Subject(s)
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/diagnosis , Pneumothorax/diagnosis , Stomach Diseases/diagnosis , Stomach/pathology , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/complications , Humans , Male , Stomach Diseases/complications , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Iodine deficiency and excess are the most important factors that affect screening and recall rates of congenital hypothyroidism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the urinary iodine status in newborns and their mothers and its effects on neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in a mildly iodine-deficient area. METHODS: A total of 116 newborns and their mothers were included in the study. Urinary iodine levels were measured from healthy mothers and their babies on the 5th day following birth. Neonatal TSH levels were screened, and TSH and free thyroxine (fT4) levels were measured on the 15th day in the recall cases. T4 treatment was started in infants with high TSH and low fT4 levels. These measurements were repeated on the 30th day in these newborns. RESULTS: Ninety-nine percent of the mothers included in the study were using iodized salt. The median urinary iodine level in the newborns was 279 µg/L, while it was 84 µg/L in their mothers. The rate of iodine deficiency among the mothers was 56.8%, and the rate of iodine excess was 8.6%. This rate was 10.3% for iodine deficiency and 61.2% for iodine excess in the newborns. The recall rate at the screening was 9.5% (n=11). The urinary iodine levels were above 200 µg/L in three newborns who had transient hyperthyrotropinemia. CONCLUSIONS: Iodine deficiency was more frequently observed in nursing mothers, and iodine excess was more frequently seen in their newborns. The iodine excess noted in the newborns was attributed to the use of antiseptics containing iodine. The iodine excess leads to increases in recall rates, screening costs, and frequency of transient hyperthyrotropinemia.
Subject(s)
Iodine/deficiency , Iodine/urine , Thyrotropin/urine , Analysis of Variance , Breast Feeding , Congenital Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Congenital Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Congenital Hypothyroidism/urine , Female , Humans , Hyperthyroxinemia/diagnosis , Hyperthyroxinemia/urine , Infant, Newborn , Iodine/administration & dosage , Lactation , Maternal Welfare , Pregnancy , Sodium Chloride, Dietary/administration & dosage , Thyroxine/urine , Turkey/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Croup, which is seen commonly in childhood, is a disorder that can be recurrent and progress to bronchial asthma. In the present study the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and atopy and the response to therapy were investigated in children with recurrent croup. METHODS: Between October 2003 and June 2004, 57 patients with acute stridor were admitted to the emergency room. The patients who had at least three croup episodes and patients with first croup episode were compared. RESULTS: Thirty-two children had recurrent croup history, GER was found in of 62.5%, and atopy in 17.2%. Atopy was not found in any children with first croup episode. The difference was significant. In addition it was found that atopic dermatitis, previous history of wheezing and established atopy increased the risk of croup recurrence. Alone or combined inhaled corticosteroids and GER therapy were administered, and 77.7% of the patients responded very well. CONCLUSION: GER and atopy should be investigated in patients with recurrent spasmodic croup. Recurrent croup is a non-specific manifestation of atopy. Patients with atopy should be followed closely for developing bronchial asthma.
Subject(s)
Croup/epidemiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Comorbidity , Croup/diagnosis , Croup/drug therapy , Female , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Infant , Male , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (ICEP) is a rare cause of chronic lung disease in children and adolescents. We described four-years old boy presenting with recurrent pneumonia and symptoms of bronchial asthma. Because of peripheral eosinophilia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates patient investigated comprehensive and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia determined histopathologically. Other conditions causing eosinophilic pneumonia were ruled out. He showed a dramatic response to oral corticosteroid therapy. This report emphasizes that ICEP should be considered in pediatric age group on a cause for chronic hypoxemi or intractable symptoms of respiratory system.
Subject(s)
Pulmonary Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Asthma/etiology , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/complications , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/drug therapy , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to observe the effects of cyclophosphamide and its uroprotective agents, mesna and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), on the motility of urinary bladder muscle in guinea pigs. In the experimental groups, mesna and cyclophosphamide were intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 21.5 mg/kg and 68.1 mg/kg, respectively. For the combination of mesna and cyclophosphamide, one dose of mesna was injected 20 min before cyclophosphamide administration and three additional injections of mesna were repeated every three hours. A total of 8 HBO exposures were performed at 2.8 ATA for 90 min twice daily for another experimental group. In the HBO and cyclophosphamide combined group 5 HBO exposures were given prophylactically before cyclophosphamide. The combination of mesna, HBO and cyclophosphamide was administered by the same procedure. The contractions obtained in response to acetylcholine (ACh, 10(-4) M) in the control group were reduced using cyclophosphamide and HBO individually, but not by mesna. However, the contractions belonging to the various combinations of these three agents were not different from those seen in the control group. On the other hand, the combinations of cyclophosphamide, mesna and HBO showed higher responses to ACh than the groups in which cyclophosphamide and HBO were used individually, while the responses elicited by the cyclophosphamide and HBO combination were greater than those seen in the group treated with HBO only.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacology , Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Mesna/therapeutic use , Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Urinary Bladder/drug effects , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/adverse effects , Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects , Guinea Pigs , Mesna/administration & dosage , Muscle, Smooth/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth/physiology , Protective Agents/administration & dosage , Random AllocationABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to compare the protective effects of mesna, hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO), and their combination in cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in guinea pigs. Following one dose of i.p. 21.5 mg./kg. mesna administration 20 minutes before i.p. 68.1 mg./kg. cyclophosphamide, 3 additional doses of mesna were given every three hours. A total of 8 HBO exposures, 5 of which were applied prophylactically before cyclophosphamide, were performed at 2.8 ATA for 90 minutes 2 times a day. Although mesna or HBO provided significant protection for cyclophosphamide-cystitis in animal bladders, there was also significant damage compared with controls. The combination of mesna and HBO, which act through independent mechanisms, resulted in complete protection, since mean histological scores and hematuria levels in this group were not different from controls (p >0.05). Therefore, this combination may be a useful tool in the prophylaxis and treatment of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
