Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/genetics , Acinetobacter baumannii/pathogenicity , Cross Infection/microbiology , Disease Outbreaks , Intensive Care Units , Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Humans , Risk Factors , Rome/epidemiology , Tracheostomy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
An in vitro model for the study of sepsis mediators was used to investigate the effects of two different lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a smooth (LPS-S) and a rough (LPS-R) type, on the release of chemokines (IL-8 and MIP-1 alpha) and cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-1ra and IL-10) from human whole blood samples. TNF alpha level increased significantly vs. control, at 4 h and 8 h after the challenge with smooth and rough type of LPS respectively. Concentrations of the two chemokines studied, IL-8 and MIP-1 alpha, were significantly elevated following stimulation by both LPS, and reached concentrations significantly different from controls at 4, 8 and 24 h. After 24 h of incubation both LPS produced a significant IL-10 increase, although such change was more substantial with the rough type. Present data suggest an early and maintained release of chemokines regardless of the type of LPS used and often in absence of a significant increase in primary pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Subject(s)
Interleukins/blood , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Chemokine CCL4 , Humans , Interleukin-10/blood , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolismABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal cancers are very scarce for the people under twenties. Such a rarity, as misguides diagnostic trend, is responsible, in the greater part of cases, of the lag in the recognizing these neoplasm and, consequently, reduces the expectations of surviving whether medium or long term. Authors report their experience as regards to observation of two cases of malignant neoplasm of the stomach and of the recto-sigmoid joint in young patients of fourteen and nineteen years old and they emphasize the importance of a complete diagnostic route which, in spite of age, does not exclude the possibility of a neoplastic pathology in the presence of suggestive persistent symptomatology. It is underlined the importance of early diagnosis in fact survival yield is always and however dependent on a disease stage and not on age. Furthermore it is underlined that the young patient is subject to a rate of postoperative complications which is marginal compared with intervention yield, this is translated in a better responsiveness of young patient to radical and, if it is necessary, extended interventions.
