Nurses found the session extremely satisfactory. All the assessment scores ranged between 4.4 and 4.7 points, on a scale of 1 to 5. 76.2% of the participants considered that the knowledge acquired could have a major impact [score = 5] on their future clinical practice. The majority of pre-hospital nurses (96.5%) felt that the session could have a major impact [score = 5; 76.2%, n = 154] or a very important impact [score = 4; 20.3%, n = 41] on their clinical practice. Conclusion: The professional development sessions provide pre-hospital nurses with the latest research findings and the majority of nurses considered that the training had a huge impact on their clinical practice. However, it is important that future research aims to explore the cause-effect relationship between training and improved clinical practice.

Paracoccidioides spp.: the structural characterization of extracellular matrix, expression of glucan synthesis and associated genes and adhesins during biofilm formation.

The genus Paracoccidioides includes Paracoccidioides lutzii and the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex, which comprises four phylogenetic species. A key feature distinguishing planktonic growth from biofilm is the presence of a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed biofilm formation in different species of Paracoccidioides yeast phase, characterized the structural elements of the matrix of P. brasiliensis (Pb18), P. lutzii (Pl01 and 8334) and P. restrepiensis (339 and 192) and evaluated the expression of glucan genes, according to the stage of biofilm evolution for P. brasiliensis. The strains were cultivated in planktonic and biofilm form for 24-144 h. The fungi biomass and metabolic activity were determined by crystal violet and tetrazolium salt reduction (XTT) tests and colony-forming unit (CFU) by plating. The biofilm structure was designed using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques. The extracellular matrix of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii biofilms was extracted by sonication, and polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. The RNA was extracted with the Trizol® reagent and quantified; then, the cDNA was synthesized to analyze the enolase expression, 14-3-3, FKS1, AGS1, GEL3, and KRE6 genes by real-time PCR. All strains of Paracoccidioides studied form a biofilm with more significant metabolic activity and biomass values in 144 h. The extracellular matrix of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii had a higher content of polysaccharides in their composition, followed by proteins and eDNA in smaller quantities. The P. brasiliensis biofilm kinetics of formation showed greater expression of genes related to glucan's synthesis and its delivery to the external environment in addition adhesins during the biofilm's adhesion, initiation, and maturation. The GEL3 and enolase genes increased in expression within 24 h and during the biofilm maturation period, there was an increase in 14-3-3, AGS1, and FKS1. Furthermore, at 144 h, there was a decrease in KRE6 expression and an increase in GEL3. This study highlights the potential for biofilm formation for three species of Paracoccidioides and the main components of the extracellular matrix that can contribute to a better understanding of biofilm organization.

Exploring the Complexity of the Interaction between T. rubrum and S. aureus/S. epidermidis in the Formation of Polymicrobial Biofilms.

Dermatophytes associated with bacteria can lead to severe, difficult-to-treat infections and contribute to chronic infections. Trichophyton rubrum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis can form biofilms influenced by nutrient availability. This study investigated biofilm formation by these species by utilizing diverse culture media and different time points. These biofilms were studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), biomass, metabolic activity, and colony-forming units (CFUs). The results revealed that mixed biofilms exhibited high biomass and metabolic activity when cultivated in the brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. Both bacterial species formed mature biofilms with T. rubrum within 72 h, irrespective of media. The timing of bacterial inoculation was pivotal in influencing biomass and metabolic activity. T. rubrum's development within mixed biofilms depended on bacterial addition timing, while pre-adhesion influenced fungal growth. Bacterial communities prevailed initially, while fungi dominated later in the mixed biofilms. CLSM revealed 363 µm thick T. rubrum biofilms with septate, well-developed hyphae; S. aureus (177 µm) and S. epidermidis (178 µm) biofilms showed primarily cocci. Mixed biofilms matched T. rubrum's thickness when associated with S. epidermidis (369 µm), with few hyphae initially. Understanding T. rubrum and Staphylococcal interactions in biofilms advances antimicrobial resistance and disease progression knowledge.

Assessing the efficacy of gutiferone E in photodynamic therapy for oral candidiasis.

