Tuberculosis presenting as arthritis of the ankle: A case report.

Tuberculosis presenting as monoarticular involvement in immunocompetent patients is rare. Here, we report a Sri Lankan patient presenting with ankle swelling due to tuberculosis with no other extrapulmonary or pulmonary involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging showed destruction of articular cartilage of the ankle joint with chronic inflammation of the subtalar joint. The diagnosis was confirmed by synovial tissue culture which was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient recovered uneventfully with anti-tuberculosis treatment. Therefore, a high degree of suspicion is necessary to diagnose extrapulmonary tuberculosis when patients are presenting with atypical monoarthritis.

Tuberculosis Presenting as Isolated Wrist Swelling: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is a common disease entity in South East Asian countries with a significant global burden. An extra skeletal manifestation such as monoarticular TB is common, but isolated involvement of the wrist is rare. CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old Sri Lankan male with long-standing diabetes presented with an isolated hand swelling for a 7-month duration. His initial imaging and MRI showed multiple destructive lesions in the carpal bones, surrounding focal fluid collections and found to have caseous material intraoperatively. His histology and microbiological studies were positive for TB with no other concurrent evidence of TB elsewhere. CONCLUSION: Different presentations of tuberculosis should be considered when patients are presenting with atypical clinical and initial basic investigation findings in relation to monoarticular pathologies.

Retained Shrapnel from a Blast Injury as a Rare Cause of Secondary Osteoarthritis of the Hip Joint: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND: Complications related to intra-articular retained shrapnel are rare and primarily depend on the anatomical location and the reaction with the surrounding tissue. Retained bodies causing severe osteoarthritis with bone destruction and limb shortening are extremely rare. We describe a rare occurrence of retained shrapnel, possibly iron nails causing a late presentation of grade 4 secondary osteoarthritis of the hip joint with destruction of the femoral head and limb shortening. CASE PRESENTATION: A 74-year-old otherwise healthy Sri Lankan male with a history of blast injury to the right hip 35 years ago presented with an isolated, right sided mild hip pain with a progressive limp for an 8-year duration. He had a true right limb shortening of 3.6 cm and limited range of motion. However, he had minimal functional disability. An X-ray of the pelvis and hip joints showed grade 4 osteoarthritis of the right hip joint with destruction of the right femoral head. There were three retained metallic nails (shrapnel) in the right hip joint of which two were intra-articular. Although he was offered a total hip arthroplasty, he opted for conservative management due to his minimal functional disability. Modified foot wear and simple analgesics were prescribed, and he had no worsening of symptoms at 6 months of follow up. CONCLUSION: Late presentation due to shrapnel-induced osteoarthritis with bone destruction and limb shortening is extremely rare. Initial assessment with radiographs is essential following blast injuries to exclude intra-articular or periarticular foreign bodies. Such foreign bodies should be removed to prevent the associated local and systemic complications.