ABSTRACT
The transcriptomes from different organs and tissues of western poplar, eucalyptus, soybean and common bean were studied. The expression level of cellulose synthase genes was notably different in different types of tissues and organs in studied plants. For common bean and eucalyptus transcriptome the domination of certain cellulose synthase genes was typical. These prevailing genes made up more than 50 % of the total expression pull of cellulose synthases. On the contrary, cellulose synthase expression pulls of wes-tern poplar and soybean were distributed between multiple genes. The different expression strategies of CesA-genes may reflect a phylogenetic processes that occurred in genomes studied.
Subject(s)
Eucalyptus/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genome, Plant , Glucosyltransferases/genetics , Glycine max/genetics , Phaseolus/genetics , Plant Proteins/genetics , Populus/genetics , Arabidopsis/classification , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Eucalyptus/classification , Eucalyptus/metabolism , Fruit/genetics , Fruit/metabolism , Glucosyltransferases/metabolism , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Isoenzymes/genetics , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Multigene Family , Organ Specificity , Phaseolus/classification , Phaseolus/metabolism , Phylogeny , Plant Leaves/genetics , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plant Roots/genetics , Plant Roots/metabolism , Plant Stems/genetics , Plant Stems/metabolism , Populus/classification , Populus/metabolism , Glycine max/classification , Glycine max/metabolism , Species Specificity , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
The barley genes Rpg5, RGA1 and Adf3, which provide a strong resistance to many pathotypes of stem rust, were cloned a few years ago, but it was still unclear whether their homologues were represented in wheat and in related species. The paper describes the results of a bioinformatic research to determine the homologues of Rpg5, RGA1 and Adf3 in the genomes of Triticum aestivum and several wild grasses, which breeders usually use as sources of stem rust resistance, and which are available in the genome databases. It was found that the Th. elongatum sequence Q9FEC6 and T. aestivum sequence Q43655 were the high identical homologues of the Adf3 sequence. T. urartu M8A999 sequence and T. aestivum W5FCU1 sequence were found to be the closest homologues of Rpg5 complete protein sequence, but the identity of their kinase domains were not as clear as that of the other domains. The separate Rpg5 kinase part analysis did not provide the strong evidences that its orthologs were presented in our corn species. T urartu M7ZZX9 sequence and T. aestivum W5FFP0 and W5F133 sequences were showed to be the homologues of RGA1. The analysis of the predicted active sites allowed finding out the difference between sequences of Rpg5, RGA1, Adf3 protein and their homologues.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/pathogenicity , Disease Resistance/genetics , Genes, Plant , Hordeum/genetics , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Triticum/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Hordeum/microbiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Stems/genetics , Plant Stems/microbiology , Sequence Analysis, Protein , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Triticum/microbiologyABSTRACT
The genetic diversity of 13 Vincetoxicum Wolf species distributed in Ukraine was investigated using 4 of the 8 nuclear microsatellite markers, previously developed for Vincetoxicum atratum from Japan. The number of alleles ranged from 8 to 25. The expected heterozygosities were 0,6900,938 and observed ones ranged from 0,205 to 0,806. In general, the level of genetic variation in studied representatives of the genus Vincetoxicum from Ukraine proved to be comparable with that of Vincetoxicum atratum. The microsatellite loci Vinc5, Vinc104, Vinc123, Vinc124 can be successfully used to assess intra- and interspecific polymorphisms of species of the genus Vincetoxicum Wolf in Ukraine.
Subject(s)
DNA, Plant/genetics , Genetic Variation , Genome, Plant , Microsatellite Repeats , Vincetoxicum/genetics , Alleles , Genetic Loci , Heterozygote , Plant Dispersal , Species Specificity , Ukraine , Vincetoxicum/classificationABSTRACT
Using bioinformatics analysis, the homologues of the genes Sr33 and Sr35 were identifed in the genomes of Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare and Triticum urartu. It is known that these genes provide resistance to hightly virulent wheat stem rust races (Ug99). To identify important for resistance amino acid sites, the comparison of the founded homologues with the Sr33 and Sr35 protein sequences was performed. It was found that the sequences S5DMA6 and E9P785 are the closest homologues of RGA1e protein a product of the Sr33 gene, and the sequences M7YFA9 (CNL-C) and F2E9R2 are the homologues of CNL9 a product of the gene Sr35. It is assumed that the homologues of the genes Sr33 and Sr35, which derived from the wild relatives of wheat and barley, can provide resistance to various forms of a stem rust and can be used in the future breeding programs for wheat improvement.