The rise in antifungal resistance and side effects of conventional treatments drive the search for innovative therapies like Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). This study explored the efficacy of PDT mediated by gutiferone, an isolated compound from red propolis, for candidiasis treatment. Multiple evaluation methods were employed, including determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) via broth microdilution, quantifying biomass using crystal violet detachment, and cell counting through total plate count. PDT mediated by gutiferone was also assessed in five groups of mice, followed by histopathological examination and agar plating of lingual tissue samples. Among the seven Candida species tested, gutiferone displayed efficacy against C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis, with MIC values of 1000 µg/mL. In C. tropicalis biofilms, exposure to gutiferone led to a reduction of 1.61 Log10 CFU/mL. PDT mediated by gutiferone achieved an average reduction of 3.68 Log10 CFU/mL in C. tropicalis biofilm cells, underscoring its potent fungicidal activity. Histopathological analysis revealed fungal structures, such as pseudohyphae and hyphae, in infected groups (G2) and irradiated mice. In contrast, groups treated with gutiferone or subjected to gutiferone-assisted PDT (G5) exhibited only few blastoconidia. Furthermore, CFU/mL assessments in lingual tissue post-treatment demonstrated a significantly lower count (0.30 Log10 CFU/mL) in the G5 group compared to G2 (2.43 Log10 CFU/mL). These findings highlight the potential of PDT mediated by gutiferone as a promising alternative for managing denture stomatitis. Future research and clinical investigations offer the promise of validating its clinical applicability and improving outcomes in the treatment of oral candidiasis.

In vitro activity of sanitizers against mono- and polymicrobial biofilms of C. parapsilosis and S. aureus.

The emergence of disinfectant-resistant microorganisms poses a significant threat to public health. These resilient pathogens can survive and thrive in hospital settings despite routine disinfection practices, leading to persistent infections and the potential for outbreaks. In this study, we investigated the impact of 11 different commercial sanitizers at various concentrations and exposure times on biofilms consisting of clinical and nosocomial environmental isolates of Candida parapsilosis and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the sanitizers tested, 0.5% and 2.0% chlorhexidine (CLX), 10% polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP-I), a disinfectant based on quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), 2% glutaraldehyde, and 0.55% orthophthalaldehyde (OPA) demonstrated efficacy against both C. parapsilosis and S. aureus in monospecies and mixed biofilms. Analysis showed that 0.5% CLX and 10% PVP-I had fungicidal and bactericidal activity against all biofilms. However, the sanitizer based on QAC and 0.55% OPA proved to be bacteriostatic and fungicidal against both monospecies and mixed biofilms. In mixed biofilms, despite the last four sanitizers exerting fungicidal action, the reduction of fungal cells was approximately 4 log10 CFU/mL compared to monospecies biofilms, showing that the interaction provided more resistance of the yeast to the sanitizer. Formation of mixed biofilms in hospital settings can create an ecological niche that enhances the survival of pathogens against routine sanitization procedures. Therefore, effective sanitization practices, including regular cleaning with effective sanitizers, should be implemented to prevent C. parapsilosis/S. aureus biofilm formation in healthcare settings.

Importância das Jornadas Acadêmicas na formação profissional: Percepção dos estudantes Itaúna ­ MG, 2022 / Importance of Academic Journeys in professional training: Perception of students Itaúna ­ MG, 2022

A realização da jornada acadêmica contribui para a formação dos estudantes, já que são encontros anuais promovidos pelos alunos universitários com o objetivo de trazer temas emergentes, com intuito de promover a formação integral desses futuros profissionais. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a opinião dos alunos do curso de Odontologia acerca da 43° Jornada Acadêmica da Universidade de Itaúna. O evento foi desenvolvido na Universidade de Itaúna-MG. A Metodologia da pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários distribuídos no último dia do evento, o que propiciou a coleta de dados dos participantes, os quais manifestaram seus pontos de vista em relação à jornada acadêmica. Os dados foram tabulados em uma planilha do Excel e analisados utilizando-se as ferramentas estatísticas do software SPSS- Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, for Windows® versão 20.0. Foram geradas tabelas de frequência e análise descritiva das variáveis. Resultados mostraram que dos 231 participantes, 162 (70,1%) afirmaram que a programação da Jornada Acadêmica Odontológica atende a todos os períodos da graduação; 177 (76,6%) achou os temas abordados interessantes; 176 (76,2%) preferirem que palestras e cursos deveriam acontecer de forma simultânea; 194 (84%) acharam relevante a apresentação de banner durante o evento; 93 (40,3%) responderam que os três dias de Jornada Acadêmica são suficientes, não sendo necessário o acréscimo de dias e 132 (57,1%) que avaliaram como ótimo o evento. Concluiu-se que essa Jornada é importante para trazer novas experiências aos profissionais e atualizações do mercado de trabalho, ampliando conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes dentro da instituição.

