ABSTRACT
Love wave sensors (ST-cut quartz substrate with interdigital transducers, SiO(2) guiding layer and sensitive coating) have been receiving a great deal of attention for a few years. Indeed, the wave coupled in a guiding layer confers a high gravimetric sensitivity and the shear horizontal (SH) polarization allows to work in liquid media. In this paper, an analytical method is proposed to calculate the Love wave phase velocity and the gravimetric sensitivity for a complete multilayer structure. This allows us to optimize the Love wave devices design in order to improve their gravimetric sensitivity in liquid media. As a model for virus or bacteria detection in liquids (drinking or bathing water, food em leader ) we design a model using M13 bacteriophage. The first step is the anti-M13 (AM13) monoclonal antibody grafting, on the device surface (SiO(2)). The second step is an immunoreaction in between the M13 bacteriophage and the AM13 antibody. The Love wave device allows to detect in real time the graft of the AM13 sensitive coating, as well as the immobilization of the M13 bacteriophages. With a pH change, the M13 bacteriophages can be removed from the sensor surface, in order to be numerated as plaque forming unit (pfu). Results on the sensitivity of Love waves are compared with similar immunological works with bulk acoustic wave devices, and demonstrate the high potentialities of Love waves sensors.
Subject(s)
Acoustics/instrumentation , Bacteriophage M13/isolation & purification , Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , Biosensing Techniques/methods , Immunoassay/instrumentation , Transducers , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemical synthesis , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Feasibility Studies , Immunoassay/methods , Online Systems/instrumentation , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Silicon Dioxide , Solutions/analysis , Water Microbiology , Water Pollutants/analysisABSTRACT
Surgery induces immediate hypercoagulability by direct alteration of the vascular bed, release of procoagulant substances from the extravascular spaces and blood flow decrease, and delayed hypercoagulation in response to tissue damage which triggers inflammatory responses. Thus, the postoperative period represents a high-risk time for thrombosis. Recognition of high-risk individuals would make it possible to improve thromboembolism prevention. We studied in women undergoing laparoscopic surgery a series of markers known to be related to the thrombotic risk and confronted their results with those of a global test, the thrombin generation test (TGT) described by Hemker's group. Our results show that two groups of patients can be distinguished according to usual risk markers (PAI-1, TAT, body mass index): the higher risk group demonstrates higher initial TGT values, but also a postoperative decrease of the TGT values whose mechanisms remain to be defined.