Subject(s)
Aegilops/genetics , Basidiomycota/pathogenicity , Genes, Plant , Hordeum/genetics , Plant Diseases/immunology , Triticum/genetics , Aegilops/classification , Aegilops/immunology , Aegilops/microbiology , Amino Acid Sequence , Basidiomycota/physiology , Crosses, Genetic , Disease Resistance/genetics , Genome, Plant , Hordeum/classification , Hordeum/immunology , Hordeum/microbiology , Phylogeny , Plant Breeding , Plant Diseases/genetics , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Stems/genetics , Plant Stems/immunology , Plant Stems/microbiology , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Triticum/classification , Triticum/immunology , Triticum/microbiologyABSTRACT
A bioinformatic search of sequences encoding cellulose synthase genes in the flax genome, and their comparison to dicots orthologs was carried out. The analysis revealed 32 cellulose synthase gene candidates, 16 of which are highly likely to encode cellulose synthases, and the remaining 16--cellulose synthase-like proteins (Csl). Phylogenetic analysis of gene products of cellulose synthase genes allowed distinguishing 6 groups of cellulose synthase genes of different classes: CesA1/10, CesA3, CesA4, CesA5/6/2/9, CesA7 and CesA8. Paralogous sequences within classes CesA1/10 and CesA5/6/2/9 which are associated with the primary cell wall formation are characterized by a greater similarity within these classes than orthologous sequences. Whereas the genes controlling the biosynthesis of secondary cell wall cellulose form distinct clades: CesA4, CesA7, and CesA8. The analysis of 16 identified flax cellulose synthase gene candidates shows the presence of at least 12 different cellulose synthase gene variants in flax genome which are represented in all six clades of cellulose synthase genes. Thus, at this point genes of all ten known cellulose synthase classes are identify in flax genome, but their correct classification requires additional research.
Subject(s)
Flax/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genes, Plant , Glucosyltransferases/genetics , Phylogeny , Cell Wall/chemistry , Computational Biology , Flax/classification , Isoenzymes/genetics , Molecular Sequence Annotation , Multigene FamilyABSTRACT
The possibility of exploiting carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based nanocarriers to deliver genes into protoplasts, callus and mesophyll explants of plants was examined. Using single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) at the concentration of 20 µg/ml and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) at the concentration of 15 µg/ml genetic transformation of Nicotiana tabacum L. mesophyll protoplasts with plasmid pGreen 0029 was carried out and transient expression of reporter yfp gene in the protoplasts was observed. Using SWCNTs at the concentration of 40 µg/ml and MWCNTs at the concentration of 30 µg/ml genetic transformation of N. tabacum callus and leaf explants with nptII gene as a part of plasmid pGreen 0029 was carried out. As a result plant regeneration on selective medium containing 50 mg/lkanamycin was shown. SWCNTs-based nanocarriers de-onstrated their appli-ability to transform protoplasts as well as walled plant cells. Whereas, MWCNTs-based nano-arriers were suitable only for transformation of proto-lasts due to the limiting role of cellulose walls in cell penetration.
Subject(s)
DNA/administration & dosage , Nanotubes, Carbon , Nicotiana/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Protoplasts/metabolism , Transformation, Genetic , DNA/genetics , Escherichia coli/genetics , Gene Transfer Techniques , Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry , Particle Size , Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development , Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism , Plasmids , Serum Albumin, Bovine/genetics , Nicotiana/growth & development , Nicotiana/metabolismABSTRACT
Using electrophoretic analysis of 11 enzyme systems, we studied the genetic structure and differentiation of eight natural populations of silver fir Abies alba Mill. in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Of 24 isozyme loci identified, 66.8% proved to be polymorphic. The mean numbers of alleles and genotypes per locus in the populations were respectively 3.1 and 4.5. Each A. alba tree was on average heterozygous at 15.9% of genes. In six populations, the genotypic distribution for all of the loci examined corresponded to Hardy-Weinberg proportions. The populations studied had low levels of subdivision (F(ST) = 0.018; GST = 0.019) and differentiation. Nei's genetic distances between the A. alba populations in the region ranged from 0.002 to 0.009, being on average 0.006.