The holding of the academic day contributes to the training of students, as they are annual meetings promoted by university students with the aim of bringing up emerging themes, with the aim of promoting the integral training of these future professionals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the opinion of students of the Dentistry course about the 43rd Academic Journey of the University of Itaúna. The event was held at the University of Itaúna-MG. The research methodology was carried out through questionnaires distributed on the last day of the event, which allowed the collection of data from the participants, who expressed their points of view in relation to the academic journey. Data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using the statistical tools of the SPSS- Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, for Windows® version 20.0. Frequency tables and descriptive analysis of the variables were generated. Results showed that of the 231 participants, 162 (70.1%) stated that the Academic Dental Journey schedule covers all graduation periods; 177 (76.6%) found the topics covered interesting; 176 (76.2%) preferred that lectures and courses should take place simultaneously; 194 (84%) thought the banner display during the event was relevant; 93 (40.3%) answered that the three days of the Academic Day are enough, not being necessary to add more days and 132 (57.1%) who evaluated the event as excellent. It was concluded that this Journey is important to bring new experiences to professionals and updates in the labor market, expanding knowledge, skills and attitudes within the institution.

Manifestações orais e Covid-19: Revisão Sistemática da literatura / Oral Manifestations and Covid-19: Systematic literature review

A doença COVID-19, que se tornou uma pandemia em pouco espaço de tempo, apresenta uma ameaça grave para a saúde global. As condições bucais de pacientes com COVID-19 foram analisadas em vários estudos. Diante disso, observou-se que diversas manifestações bucais foram encontradas nesses pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sistemática sobre as manifestações bucais que podem estar associadas à doença COVID-19. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Bireme, PubMed e SciELO, no período de 30 de abril de 2021 a 11 de maio de 2023. A busca utilizou os descritores "COVID-19", "coronavirus" e "oral manifestations". Foram utilizados como critério de inclusão a presença do artigo completo disponível na íntegra e publicado nos anos de 2020 a 2023 e excluídos aqueles que não relatavam alguma manifestação da COVID-19 ou que não abordavam formas de tratamento. Foram incluídos 19 artigos. As informações foram compiladas de forma a compreender a importância de se investigar as manifestações orais em decorrência dessa doença, devido a sua importância internacional dadas às suas circunstâncias devastadoras. Concluiu-se que é notável a importância da anamnese e o exame intraoral para diagnosticar as manifestações orais nos pacientes sob suspeita ou confirmados com a COVID-19, e o diagnóstico precoce das alterações é fundamental para assegurar um suporte adequado ao paciente acometido. Mais estudos são necessários para comprovar a associação direta entre a COVID-19 e as manifestações orais relatadas.

COVID-19, which has become a pandemic in a short time, poses a serious threat to global health. The oral conditions of patients with COVID-19 have been analyzed in several studies. Therefore, it was observed that several manifestations were found in these patients. The objective of the work is to carry out a systematic literature review on the oral manifestations that may be associated with the disease COVID-19. The research was carried out through a systematic review in the databases Bireme, PubMed and SciELO, from April 30, 2021 o May 11, 2023. The search using the descriptors "COVID-19", "coronavirus" and "Oral manifestations". Inclusion criteria were the presence of the full article available in full and published in 2020 and 2023. Articles that did not report any manifestation of COVID-19 or those that did not address forms of treatment were excluded. 19 articles were included. The information was compiled in order to understand the importance of investigating oral manifestations as a result of this disease, due to its international importance given to its devastating entities. It was concluded that the importance of anamnesis and intraoral examination for the diagnosis of oral manifestations in patients suspected or confirmed with COVID-19 is remarkable, and the early diagnosis of alterations is essential to ensure adequate support for the affected patient. Further studies are needed to prove the direct association between COVID-19 and the reported oral manifestations.

