[Reversed halo sign as an unusual manifestation of cryptogenic organized pneumonia. Report of one case]. / Signo del halo invertido como manifestación inhabitual de neumonía organizada criptogénica. Reporte de un caso.

We report a 64 years old female admitted with fever, cough, dyspnea and lung opacities in the chest X ray. A chest tomography scan (CTS) showed multiple-bilateral ring-shaped opacities and the reversed halo sign (RHS). The patient did not improve with antimicrobial therapy (AT). Infection and rheumatologic causes were excluded, therefore Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) was suspected with compatible percutaneous biopsy. Systemic steroids were started with a good clinical response. The patient was discharged four weeks after admission in good general conditions and practically no lungs opacities.

Enfermedad quística adventicial de la arteria poplítea: presentación imagenológica de una causa rara de claudicación intermitente / Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery as a cause of intermittent claudication: not your usual suspect: report of one case

Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery is a rare condition of uncertain etiology, which presents as intermittent claudication of the lower extremity in middle-age patients. We report a 44-year-old man presenting with intermittent claudication of his left leg. MR angiography showed cystic parietal lesions that caused compression with partial occlusion of the left popliteal artery. Surgical resection of the affected segment was performed, with venous graft interposition. The histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen was consistent with cystic adventitial disease.

Signo del halo invertido como manifestación inhabitual de neumonía organizada criptogénica: reporte de un caso / Reversed halo sign as an unusual manifestation of cryptogenic organized pneumonia: report of one case

We report a 64 years old female admitted with fever, cough, dyspnea and lung opacities in the chest X ray. A chest tomography scan (CTS) showed multiple-bilateral ring-shaped opacities and the reversed halo sign (RHS). The patient did not improve with antimicrobial therapy (AT). Infection and rheumatologic causes were excluded, therefore Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) was suspected with compatible percutaneous biopsy. Systemic steroids were started with a good clinical response. The patient was discharged four weeks after admission in good general conditions and practically no lungs opacities.

[Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery as a cause of intermittent claudication: not your usual suspect. Report of one case]. / Enfermedad quística adventicial de la arteria poplítea. Presentación imagenológica de una causa rara de claudicación intermitente.

Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery is a rare condition of uncertain etiology, which presents as intermittent claudication of the lower extremity in middle-age patients. We report a 44-year-old man presenting with intermittent claudication of his left leg. MR angiography showed cystic parietal lesions that caused compression with partial occlusion of the left popliteal artery. Surgical resection of the affected segment was performed, with venous graft interposition. The histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen was consistent with cystic adventitial disease.

Presentación atípica de neoplasia pulmonar: lesiones quísticas pulmonares "no siempre benignas" / Lung cancer presenting as cystic lesions: report of eight cases

Background:: Pulmonary cystic nodules are a relatively frequent finding in chest computed tomography (CT). There is a possible association between this finding and lung cancer. Aim: To report eight patients with malignant lung cystic lesions. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of images in a CT database from 2007 to 2015, looking for cystic lesions of the lung with wall thickening, whose pathological diagnosis was lung cancer. Results: We identified eight patients with cystic nodules aged 44 to 77 years, of which five were women. Six were active and two former smokers. The pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma in seven cases and squamous cell in one. The mean diameter of the cystic lesions was 11.5 mm. The mean diagnostic delay time was 871 days (range 0-1592). The main finding was a gradual thickening of the nodule walls. Conclusions: The presentation of lung cancer as cystic nodules is uncommon. In this series, the change in morphology due to a thickening of the walls with or without a diameter increase, was the clue for the diagnosis.

Expresión de PD-L1 en muestras de cáncer pulmonar no microcítico obtenidas por EBUS-TBNA / PD-L1 Expression in a Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Specimen Obtained by EBUS-TBNA

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[Lung cancer presenting as cystic lesions. Report of eight cases]. / Presentación atípica de neoplasia pulmonar: lesiones quísticas pulmonares "no siempre benignas".

