Consumo de forragem por ovinos ingerindo grama missioneira gigante com ou sem acesso a amendoim forrageiro / Herbage intake by lambs grazing missioneira gigante grass with or without access to peanut pastures

A grama missioneira gigante (Axonopus catharinensis Valls) é uma espécie forrageira que merece ser melhor investigada tanto pura como recebendo a inclusão de leguminosas. Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo de MS por ovinos pastejando grama missioneira gigante com ou sem acesso a pastos de amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo). Para isso, foi conduzido um experimento prévio com cordeiros alojados em gaiolas metabólicas, gerando-se uma equação para a estimativa do consumo tomando como base a excreção fecal de proteína bruta (PBf), que apresentou R2= 0,91. Em um segundo experimento, foi avaliado o consumo de forragem por ovinos em pastos de grama missioneira gigante com duas alturas de entrada (25 ou 35cm), com ou sem acesso a áreas de amendoim forrageiro por duas horas diárias. A altura de entrada na grama missioneira gigante não alterou o consumo total de MS, mas o acesso aos piquetes da leguminosa aumentou o consumo em aproximadamente 20%. Em conclusão, a grama missioneira gigante pode ser manejada com alturas de entrada entre 25 e 35cm, enquanto o acesso a áreas de amendoim forrageiro por duas horas diárias aumenta o consumo de MO por cordeiros pastejando a missioneira.(AU)

The missioneira gigante grass (Axonopus catharinensis Valls) is a grass that deserves to be better investigated both pure and receiving the inclusion of legumes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the herbage intake by sheep grazing missioneira gigante grass with or without access to peanut grass (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo). A previous experiment was conducted using lambs housed in metabolic cages, generating an equation for estimation of herbage intake as a function of faecal crude protein excretion (CPf). The equation presented a value of R 2 = 0.91. In the grazing experiment, the herbage intake was evaluated using missioneira gigante pastures with two pre-grazing sward heights (25 or 35cm), with or without access to peanut areas during two hours per day. The pre-grazing sward height of missioneira gigante did not change the total OM herbage intake, but the access to peanut pastures increased the herbage intake by approximately 20%. In conclusion, missioneira gigante grass has shown flexibility to be used with pre-grazing sward heights between 25 and 35cm, while the access to forage peanut pastures during two hours daily increases herbage OM intake by lambs grazing grass.(AU)

Comparação entre vacas puras Holandês e mestiças Holandês x Jersey quanto à sanidade, imunidade e facilidade de parto / Comparison between Holstein and Holstein × Jersey crossbred cows for health, immunity and easy calving

O cruzamento com a raça Jersey vem sendo utilizado principalmente como alternativa para o aumento da concentração de sólidos do leite em rebanhos puros Holandês, sendo a capacidade de produção desses animais conhecida em diversos estudos. Entretanto, ainda existem limitadas informações sobre diversos fatores relevantes para a tomada de decisão e para o manejo de rebanhos cruzados, tais como resistência a doenças e facilidade de parto, sendo esta a motivação do presente trabalho, o qual objetivou avaliar a sanidade, a imunidade e a facilidade de parto de vacas mestiças Holandês x Jersey em relação a vacas puras Holandês. Foram analisados dados de dificuldade de parto, duração da gestação, retenção de placenta, indicadores sanguíneos para doenças metabólicas pós-parto (cetose e paresia puerperal hipocalcêmica) e de imunidade obtidos em vacas mestiças Holandês x Jersey e puras Holandês durante o período de um ano. O grupamento genético não afetou a facilidade de parto (P=0,4376), a retenção de placenta (P=0,7074) e a duração da gestação (P=0,2812). Vacas mestiças apresentaram maiores concentrações de gamaglobulinas (1,776 contra 1,456g/dL) e de proteína total (7,019 contra 6,525g/dL). Quanto à concentração de ß-hidroxibutirato (BHBA), ocorreu diferença somente no dia do parto, com valores mais altos para as vacas mestiças (0,580 contra 0,427mmol/L). Observou-se diferença entre grupamentos genéticos para concentração de cálcio iônico (P=0,082), com vacas mestiças apresentando concentração mais baixa (3,92 contra 4,3 mg/dL). Conclui-se que vacas mestiças apresentam melhor performance em indicadores de imunidade e pior nos indicadores de cetose e paresia puerperal hipocalcêmica no pós-parto em relação às puras Holandês. O cruzamento não aumenta o risco de distocia em vacas inseminadas com touros Holandês.(AU)