Saúde mental dos jovens do ensino secundário da ilha da madeira: fatores de vulnerabilidade e proteção / Mental health of the young people of the madeira island secondary school: vulnerability factos and protective / Salud mental de los jóvenes de la escuela secundaria de la isla de madeira: factores de vulnerabilidade y protección

Resumo Introdução: Estudo centra-se no conhecimento da literacia e da saúde mental positiva, em jovens do ensino secundário. Objetivos: Identificar os fatores de vulnerabilidade e proteção de jovens do ensino secundário na ilha da Madeira. Metodologia: Investigação quantitativa, descritiva. Estudo piloto realizado na ilha da Madeira, com estudantes do ensino secundário (n=1948), idades entre 15-18 anos, mediante consentimento informado dos participantes e encarregados de educação. Colheita dados: "Questionário de Literacia e Saúde Mental Positiva", versão Estudantes do Ensino Secundário (QSM+VEESec) (Ribeiro, Sequeira, Ferreira, Carvalho e Pires, 2018). Aplicação online entre março/junho 2021. Resultados: Os resultados mostram relevância entre fatores de vulnerabilidade e proteção na saúde mental. Verificou-se que 9,9% dos estudantes referiu ter alguns problemas de saúde mental; 9,3% recorreu a algum serviço de saúde devido a problema saúde mental; 29,7% referiu ter tido ou ter algum acompanhamento psiquiátrico. Dos fatores vulnerabilidade salienta-se: 42,4% não está satisfeito com seu sono; 46,1% considera não dormir horas suficientes para suas necessidades; 4,5% e 4,8%, respetivamente toma medicação regular para dormir e para algum problema saúde mental; 48,6% não pratica exercício físico regular. Dos possíveis fatores protetores, verifica-se que apresentam fracos indicadores, nomeadamente: 78,2% não participa em atividades recreativas; 43,7% não está satisfeito com sua relação afetiva e consomem substâncias (bebidas alcoólicas: 26,4% e drogas mais de três vezes por semana 3,4%). Conclusão: Os jovens apresentam problemas de saúde mental: ansiedade, depressão, consumos álcool, substâncias ilícitas. Destaca-se a falta de interação social, a ausência de participação em atividades recreativas e insatisfação nos relacionamentos afetivos.

Abstract Introduction: Study focuses on the knowledge of literacy and positive mental health, in secondary school youth. Objectives: Identify the vulnerabitity and protective and vulnerability of secondary school students on the Island of Madeira. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive research. A pilot study conducted on the island of Madeira, with secondary school students (n=1948), aged between 15-18 years, with the informed consent of the participants and parents. Data collection: "Literacy and Positive Mental Health Questionnaire", version Secondary School Students (QSM+VEESec) (Ribeiro, Sequeira, Ferreira, Carvalho and Pires, 2018). Online application between March/June 2021. Results: The results show relevance between vulnerability and protective factors in mental health. It was found that 9.9% of the students reported having some mental health problems 9.3% resorted to some health service due to mental health problem; 9.3% resorted to some health service due to mental health problem; 29.7% reported having had or had some psychiatric follow-up. Of the vulnerability factors, the following stand out: 42.4% are not satisfied with their sleep; 46.1% consider not getting enough sleep for their needs; 4.5% and 4.8%, respectively, take regular medication for sleep and for some mental health problem; 48.6% do not practice regular physical exercise. Of the possible protective factors, it is verified that they present weak indicators, namely: 78.2% do not participate in recreational activities; 43.7% are not satisfied with their affective relationship and consume substances (alcoholic beverages: 26.4% and drugs more than three times a week 3.4%). Conclusion: Young people have mental health problems: anxiety and depression, alcohol consumption and illicit substances. The lack of social interaction, the absence of participation in recreational activities and dissatisfaction in affective relationships stand out.

