ABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/432479.].
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Melanoma/drug therapy , Nail Diseases/chemically induced , Neoplasms, Second Primary/chemically induced , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Aged , Female , Humans , Melanoma/secondary , Nail Diseases/diagnosis , Nail Diseases/pathology , Nails/pathology , Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Melanomas are disease entities driven in part by the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The TCGA network recently defined four genetic subtypes based on the most prevalent significantly mutated genes, including mutant BRAF, mutant RAS (N/H/K), mutant NF1, and Triple wild-type melanoma (harboring none of the aforementioned mutations, but instead includes KIT, GNA and GNAQ mutations). The successful development of kinase inhibitors marked a milestone in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Combination treatment with a BRAF- and MEK-inhibitor is the current standard of care for inoperable stage IIIC/IV BRAF-mutated melanoma. Recent data demonstrate excellent long-term outcome, especially in patients with normal baseline LDH levels, and confirm that there is a subset of BRAF inhibitor-naive patients who experience durable responses without progression on combination treatment. In the future, adding a third compound based on individual genetic alterations might further improve the outcome of targeted therapy.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Melanoma/drug therapy , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Humans , Melanoma/genetics , Mutation , Skin Neoplasms/geneticsABSTRACT
Mucosal melanoma is a rare disease, which differs from its cutaneous counterpart genetically and for its clinical behaviour. Moreover this is a heterogeneous disease based on the tissue of origin. As CT7 and CT10 are highly expressed in cutaneous melanoma and are immunogenic in this disease, we analysed their expression throughout the different subtypes of mucosal melanoma and tumor development. We detected a frequent expression of CT7 in primaries and corresponding metastases (55%) as well as for CT10 (30%). This expression resulted to be heterogeneous in the same tumor specimen and moreover influenced by the tissue of origin. Our results support the role of these antigens in immunotherapy for mucosal melanoma.