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary cystic nodules are a relatively frequent finding in chest computed tomography (CT). There is a possible association between this finding and lung cancer. AIM: To report eight patients with malignant lung cystic lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of images in a CT database from 2007 to 2015, looking for cystic lesions of the lung with wall thickening, whose pathological diagnosis was lung cancer. RESULTS: We identified eight patients with cystic nodules aged 44 to 77 years, of which five were women. Six were active and two former smokers. The pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma in seven cases and squamous cell in one. The mean diameter of the cystic lesions was 11.5 mm. The mean diagnostic delay time was 871 days (range 0-1592). The main finding was a gradual thickening of the nodule walls. CONCLUSIONS: The presentation of lung cancer as cystic nodules is uncommon. In this series, the change in morphology due to a thickening of the walls with or without a diameter increase, was the clue for the diagnosis.

Airway fibroepithelial polyposis.

Fibroepithelial polyps are benign lesions, frequently found in the skin and genitourinary tract. Airway involvement is rare, and few case reports have been published. Our patient was a 79 y.o. male smoker, who was referred to us with a 3-month history of dry cough. At physical examination, the patient looked well, but a chest CT showed a 6-mm polyp lesion in his trachea. A flexible bronchoscopy confirmed this lesion, and forceps biopsies were performed. Argon plasma coagulation was used to completely resect and treat the lesion. Pathological analysis revealed a fibroepithelial polyp (FP). The aim of this manuscript is to report a case of FP with bronchoscopic management and to review the current literature about this condition.

Análisis moleculares de EGFR, mutación de resistencia al EGFR, ALK y ROS1 en muestras obtenidas mediante PATB-USEB en Chile / Molecular Testing of EGFR, EGFR Resistance Mutation, ALK and ROS1 Achieved by EBUS-TBNA in Chile

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Dendriform pulmonary ossification.

Dendriform pulmonary ossification is a rare condition often diagnosed by either surgery or postmortem examination. We report a 43-y-old man with a history of nonproductive cough for 1 y. His physical examination was unremarkable. Chest computed tomography showed multiple bilateral micronodules in both lower lobes; however, the patient's pulmonary function was normal. Flexible bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies revealed branching ossification. Pulmonary ossification is a chronic process characterized by progressive metaplastic ossification. We reviewed a total of 42 cases of dendriform pulmonary ossification reported in the medical literature: most of these cases were diagnosed by autopsy. Despite its rarity, dendriform pulmonary ossification should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diffuse lung disease. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies must be considered as a potential diagnostic procedure.

Falla de tratamiento en neumonía adquirida en la comunidad: coccidioidomicosis en un viajero / Treatment failure in community-adquired pneumonia: coccidioidomycosis in a traveler patient

Treatment failure in community-acquired pneumonia is defined as a clinical condition with inadequate response to antimicrobial therapy. Resistant and unusual microorganisms and noninfectious causes are responsible for treatment failure. Coccidioides immitis is a fungus that causes pneumonia in the northern hemisphere, especially in the United States and northern Mexico. We report a case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis imported from Mexico to Chile. After a comprehensive study, histopathology was able to establish Coccidiodes immitis as the causative agent, achieving clinical and radiological improvement with antifungal therapy.

La neumonía de evolución tórpida son aquellas en que no se logra una respuesta clínica adecuada con el uso de terapia antimicrobiana. Existen múltiples causas a esta falta de respuesta: resistencia antimicrobiana, microorganismos no cubiertos o infecciones por microorganismos atípicos. Coccidioides immitis es un hongo causante de neumonía en el hemisferio norte, especialmente en E.U.A y norte de México. No existen reportes de casos pulmonares importados en Chile. Presentamos el caso de una mujer adulta con una neumonía que no respondió al tratamiento antimicrobiano habitual. Una vez realizado un estudio exhaustivo, se logró establecer mediante el estudio histopatológico la existencia de una coccidiodomicosis como entidad causal, logrando una respuesta clínica y radiológica favorable al tratamiento antifúngico.

Finger chondroid syringoma as a hypoechoic subcutaneous nodule in ultrasound.