Resumen Introducción: El estudio se centra en el conocimiento de la alfabetización y la salud mental positiva en jóvenes de secundaria. Objetivos: Identificar los factores de vulnerabilidad y protección de los estudiantes de secundaria en la Isla de Madeira. Metodología: Investigación cuantitativa y descriptiva. Estudio piloto realizado en la isla de Madeira, con estudiantes de secundaria (n=1948), con edades comprendidas entre 15-18 años, con el consentimiento informado de los participantes y padres. Recolección de datos: "Cuestionario de alfabetización y salud mental positiva", versión Estudiantes de secundaria (QSM + VEESec) (Ribeiro, Sequeira, Ferreira, Carvalho y Pires, 2018). Solicitud en línea entre marzo/junio de 2021. Resultados: Los resultados muestran relevancia entre la vulnerabilidad y los factores protectores en salud mental. Se encontró que 9,9% de los estudiantes refirieron tener algún problema de salud mental; 9,3% recurrieron a algún servicio de salud debido a problemas de salud mental; 29,7% refirieron haber tenido o tenido algún seguimiento psiquiátrico. De los factores de vulnerabilidad, se destacan: 42,4% no están satisfechos con su sueño; El 46,1% considera que no duerme lo suficiente para sus necesidades; 4,5% y 4,8%, respectivamente, toman medicamentos regulares para dormir y para algún problema de salud mental; El 48,6% no practica ejercicio físico regular. De los posibles factores protectores, se verifica que presentan indicadores débiles, a saber: 78,2% no participan en actividades recreativas; 43,7% no están satisfechos con su relación afectiva y consumen sustancias (bebidas alcohólicas: 26,4% y drogas más de tres veces a la semana 3,4%). Conclusión: Los jóvenes tienen problemas de salud mental: ansiedad y depresión, consumo de alcohol y sustancias ilícitas. Se destacan la falta de interacción social, la ausencia de participación en actividades recreativas y la insatisfacción en las relaciones afectivas.

A competência emocional dos enfermeiros na prestação de cuidados à pessoa com doença mental / The emotional competence of nurses in providing care to people with mental illness

Introdução: As emoções ocupam um papel fundamental e determinante no desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional dos enfermeiros, assim como na prestação de cuidados que realizam. Objetivos: Conhecer as variáveis sociodemográficas que caraterizam a população em estudo e quais as correlações existentes entre a competência emocional e as suas dimensões. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido num hospital psiquiátrico da Região Norte de Portugal. Para recolha de informação foi utilizada: Escala Veiga da Competência Emocional. A colheita de dados foi realizada durante o mês de dezembro 2021. Foram cumpridos os pressupostos da Comissão de Ética de acordo com Declaração Helsínquia. A população em estudo foi constituída por 40 enfermeiros, sendo os critérios de inclusão: enfermeiros em situação laboral ativa no cuidado à pessoa com doença mental internada. Resultados: Verificou-se que na sua maioria os participantes eram do sexo feminino (58,76%), com idades compreendidas entre 26-55 anos. Quanto às habilitações académicas, a maioria dos participantes (53,4%) apresentava licenciatura, sendo que 38,9% apresentava a especialidade. Relativamente ao grau de importância, atribuído às questões situação profissional, foi considerado numa escala de Likert: 1 “sem importância”, 5 “muito importante”, como sendo, muito importante “relação interpessoal com os outros”, “estabilidade emocional na relação com os outros” e “estabilidade emocional na prestação de cuidados”, 79% (n=31). Conclusão: Verificou-se correlações entre as variáveis sexo/habilitações académicas. No sexo feminino, foi possível verificar que este perceciona-se, “frequentemente”, empático na prestação de cuidados. Enfermeiros com título especialista também se percecionam como profissionais empáticos, quando comparados com enfermeiros de cuidados gerais. (AU)

