[The age-specific changes in the wall of the arterial circle of Willis].

The objective of the present study was to create the database of morphometric and morphological characteristics of the wall of the vessels of the Willis arterial circle at the site of their bifurcation throughout the period of postnatal ontogenesis in man to be used for the postmortem determination of human age. Preparations of vascular cross sections were used to measure the intima thickness (intimal pads) in the region of lateral bifurcation angles on the terminal branch of the internal carotid and basilar arteries obtained from 130 corpses of the subjects aged between 0 and 75 years. The histological preparations were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and van Gieson's pyrofuchsin or by the Unnar-Tenzer method. Morphometry was performed using a Bioscan image analyser and the Scion Image v.402 software. The Microsoft Excel 2003 package was used for the primary treatment of the data obtained. They were used to draw the table of intimal pads developing throughout the period of postnatal ontogenesis in man that allows for the postmortem determination of approximate human age. The study showed that the thickening of intimal pads and concomitant thinning of the underlying muscular layer during the postnatal ontogenesis should be regarded as being normal age-related changes.

[Structural peculiarities of the wall of the vessels of the cerebral arterial circle in the area of bifurcations in people of different age].

The present study was conducted to determine the morphological and morphometric features of the arterial wall structure at the bifurcation of blood vessels of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) of Willis in people of different age (from birth till 65 years). Material obtained from 80 people was stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Van Gieson stain, with orcein by Unna-Taenzer's method and with sudan. The proliferative activity of the cells in tunica intima and tunica media at the site of bifurcation of the internal carotid and basilar arteries was studied immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against Ki-67. It was found that intimal thickenings (cushions) appeared immediately after birth, initially only in a few places of CAC vessel branching; by 8-10 years they were detected in all the bifurcations of the circle. With aging, the thickening of intimal cushions with a thinning of the underlying tunica media was found. Ki-67 protein expression was noted in both the intimal cushions and underlying tunica media, indicating the activity of atherosclerosis process.

[Characteristics of the human cerebral arterial circle in skulls of various shape].

The vessels of the circle of Willis of a brain of adult persons were studied by macro-microscopic preparation computer tomography (CT-angiography). It was demonstrated that in dolichocranes, the anterior-posterior dimension of the circle of Willis was greater, than in meso- and brachicranes. Classical structure of the circle of Willis was found in humans in 38-46% of the cases studied (most frequently in dolichocranes). The vessels of the circle of Willis were characterized by a structural variability that was associated with the shape of the skull: in the individuals with meso- and brachicranial skull shape, the various deviations from the classical structure of the arteries of the circle of Willis were most common in its posterior area, while in dolichocranes these were most frequently seen in the anterior area. In 30-40% of the cases studied, there was a combination of the structural variations of the blood vessels in both anterior and posterior areas of the circle of Willis (a combined form).

[Analysis of the changes in the cellular populations of the pancreatic pseudocyst in an experiment].

The purpose of the research was to study, using the quantitative methods, the cellular populations of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and lymphocytes in the connective tissue of the wall of the pancreatic pseudocyst. Local cold application to the pancreas of albino rat with the help of KCH 3A/B cryosurgical complex was used for the modeling of the pseudocyst. General decrease in the cell content in wall of the pseudocyst was detected together with the changes of predominant cell populations during the study. At days 14-21 of the experiment, the neutrophilic granulocytes were found to dominate, by day 30 the dominating cells were the macrophages, which were substituted by fibroblasts at day 45. The progressive increase of the number of lymphocytes was found throughout the the experiment.

[The experience of cryomodelling of the pancreas pathology].

The purpose of the research is to determine the capabilities of cryomodelling of the pathology of the pancreas. Local cold influence of the pancreas of white rat was made with the help of cryosurgical complex KCH 3A/B (Chirana, Brno). Cooling was carried out intraoperatively, by the direct contact of the cryosurgical tip with the tissue of the pancreas. The relation of local morphological changes from the temperature of cooling is established. The modeling of the pathology of the pancreas on the basis of local cryoinfluence differs by high specificity and stability of reproduction and it can be recommended for studying mechanisms of the origin of given pathology and approbation of the ways of the treatment.

[Information analysis of spinal ganglia]. / Informatsionnyi analiz spinnomozgovykh gangliev.

Information parameters (entropia and redundancy) of cervical and thoracic spinal ganglia of albino rat foetuses, mature animals (cat and dog) and human subjects were analysed. Information characteristics of spinal ganglia were shown to be level-specified and to depend on their functional peculiarities. Information parameters of thoracic spinal ganglia of man and different animals are specie specified and may be used in assessment of morphological structures as information systems.

[The regeneration patterns of the canine hypogastric nerve when transplanted into the wall of the large intestine]. / Zakonomernosti regeneratsii podchrevnogo nerva sobaki pri ego transplantatsii v stenku tolstoi kishki.

Findings of the study on the dog hypogastric nerve regeneration after implantation in caudal large intestine distal region are presented. Not only occurrence of the implanted nerve structure repair was shown, but also its assistance to formation of a well-developed neurovascular plexus in large intestine wall. Regenerated nerve fibres from the nervous plexus that forms in the epineurium of the implanted nerve invade the wall of large intestine. These data indicate the formation of an intramural nervous apparatus in large intestine wall providing additional neurotrophic regulation of an organ.