[Thyroglossal cyst and papillary carcinoma. Management proposals]. / Quiste tirogloso con carcinoma papilar de tiroides. Propuestas de manejo.

The thyroid descends through the foramen cecum leaving the thyroglossal duct, which disappears between the fifth and the tenth week of pregnancy. The lack of involution of any part of this duct results in thyroglossal cyst formation. Its diagnostic approach is made by cervical ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Approximately 1 % of the thyroglossal cyst formation contains malignant elements, and the most reported primary tumor has been papillary carcinoma. The recommended treatment for these carcinomas is controversial and it has evolved as time goes by. From Sistrunk procedure to neck dissection with total thyroidectomy and complementary therapies, such as iodine ablation and thyroid supplements, yet there is still no consensus as to the type of surgery and postoperative management it should be used to treat this carcinoma. Therapy should be applied according to each specific case, and it should be based on histological diagnosis, the invasive character of the tumor, and the lymph node affectation. In this paper we review the literature published so far with regards to the treatment of this carcinoma.

La tiroides hace su descenso a través del foramen cecum y deja el conducto tirogloso, el cual desaparece entre la quinta y la décima semana de gestación. La falta de involución de cualquier parte de este conducto da lugar a la formación de quistes tiroglosos. Su evaluación se realiza por medio de ecografía cervical, tomografía computada y resonancia magnética. Aproximadamente el 1 % de los quistes tiroglosos contiene elementos malignos y el tumor primario que se ha documentado más ha sido el carcinoma papilar. El tratamiento recomendado para estos carcinomas es objeto de discusión; se ha usado desde la operación de Sistrunk hasta la disección cervical con tiroidectomía total y terapias complementarias como la ablación con yodo y los suplementos tiroideos; sin embargo, todavía no existe un consenso dominante en cuanto al tipo de intervención quirúrgica y su manejo postoperatorio. La terapia debe ser adaptada a cada caso, sobre el diagnóstico histológico, el carácter invasivo del tumor y la afectación de los ganglios linfáticos. En el presente escrito hemos realizado una revisión de la literatura respecto al tratamiento.

Quiste tirogloso como foco primario de carcinoma papilar de tiroides metastásico a cadena ganglionar yugular / Thyroglossal cyst as primary site of papillary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to jugular lymph node chain

No disponible

Experiencia quirúrgica en el hiperparatiroidismo primario en el Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional ''La Raza'' / Surgical experience in primary hyperparathyroidism at the Specialty Hospital of the National Medical Center ''La Raza''

Objetivo: Presentar la experiencia quirúrgica en el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo primario. Sede: Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional ''La Raza''. Diseño: Ambispectivo, observacional, longitudinal, descriptivo. Análisis estadístico: Porcentajes como medida de resumen para variables cualitativas. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio en el periodo comprendido de enero del 2006 a diciembre del 2010 en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional ''La Raza''. Con seguimiento mínimo de un año, se revisó el expediente y su evolución a través del tiempo, enumerando morbilidad, mortalidad, así como recurrencia o éxito quirúrgico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 119 pacientes con una edad promedio de 51.8 años, 22 hombres y 97 mujeres. La mayor frecuencia de hiperparatiroidismo primario se observó entre los pacientes de 40 y 69 años de edad. El calcio sérico promedio fue de 11.6 mg/dl al momento del diagnóstico y la media de hormona paratiroidea fue de 274 pg/ml. El hallazgo histopatológico fue de 106 adenomas (89%) y 13 hiperplasias (10.9%). Se obtuvo la curación con la primera intervención en 113 pacientes (95%), de ellos dos presentaron complicaciones agudas (1.6%) y tres crónicas (2.5%), sin mortalidad. Conclusiones: Al determinar la recurrencia del hiperparatiroidismo primario dentro de la experiencia quirúrgica en este centro hospitalario de tercer nivel y comparándolo con lo reportado en la literatura mundial, éste se encuentra dentro del promedio. La utilidad del estudio al determinar la recurrencia nos sirve para detectar factores condicionantes de la misma, además de llevar a cabo un adecuado estudio preoperatorio y selección de los pacientes.

Objective: To present the surgical experience in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. Setting: Third level health care center (Specialty Hospital of the National Medical Center ''La Raza''). Design: Ambispective, observational, longitudinal, descriptive study. Statistical analysis: Percentages as summary measure for qualitative variables. Patients and Methods: The study was performed from January 2006 to December 2010 in the General Surgery Service of the Specialty Hospital of the Centro Médico Nacional ''La Raza'', with a minimum follow up of one year. The clinical records were revised as well as evolution along time, assessing morbidity, mortality, recurrence or surgical success. Results: A total of 119 patients were included with an average age of 51.8 years; 22 men and 97 women. The highest frequency of primary hyperparathyroidism was observed among patients aged from 40 to 69 years. Average serum calcium was 11.6 mg/dl at the time of diagnosis, and the mean parathyroid hormone value was of 274 pg/ml. Histopathological findings included 106 adenomas (89%) and 13 hyperplasias (10.9%). Cure was obtained with the first surgery in 113 (95%) patients with two acute complications (1.6%) and three chronic ones (2.5%); no mortality was recorded. Conclusions: When determining recurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism according to surgical experience in this third level healthy care center and comparing with that reported in the worldwide literature, our result lie within the average. Determining recurrence is useful to detect its conditioning factors, aside from performing adequate preoperative study and patient selection.