Introduction: Emotions play a fundamental and decisive role in the personal and professional development of nurses and the provision of care. Objectives: To explore the sociodemographic variables that characterize the sample under study and the correlations between emotional competence and its dimensions. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory study, quantitative approach, developed in a psychiatric hospital in the Northern Region of Portugal. The collection of information was performed using the Veiga Scale of Emotional Competence. Data collection was carried out in December 2021. The Ethics Committee followed the Helsinki Declaration guidelines. The sample consisted of 40 nurses, and the inclusion criteria were: nurses working with hospitalized people with mental illness. Results: Most participants were female (58.76%), aged between 26 and 55. Regarding academic qualifications, most participants (53.4%) had a degree, and 38.9% had a speciality. Concerning the degree of importance attributed to the professional situation issues, a Likert scale was used: 1 «unimportant», 5 «very important», as being very important, «interpersonal relationship with others», «emotional stability in the relationship with others» and «emotional stability in care delivery», 79% (n=31). Conclusion: Correlations were found between gender and academic qualifications. It was possible to verify that women nurses “often” perceive themselves as empathetic in the provision of care. Nurses with a specialist title also perceive themselves as empathetic professionals compared to general care nurses. (AU)

Potential in vitro anti-periodontopathogenic, anti-Chikungunya activities and in vivo toxicity of Brazilian red propolis.

Bacterial and viral infections are serious public health issue. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antiviral potential of the Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) crude hydroalcoholic extract, fractions, and isolated compounds, as well as their in vivo toxicity. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and the antibiofilm activity by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB50). The viable bacteria count (Log10 UFC/mL) was also obtained. The antiviral assays were performed by infecting BHK-21 cells with Chikungunya (CHIKV) nanoluc. The toxicity of the BRP was evaluated in the Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. The MIC values for the crude hydroalcoholic extract sample ranged from 3.12 to 100 µg/mL, while fractions and isolated compounds the MIC values ranged from 1.56 to 400 µg/mL.The BRP crude hydroalcoholic extract, oblongifolin B, and gutiferone E presented MICB50 values ranging from 1.56 to 100 µg/mL against monospecies and multispecies biofilms. Neovestitol and vestitol inhibited CHIKV infection by 93.5 and 96.7%, respectively. The tests to evaluate toxicity in C. elegans demonstrated that the BRP was not toxic below the concentrations 750 µg/mL. The results constitute an alternative approach for treating various infectious diseases.

Sporotrichosis: A Review of a Neglected Disease in the Last 50 Years in Brazil.

Sporotrichosis is caused by fungi belonging to the genus Sporothrix, which saprophytically are found in plants and organic matter. However, cats are highly susceptible to contamination with fungal spores and, when they become sick, they can transmit it to other animals and to man. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic review on the emergency, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, therapeutics, and control of zoonotic sporotrichosis. Published data covering the last 50 years using a combination of keywords were selected to answer the question: Why has the zoonotic sporotrichosis been a neglected disease up to now? A total of 135 studies were included in this review. The studies emphasize that in recent decades, Brazil has experienced an unprecedented zoonotic outbreak of sporotrichosis. Advances on the genus Sporothrix allowed one to associate thermotolerance, capacity for melanin synthesis, potential for adhesion to tissue macromolecules, ergosterol peroxide production, and expression of virulence proteins as tools for infection and invasion in S. brasiliensis, the main species involved, although cases with S. schenckii or S. lurei were also reported. Correct diagnosis, early treatment, basic educational measures that emphasize responsible ownership of animals and reproductive control programs for felines can contribute to the control of zoonosis.

Combining Essential Oils with Each Other and with Clotrimazole Prevents the Formation of Candida Biofilms and Eradicates Mature Biofilms.

Fungal infections by Candida spp. are opportunistic and most often occur in individuals with some predisposing factor. Essential oils (EO) have anti-Candida potential, being a therapeutic alternative to be explored, especially for superficial and mucosal candidiasis. The objective was to analyze the synergistic potential between the EO of Citrus limon, Cupressus sempervirens, Litsea cubeba and Melaleuca alternifolia, and each of them with clotrimazole, to inhibit in vitro the formation and eradication of Candida spp. biofilms. Added to this, the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans was evaluated after exposure to EO, clotrimazole and their synergistic combinations. Anti-Candida activity was determined by microdilution for the substances alone and in EO−EO and EO−clotrimazole combinations. The combinations were performed by the checkerboard method, and the reduction in the metabolic activity of biofilms was determined by the viability of MTT/menadione. C. elegans larvae survival was evaluated after 24 h of exposure to EO, clotrimazole and synergistic combinations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EO ranged from 500 to >4000 µg/mL. The lowest MIC (500 µg/mL) was for C. sempervirens and L. cubeba on a C. krusei isolate; for clotrimazole, the MIC ranged from 0.015 to 0.5 µg/mL. Biofilm inhibition and eradication both ranged from 1000 to >4000 µg/mL. The lethal concentration (LC50) of C. limon, L. cubeba and M. alternifolia was 2000 µg/mL for C. elegans, while for C. sempervirens and clotrimazole, it was not determined within the concentration limits tested. In combination, more than 85% of the larvae survived M. alternifolia−clotrimazole, M. alternifolia−L. cubeba, C. sempervirens−clotrimazole and C. sempervirens−C. limon combinations. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to present a synergistic relationship of EO−EO and EO−clotrimazole combinations on Candida spp. biofilms.