Chondroid syringoma (CS) is an uncommon, benign epithelial skin mixed tumor. It is often located in the head and neck and is unusual in other parts of the body. It may be seen as a skin or soft tissue tumor. We present findings on high-resolution ultrasound and histology in a case of benign CS located on the right index finger. High-resolution ultrasound showed a solid hypoechoic, well-defined subcutaneous mass, adjacent to the tendon. Complete surgical excision was performed, and histopathology demonstrated an apocrine mixed tumor (CS). Although CS histological findings are well described, radiological features have been reported only in few cases and mainly in magnetic resonance. Chondroid syringoma should be suspected by high-resolution ultrasound as a differential diagnosis for a solid slow-growing soft tissue nodule in a finger, especially if the lesion has no contact with the underlying tendon.

[Treatment failure in community-acquired pneumonia: coccidioidomycosis in a traveler patient]. / Falla de tratamiento en neumonía adquirida en la comunidad: coccidioidomicosis en un viajero.

Treatment failure in community-acquired pneumonia is defined as a clinical condition with inadequate response to antimicrobial therapy. Resistant and unusual microorganisms and noninfectious causes are responsible for treatment failure. Coccidioides immitis is a fungus that causes pneumonia in the northern hemisphere, especially in the United States and northern Mexico. We report a case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis imported from Mexico to Chile. After a comprehensive study, histopathology was able to establish Coccidiodes immitis as the causative agent, achieving clinical and radiological improvement with antifungal therapy.

[Peripheral precocious puberty caused by a juvenile granulosa cell ovarian tumor, with iso and heterosexual manifestations in a six years old girl]. / Pubertad precoz periférica por tumor ovárico de las células de la granulosa juvenil, con manifestaciones iso y heterosexuales en una niña de 6 años.

A six years old girl consulted due to mammary development. On physical examination, clitoris enlargement and a tumor localized in the abdominal-pelvic region were observed. Hormonal study disclosed elevated testosterone and estradiol levels. On exploratory laparotomy, a right ovarian tumor was observed and a right salpingooophorectomy was performed. The contemporary biopsy informed a disgerminoma, leading to a surgical staging of the tumor. The definitive pathological diagnosis was a juvenile granular cell tumor, limited to the ovary. In the postoperative period, estradiol and testosterone levels returned to normal values and the pseudopuberty reverted. The patient did not receive adjuvant treatment and after three years of follow up, there is no evidence of tumor recidivism.

[Immunohistochemical flow chart to differentiate between primary adenocarcinoma and the most frequent extragynecological metastases in the ovary]. / Diagrama de flujo inmunohistoquímico para la diferenciación entre adenocarcinomas primarios y tumores metastásicos extraginecológicos más frecuentes en el ovario.

BACKGROUND: The pathological differential diagnosis between primary and metastatic ovarian malignant tumors is usually difficult, specially for tumors originating in the gastrointestinal system or breast. AIM: To define an immunohistochemical flow chart to discriminate these tumor types. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a immunostaining analysis using a panel of six antibodies (CK 7, CA 125, CEA, CK20, BRST-2 and CA 15-3) in 3 tumor groups: 11 ovarian, 14 breast and 12 colonic primary tumors and in a study group of 38 ovarian tumors whose primary origin was unknown. RESULTS: We defined an ovarian immunohistochemical pattern (CEA-/CK20-, 45% in ovarian tumors, 0% in breast or colonic tumors, p < 0.001); an ovary/breast pattern (CEA+/CK20-, 0% in colonic tumors, p < 0.001): a breast pattern (CEA+/CK20-/BKST-2+, 64% in breast tumors and 0% in colonic and ovarian tumors, p < 0.001) and a colonic pattern (CEA+/CK20+/CK7-, 67% in colonic tumors and 0% in breast and ovarian tumors, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Employing a simple panel of antibodies, characteristic immunohistochemical patterns were defined for ovarian, breast and colonic tumors. These patterns allowed the identification of the origin of most tumors of the study group.