Determinación de la certeza diagnóstica de la gammagrafía tiroidea con tecnecio 99 sestamibi en pacientes con nódulo tiroideo y resultado histopatológico definitivo / Determination of the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc sestamibi scanning in patients with thyroid nodule and a definitive histopathological report

Antecedentes La gammagrafía con tecnecio 99 (Tc99) sestamibi y la biopsia por aspiración permiten predecir de forma relativamente segura el resultado histopatológico de un nódulo tiroideo. Objetivo Determinar la utilidad diagnóstica de la gammagrafía tiroidea con tecnecio 99 sestamibi para detección de malignidad en pacientes con nódulo tiroideo, confirmado por resultado histopatológico definitivo posterior a tiroidectomía. Material y métodos Se estudió un total de 69 pacientes con diagnóstico de nódulo tiroideo solitario que contaban con punción por aspiración con aguja fina y que fueron sometidos a tiroidectomía total ante sospecha de cáncer con análisis patológico posterior en todos. Cincuenta y cuatro pacientes con gammagrafía tiroidea positiva para malignidad; 25 pacientes con un histopatológico final de cáncer y 29 con un histopatológico negativo al mismo. Quince pacientes con gammagrafía tiroidea negativa para neoplasia tiroidea, con 3 presentando un diagnóstico de cáncer confirmado por patología y 12 confirmados con ausencia de malignidad. Resultados En el presente estudio se realizó un análisis estadístico para determinar la certeza diagnostica del Tc99 sestamibi para detectar malignidad en los nódulos tiroideos. El estudio con gammagrafía tiroidea con Tc99 sestamibi para cáncer de tiroides, tuvo una sensibilidad de 89,28%, con una especificidad de 29,25%. El Tc99 sestamibi mostró un valor predictor positivo de 46,29% y un valor predictor negativo de 80%.ConclusionesConsideramos que la práctica de la gammagrafía tiroidea con Tc99 sestamibi debe ser una técnica diagnóstica que se utilice de forma rutinaria en todo aquel paciente con un nódulo tiroideo que presente una punción aspiración con citología tiroidea indeterminada; siendo su mayor utilidad para descartar malignidad en aquellos que presentan captación baja en el estudio de medicina nuclear (AU)

Background 99m Tc sestamibi scanning and aspiration biopsy can predict the histopathological result of a thyroid nodule fairly accurately. Objective To determine the accuracy of 99mTc sestamibi scanning in detecting malignancy in patients with thyroid nodule confirmed by definitive histopathological report after thyroidectomy. Material and methods A total of 69 patients with a solitary thyroid nodule were studied. In all patients, fine needle aspiration, total thyroidectomy for suspected thyroid cancer, and histological analysis of the surgical specimen were performed. There were 54 patients with a positive 99mTc sestamibi scan; of these, malignancy was confirmed by histological analysis in 25 and excluded in 29. There were 15 patients with a negative 99mTc sestamibi scan; of these, three had a final diagnosis of cancer and 12 were confirmed as cancer-free. Results The diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc sestamibi scanning in detecting malignancy in thyroid nodules was determined through a statistical analysis. 99mTc sestamibi scan for thyroid cancer had a sensitivity of 89.28% and a specificity of 29.25%. The positive predictive value was 46.29% and the negative predictive value was 80%.ConclusionsWe believe that 99mTc sestamibi scan should be routinely used in all patients with a thyroid nodule and an indeterminate result on fine needle aspiration. This procedure is most useful in excluding malignancy in patients with a negative 99mTc sestamibi scan (AU)

[Determination of the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc sestamibi scanning in patients with thyroid nodule and a definitive histopathological report]. / Determinación de la certeza diagnóstica de la gammagrafía tiroidea con tecnecio 99 sestamibi en pacientes con nódulo tiroideo y resultado histopatológico definitivo.

BACKGROUND: 99mTc sestamibi scanning and aspiration biopsy can predict the histopathological result of a thyroid nodule fairly accurately. OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of 99mTc sestamibi scanning in detecting malignancy in patients with thyroid nodule confirmed by definitive histopathological report after thyroidectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 69 patients with a solitary thyroid nodule were studied. In all patients, fine needle aspiration, total thyroidectomy for suspected thyroid cancer, and histological analysis of the surgical specimen were performed. There were 54 patients with a positive 99mTc sestamibi scan; of these, malignancy was confirmed by histological analysis in 25 and excluded in 29. There were 15 patients with a negative 99mTc sestamibi scan; of these, three had a final diagnosis of cancer and 12 were confirmed as cancer-free. RESULTS: The diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc sestamibi scanning in detecting malignancy in thyroid nodules was determined through a statistical analysis. 99mTc sestamibi scan for thyroid cancer had a sensitivity of 89.28% and a specificity of 29.25%. The positive predictive value was 46.29% and the negative predictive value was 80%. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that 99mTc sestamibi scan should be routinely used in all patients with a thyroid nodule and an indeterminate result on fine needle aspiration. This procedure is most useful in excluding malignancy in patients with a negative 99mTc sestamibi scan.