Ozonated oil is effective at killing Candida species and Streptococcus mutans biofilm-derived cells under aerobic and microaerobic conditions.

This study explores the growth of bacterial, fungal, and interkingdom biofilms under aerobiosis or microaerobic conditions and the effect of ozonated sunflower oil on these biofilms. Candida species and Streptococcus mutans were used to study this interaction due to their importance in oral health and disease as these microorganisms display a synergistic relationship that manifests in the onset of caries and tooth decay. Biofilms were developed in a 96-well microtiter plate at 37ºC for 24 h, under aerobiosis or microaerobic conditions, and treated with ozonated oil for 5 to 120 min. All the microorganisms formed biofilms in both oxygenation conditions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize biofilm morphology. Rodent experiments were performed to verify the oil-related toxicity and its efficacy in oral candidiasis. The growth of all Candida species was increased when co-cultured with S. mutans, whilst the growth of bacterium was greater only when co-cultured with C. krusei and C. orthopsilosis under aerobiosis and microaerobic conditions, respectively. Regardless of the oxygenation condition, ozonated oil significantly reduced the viability of all the tested biofilms and infected mice, showing remarkable microbicidal activity as corroborated with confocal microscopy and minimal toxicity. Thus, ozonated oil therapy can be explored as a strategy to control diseases associated with these biofilms especially in the oral cavity. LAY SUMMARY: We demonstrated that ozonated sunflower oil is effective at killing the biofilms formed by Candida species, by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans, or by both micoorganisms that can interact in the oral cavity, making it a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of these infections.

Leaf transcriptome profiling of contrasting sugarcane genotypes for drought tolerance under field conditions.

Drought is the most detrimental abiotic stress to sugarcane production. Nevertheless, transcriptomic analyses remain scarce for field-grown plants. Here we performed comparative transcriptional profiling of two contrasting sugarcane genotypes, 'IACSP97-7065' (drought-sensitive) and 'IACSP94-2094' (drought-tolerant) grown in a drought-prone environment. Physiological parameters and expression profiles were analyzed at 42 (May) and 117 (August) days after the last rainfall. The first sampling was done under mild drought (soil water potential of -60 kPa), while the second one was under severe drought (soil water potential of -75 kPa). Microarray analysis revealed a total of 622 differentially expressed genes in both sugarcane genotypes under mild and severe drought stress, uncovering about 250 exclusive transcripts to 'IACSP94-2094' involved in oxidoreductase activity, transcriptional regulation, metabolism of amino acids, and translation. Interestingly, the enhanced antioxidant system of 'IACSP94-2094' may protect photosystem II from oxidative damage, which partially ensures stable photochemical activity even after 117 days of water shortage. Moreover, the tolerant genotype shows a more extensive set of responsive transcription factors, promoting the fine-tuning of drought-related molecular pathways. These results help elucidate the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of a drought-tolerant sugarcane genotype to cope with ever-changing environments, including prolonged water deficit, and may be useful for plant breeding programs.