The crossbreed with the Jersey breed has been used mainly as an alternative to increasing the concentration of milk solids in Holstein herds, the production capacity of these animals having become the focus of several studies. However, there is still limited information on many relevant factors for decision-making and management of crossbreed herds, such as disease resistance and ease of calving, and this is the motivation for this work, which aimed to evaluate the health, immunity and calving difficulty in Holstein x Jersey crossbred cows compared to pure Holstein cows. Data from calving difficulty, retained placenta, gestation length, blood indicators for postpartum metabolic diseases (ketosis and hypocalcemic puerperal paresis) and immunity in a herd composed by crossbreeds and Holstein cows during one year was analyzed. The genetic groups did not affect ease of calving (P = 0.4376), retained placenta (P = 0.7074) and gestation length (P=0.2812). Crossbred cows had higher concentrations of gammaglobulins (1.776 versus 1.456g/dL) and total protein (7.019 versus 6.525g/dL). For the concentration of BHBA, differences occurred only at calving, with higher values for crossbred cows (0.580 versus 0.427mmol/L). Difference was observed between genetic groups for concentration of ionized calcium (P = 0.082), with crossbred cows presenting lower concentrations (3.92 versus 4.3mg/dL). In conclusion, crossbred cows have superior performance compared to Holstein cows for immunity indicators and lower for hypocalcemic puerperal paresis and ketosis indicators on the day of calving. Crossbred cows do not have an increased risk of dystocia in relation to pure Holstein cows when mated with Holstein bulls.(AU)

Diapause in the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cordubensis: role of temperature.

The role of temperature in the induction of diapause in Trichogramma cordubensis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), under controlled laboratory conditions, was investigated using Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs as hosts. Results indicate that prestorage temperatures and the duration of exposure of the parasitoids to these temperatures affected the induction of diapause. It was possible to induce diapause in prepupae of T. cordubensis by exposing the preimaginal stages (prior to the prepupal stage) to 10 degrees C for at least 30 days, but adults emerged without diapause when the duration of exposure was of only 10 or 20 days. Parasitoids failed to enter diapause when prestorage temperatures were 7 or 12 degrees C, regardless of the duration of exposure. However, at these two temperatures, preimaginal development of T. cordubensis was delayed, allowing short-term storage (40 days at induction temperatures followed by 30 days at 3 degrees C) by keeping parasitoids in quiescence without reducing the percentages of adult emergence. Good percentages of adult emergence after long-term low-temperature storage (30 or 40 days at 10 degrees C followed by six months at 3 degrees C) occurred only when T. cordubensis was in diapause. The long-term storage of parasitoids in diapause allows an enlargement in the mass rearing potentialities of this species for future biological control releases by allowing producers to stockpile the parasitoids for release in the field season.

Characterization of a highly conserved satellite DNA from the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae.

An EcoRI satellite DNA has been isolated, cloned and sequenced from Trichogramma brassicae, a minute parasitic wasp. This repeated family represents 16% of the genome. The monomer is 385 base pairs (bp) long and has an A+T content of 64.5%. The average nucleotide sequence variability among 12 randomly chosen monomers is extremely low (0.5%), suggesting that the amplification of the monomer into a high-copy-number family occurred recently. An EcoRI satellite DNA probe has been developed and used, at high stringency, as an identification tool to unambiguously discriminate T. brassicae from nine other Trichogramma species. However, at a lower stringency, a hybridization signal can be detected in two closely related Trichogramma species, and, using PCR assay, the presence of the T. brassicae EcoRI monomer has been detected in several other species of Trichogramma. These results argue in favor of the 'library' model of satellite DNA evolution that predicts that related species share a number of low-copy satellite sequences, some of which could be amplified into a major satellite family in each of the species. Furthermore, this T. brassicae EcoRI satellite DNA sequence exhibits particular internal features such as a long inverted repeat that can form a dyad structure. Such sequence motifs seem to be a common characteristic of satellite DNAs, suggesting that they could result from selective forces acting on repetitive DNA.

Estatisticas do ambulatorio de dermatologia da Policlinica da Policia Militar do Espirito Santo (1980). / Statistics of the Ambulatory of Dermatology of the Policlinica da Policia Militar do Espirito Santo (1980)

Neste trabalho sao apresentadas as estatisticas do Ambulatorio de Dermatologia da Policlinica da Policia Militar do Espirito Santo, durante o ano de 1980. Foram computados 1.800 casos, incluindo-se dados referentes a idade, sexo e raca. Comentam-se os grupos de molestias mais frequentes, com a supremacia das micoses superficiais, com 22,83% e fazem-se comparacoes com levantamentos semelhantes realizados no Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo e Estados Unidos da America