ABSTRACT
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes transmit several human pathogens that cause millions of deaths worldwide, mainly in Latin America. The indiscriminate use of insecticides has resulted in the development of species resistance to some such compounds. Piperidine, a natural alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum, has been used as a hit compound due to its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. In the present study, piperidine derivatives were studied through in silico methods: pharmacophoric evaluation (PharmaGist), pharmacophoric virtual screening (Pharmit), ADME/Tox prediction (Preadmet/Derek 10.0®), docking calculations (AutoDock 4.2) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on GROMACS-5.1.4. MP-416 and MP-073 molecules exhibiting ΔG binding (MMPBSA -265.95 ± 1.32 kJ/mol and -124.412 ± 1.08 kJ/mol, respectively) and comparable to holo (ΔG binding = -216.21 ± 0.97) and pyriproxyfen (a well-known larvicidal, ΔG binding= -435.95 ± 2.06 kJ/mol). Considering future in vivo assays, we elaborated the theoretical synthetic route and made predictions of the synthetic accessibility (SA) (SwissADME), lipophilicity and water solubility (SwissADME) of the promising compounds identified in the present study. Our in silico results show that MP-416 and MP-073 molecules could be potent insecticides against the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
Subject(s)
Aedes , Insecticides , Animals , Computational Biology , Humans , Insecticides/pharmacology , Juvenile Hormones , Larva , Piperidines/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The present work describes the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Ocotea pomaderroides extracts besides the chemical composition of chromatographic fractions. The hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extract soluble fractions showed high Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase (EelAChE) inhibition (92.18, 71.86 and 74.25%, respectively) while the butanolic and aqueous extracts showed moderate to low activities (44.48 and 20.74%, respectively). The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multiple-stage mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MSn) analysis led to the identification of the alkaloids and flavonol glycoside derivatives present in these extracts. The binding profile of the alkaloids and their atomic effect on 3D structure of Electrophorus electricus AchE (EelAChE) were assessed with molecular modeling.
Subject(s)
Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Ocotea , Plant Extracts , Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Ocotea/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Tetragonisca angustula honey was fractioned in a SiO2 column to furnish three fractions (A-C) in which four hydroxycinnamic acid-Spermidine amides (HCAAs), known as N', Nâ³, Nâ´-tris-p-coumaroyl spermidine, N', Nâ³-dicaffeoyl, Nâ´-coumaroyl spermidine, N', Nâ³, Nâ´-tris-caffeoyl spermidine and N', Nâ³-dicaffeoyl and Nâ´-feruloyl spermidine were identified in the fractions B and C by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. A primary culture model previously infected with Neospora caninum (72 h) was used to evaluate the honey fractions (A-C) for two-time intervals: 24 and 72 h. Parasitic reduction ranged from 38% on fraction C (12.5 µg/ml), after 24 h, to 54% and 41% with fractions B and C (25 µg/ml) after 72 h of treatment, respectively. Additionally, HCAAs did not show any cell toxicity for 24 and 72 h. For infected cultures (72 h), the active fractions B (12.5 µg/ml) and C (25 µg/ml) decreased their NO content. In silico studies suggest that HCAAs may affect the parasite's redox pathway and improve the oxidative effect of NO released from infected cells. Here, we presented for the first time, that HCAAs from T. angustula honey have the potential to inhibit the growth of N. caninum protozoa.