Gestão em enfermagem em contexto de psiquiatria: gestão do tempo no exercício das competências dos gestores / Nursing management in the context of psychiatry: time management in the exercise of managers competencies / La gestión de enfermería en el contexto de la psiquiatría: la gestión del tiempo en el ejercicio de las competencias de los gestores

Resumo Contexto: Gerir recursos humanos, atividades e processos administrativos, são desafios diários que se pretendem traduzir na qualidade assistencial aos utentes. As mudanças no paradigma de gestão nas unidades de saúde em Portugal determinam que os enfermeiros gestores de saúde mental e psiquiatria contribuam para a qualidade e produtividade dos serviços, o que torna imprescindível uma boa gestão do tempo. Objetivo: Compreender a distribuição do tempo pelas atividades dos cinco domínios de competências do enfermeiro gestor atendendo às suas características pessoais e aos contextos clínicos de saúde mental e psiquiatria. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado em unidades de saúde de assistência psiquiátrica portuguesas. Amostra não probabilística, intencional, de 48 enfermeiros gestores. Dados colhidos com questionário online e analisados com recurso a estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: O valor médio do tempo despendido na realização das atividades inerentes às competências Prática Profissional, Ética e Legal, Gestão de Cuidados e Gestão de Recursos Humanos situa-se acima de dois terços do total do score máximo. Nas competências Intervenção Política e Assessoria e Desenvolvimento Profissional situa-se em valores de média próximos de metade, ou seja, as que os gestores consideraram despender menos tempo. Gestão de Cuidados é a competência que, em média, os gestores consideraram despender mais tempo na concretização das atividades que a integram. Conclusão: Conclui-se uma assimetria na distribuição do tempo atribuído à execução das tarefas inerentes a cada uma das competências do gestor de enfermagem, nomeadamente na Prática Profissional Ética e Legal, Gestão de Recursos Humanos e Gestão de Cuidados.

Abstract Background: Managing human resources, activities and administrative processes, are daily challenges that are intended to translate in the quality of assistance to users. The changes in the management paradigm in health units in Portugal determine that nurses who manage mental health and psychiatry contribute to the quality and productivity of services, which makes good time management essential. Objective: To understand the distribution of time by the activities of the five areas of competencies of the nurse manager, taking into account their personal characteristics and the clinical contexts of mental health and psychiatry. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out in Portuguese psychiatric healthcare units. Intentional non-probabilistic sample of 48 nurse managers. Data collected with an online questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The average amount of time spent in carrying out the activities inherent to the Professional Practice, Ethics and Legal skills, Care Management and Human Resource Management is above two thirds of the total maximum score. In the Political Intervention and Advisory and Professional Development competencies, the average values are close to half, that is, those that the managers considered to spend less time. Care Management is the competence that, on average, managers considered spending more time in carrying out the activities that integrate it. Conclusions: It concludes an asymmetry in the distribution of the time allocated to the execution of the tasks inherent to each of the competencies of the nursing manager, namely in the Ethical and Legal Professional Practice, Human Resource Management and Care Management.

Resumen Contexto: La gestión de recursos humanos, actividades y procesos administrativos, son retos diarios que pretenden traducirse en la calidad de la atención a los usuarios. Los cambios en el paradigma de gestión en las unidades de salud en Portugal determinan que los enfermeros que gestionan la salud mental y la psiquiatría contribuyan a la calidad y productividad de los servicios, lo que hace imprescindible una buena gestión del tiempo. Objetivo: Comprender la distribución del tiempo por las actividades de las cinco áreas de competencia del enfermero gerente, teniendo en cuenta sus características personales y los contextos clínicos de salud mental y psiquiatría. Methodology: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, realizado en unidades de salud psiquiátrica portuguesas. Muestra intencional no probabilística de 48 gestoras. Datos recolectados con un cuestionario en línea y analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultado: El tiempo medio empleado en la realización de las actividades inherentes al Ejercicio Profesional, Ética y Competencias Jurídicas, Gestión de la Atención y Gestión de Recursos Humanos es superior a dos tercios de la puntuación máxima total. En las competencias Intervención Política y Asesoría y Desarrollo Profesional se encuentra en valores promedio cercanos a la mitad, es decir, aquellos que los gerentes consideraron dedicar menos tiempo. La Gestión del Cuidado es la competencia que, en promedio, los directivos consideraron dedicar más tiempo a la realización de las actividades que la integran. Conclusiones: Se concluye una asimetría en la distribución del tiempo destinado a la ejecución de tareas inherentes a las competencias del gerente de enfermería, concretamente en Práctica Profesional Ética y Jurídica, Gestión de Recursos Humanos y Gestión del Cuidado.