ABSTRACT
In experiment MARS-500 on remote space flight simulation, atomic emission spectral analysis with inductively coupled argon plasma was used to measure serum copper and its ultrafiltration fraction. It was shown that, in contrast to baseline data, the Cu serum level varied within the normal physiological boundaries throughout the entire simulation experiment. These variations were sync in all the serum samples. In several periods in the experiment reductions in serum Cu within the baseline range were equivalent to simultaneous reductions in ceruloplasmin. Amount of the free Cu (ultrafiltration) fraction, i.e. not bound to proteins in blood serum, was constant at all times. Since the simulation experiment is not a perfect analogy of space flight because of nonreproducibility of some factors, ionizing radiation specifically, we should take into consideration shifts in the serum copper balance caused by the action of space radiation on human organism. Radiation-induced imbalance is not only a marker of disturbed oxidase function of blood but also points to a mechanism of potential pathological outcome of toxic excessive copper accumulated in the brain, liver and kidney.
Subject(s)
Copper/blood , Serum/chemistry , Space Flight , Ultrafiltration , Adult , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Spectrophotometry, AtomicABSTRACT
Total and ionized magnesium in blood serum and in daily urine were determined before (baseline values) and on days 30, 60 and 105 of the experiment with 105-d isolation and confinement (Mars-105)/ Magnesium in hair was investigated before (baseline values) and on day-105 of the experiment. The investigations were performed using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma. Changes in magnesium were most significant over the initial 30 days in the experiment. Reduction of serum magnesium was accounted for by the fall in the ionized fraction. In organism magnesium is controlled by the ion-regulatory function of the kidney and varies with individuals. Levels of ionized magnesium in blood serum and excreted with daily urine can serve as indicators of stress resistivity .
Subject(s)
Hair/chemistry , Kidney/physiology , Magnesium , Adult , Astronauts , Humans , Magnesium/blood , Magnesium/urine , Male , Social Isolation , Space Flight , Space Simulation , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
Summarised data about polymorphism of xenobiotic metabolism enzyme system (XMES) have been presented. Metabolic molecular mechanisms and the role of genetic polymorphism in metabolic transformation of different xenobiotics are reviewed. Significance of X-transport proteins and nuclear receptors in regulation of XMES-activity are discussed. Possible connection of XMES polymorphism with the development of cancer was examined. Experimental modeling of different levels of epoxide syntase and epoxide hydratase activites has revealed their connection with cancer development. Physiological factors should be considered when evaluation of risk extent for cancer development is carried out.
Subject(s)
Models, Biological , Neoplasm Proteins , Neoplasms , Polymorphism, Genetic , Xenobiotics/metabolism , Animals , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Humans , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/enzymology , Neoplasms/genetics , Prognosis , Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics , Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Brucellosis/immunology , Cholera/immunology , Ethnicity , Racial Groups , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology , Acetylation , Brucellosis/ethnology , Brucellosis/metabolism , Cholera/ethnology , Cholera/metabolism , Humans , Immunity, Active , Oxidation-Reduction , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/ethnology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/metabolismSubject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Amyloidosis/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Familial Mediterranean Fever/metabolism , Models, Biological , Alzheimer Disease/complications , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Amyloidosis/complications , Familial Mediterranean Fever/complications , Humans , Protein Conformation , Protein FoldingSubject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/etiology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/etiology , Multiple Sclerosis/etiology , Alzheimer Disease/immunology , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism , Biomarkers/analysis , Biomarkers/metabolism , Humans , Multiple Sclerosis/immunology , Multiple Sclerosis/metabolismSubject(s)
Clinical Medicine , Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy , Medical Laboratory Science , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Therapeutics , Clinical Medicine/instrumentation , Clinical Medicine/methods , Extracorporeal Circulation , Humans , Medical Laboratory Science/instrumentation , Medical Laboratory Science/methods , Superoxides/metabolism , Therapeutics/instrumentation , Therapeutics/methodsABSTRACT
Psoriasis, a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposition, has been used as an example to study the role of the ethnic background in multifactorial diseases in the Dagestan population. The individual information card (IIC) is proposed as the main tool for correct collection and processing of information. The results of the study demonstrate that the Dagestan population is a convenient and adequate model population for studying multifactorial diseases, such as psoriasis, and may serve as an object for studying the role of heredity in the etiologies and pathogeneses of this and other multifactorial diseases.
Subject(s)
Ethnicity/genetics , Genetics, Population/methods , Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics , Psoriasis/ethnology , Psoriasis/genetics , Dagestan , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Models, GeneticSubject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy , Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Parkinson Disease/genetics , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Humans , Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism , Parkinson Disease/metabolism , Polymorphism, GeneticSubject(s)
Drug Design , Ethnicity/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Pharmacogenetics , Humans , Metabolism/geneticsSubject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Bacterial Physiological Phenomena , Biological Factors/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy/methods , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Immune System/drug effects , Animals , Energy Metabolism/immunology , Humans , Liver/drug effects , Liver/enzymology , Liver/metabolismABSTRACT
The article sets forth the concept of natural biospheric immunization of a macroorganism by opportunistic saprotrophic microflora. Immunization by opportunistic microflora and microbial control of the metabolic status (which is coupled to the immune status of the organism) may act in a concert to provide immune defense. Efficient immunization requires that normal microflora be certified and the patients, phenotyped by the type and rate of xenobiotic biotransformation (via oxidation and acetylation). Data from the literature, based on which the suggested measures to stimulating the immune defense of the organism should be taken, are analyzed.
