Bone mass behavior after 1 year of different treatment strategies in prostate cancer patients subjected to androgen deprivation therapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mass changes after 1 year of four different types of pharmacological intervention. Ninety-seven prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy, and severe osteopenia or osteoporosis were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided in four groups. Group 1: 28 patients treated with denosumab, Group 2: 24 patients treated with alendronate, Group 3: 24 patients with no antiresorptive treatment and Group 4: 21 patients previously treated with alendronate and switched to denosumab. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was performed at baseline and after 1 year. Bone mass changes at the L2-L4 lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip were evaluated. No differences were found at baseline. After 1 year, men receiving denosumab or alendronate (Group 1 and 2) showed a significant bone mass increase at the lumbar spine (+2.4 and +5.0 %, respectively), while no significant changes were observed in Group 3 and 4. At the femoral neck, Group 1 and 2 patients showed a significant bone mass increase (+3.7 and +3.6 %, respectively), while no significant changes were observed in Group 3 and 4. At the total hip, we observed a significant bone mass increase in Group 1 (+2.9 %) and a significant bone mass loss in Group 3 patients (-1.9 %). No significant changes were observed in Group 2 and 4. Denosumab increased significantly bone mass in all three dual X-ray absorptiometry standard sites, while alendronate did not at total hip. No benefit was observed in men previously treated with alendronate who switched to denosumab treatment.

Nefrourecterectomía simplificada y oncologicamente segura: combinación con sección-ligadura ureteral percutánea / Oncologically safe simplified nephroureterectomy: combination with percutaneous ureteral the ligation-section

Objetivo: Proponemos una modificación de la nefroureterectomía abierta. Método: Mediante una sola incisión (lumbotomía) se efectua una ligadura-sección percutánea del uréter terminal finamente disecado. Resultados/Conclusiones: Ofrece una mejor calidad de vida en el postoperatorio inmediato, acorta el tiempo quirúrgico, y esta lumbotomía tiene la ventaja de ser oncológicamente segura, evitando una doble cirugía (AU)

Objectives: We propose a modification to open nephroureterectomy. Methods: By a single incision (lumbar incision) a percutaneous ligation-section of the finely dissected terminal ureter is performed. Results/Conclusions: This technique offers a better quality of life in the immediate postoperative period, shortens the surgical time, and it has the advantage of being oncologically safe, avoiding a double surgery (AU)

[Immunohistochemical expression of p53, p21, p16, and cyclin D1 in superficial bladder cancer. A tissue microarray study]. / Expresión inmunohistoquímica de p53, p21, p16 y ciclina D1 en el cáncer de vejiga superficial. Estudio en un soporte de tissue microarray.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively assess the relationship between immunohistochemical expression of p53, p21, p16, and cyclin D1, with recurrence, progression and survival in superficial bladder cancer. METHODS: 163 patients undergoing transurethral resection for superficial bladder cancer between February 1995 and March 2004. Tumor samples were included in a tissue microarray support that was serially sectioned for immunohistochemical staining. Grade and stage associations for each marker were evaluated by the Chi-square test. Assessment of the relationship with recurrence, progression, and survival Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were used. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in marker expression depending on tumor grade and stage, with the exception of Cyclin D1, that was significantly different depending on tumor stage (p=0.030). p21 expression was related to tumor recurrence (p=0.035), progression (p=0.008) and survival (p=0.034). p16 expression was also related to recurrence (p=0.048) and survival (p=0.047), but not to tumor progression (p=0.116). p53 and Cyclin D1 were not statistically associated with tumor recurrence, progression or survival. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, only p16 and p21 may be useful in the management of superficial bladder tumors, as they are predictors of recurrence and survival in Ta and T1 patients.

Expresión inmunohistoquímica de p53, p21, p16 y Ciclina D1 en el cáncer de vejiga superficial. Estudio en un soporte de tissue microarray / Immunohistochemical expression of P53, P21, P16, and cyclin D1 in superficial Bladder cancer. A tissue microarray study

Introducción y objetivos: Evaluar, de forma retrospectiva, la relación entre la expresión inmunohistoquímica de p53, p21, p16 y ciclina D1, con la recurrencia, progresión tumoral y supervivencia en los carcinomas vesicales superficiales. Métodos: 163 pacientes sometidos a resección transuretral de tumor vesical superficial entre febrero de 1995 y marzo de 2004. Las muestras tumorales evaluadas estaban contenidas en un soporte de tissue microarray, al que se le realizaron varias secciones consecutivas para tinción inmunohistoquímica. La asociación del grado y estadio tumoral con los marcadores se valoró según el test de Chi-cuadrado y para valorar la relación con la recurrencia, progresión y supervivencia se utilizaron las curvas de Kaplan-Meier y se compararon con el log-rank test. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la expresión de los marcadores según el grado y estadio tumoral a excepción de la Ciclina D1, que sí mostraba diferencias significativas según el estadio tumoral (p=0,030). La expresión de p21 se relacionó con la recurrencia tumoral (p=0,035), progresión (p=0,008) y supervivencia (p=0,034). La expresión de p16 también se relacionó con la recurrencia (p=0,048) y supervivencia (p=0,047), pero no con la progresión tumoral (p=0,116). La expresión de p53 y ciclina D1 no mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa con la recurrencia y progresión tumoral ni con la supervivencia. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, sólo los marcadores p16 y p21 pueden ser útiles en el manejo de los tumores vesicales superficiales por ser predictores de recurrencia y supervivencia en pacientes con estadios Ta y T1

Introduction and objectives: To retrospectively assess the relationship between immunohistochemical expression of p53, p21, p16, and cyclin D1, with recurrence, progression and survival in superficial bladder cancer. Methods: 163 patients undergoing transurethral resection for superficial bladder cancer between February 1995 and March 2004. Tumor samples were included in a tissue microarray support that was serially sectioned for immunohistochemical staining. Grade and stage associations for each marker were evaluated by the Chi-square test. Assessment of the relationship with recurrence, progression, and survival Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were used. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in marker expression depending on tumor grade and stage, with the exception of Cyclin D1, that was significantly different depending on tumor stage (p=0.030). p21 expression was related to tumor recurrence (p=0.035), progression (p=0.008) and survival (p=0.034). p16 expression was also related to recurrence (p=0.048) and survival (p=0.047), but not to tumor progression (p=0.116). p53 and Cyclin D1 were not statistically associated with tumor recurrence, progression or survival. Conclusions: In our experience, only p16 and p21 may be useful in the management of superficial bladder tumors, as they are predictors of recurrence and survival in Ta and T1 patients

[Results and complications of TVT procedure in the surgical treatment of female stress incontinence]. / Resultados y complicaciones de la técnica TVT en el tratamiento de la incontinencia de esfuerzo femenina.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). To determine the mid-term outcome of TVT performed during other pelvic floor reconstructive procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 100 women with SUI undergoing TVT procedure under spinal anesthesia from January 2000 to November 2002 were studied. 76 women were treated with TVT alone. 24 patients were treated with TVT and pelvic floor reconstruction: we repaired 24 cystoceles grade II-III, 3 rectoceles and 4 concomitant vaginal histerectomies. RESULTS: Mean age was 49.3 years (range 35-78). Mean parity: 2 (range 0-6) and mean operative time was 38 minutes (range 20 to 50). The postoperative hospital stay was 24 hours for women treated with TVT alone. Only 1 patient (1%) need bladder catheterization during 7 days due to urinary retention. Mean followup was 18 months (range 12-48). Objective cure rate was 95%. In our study the rate of de novo post-operative urge symptoms (16%) was the most frequent complication. Bladder injury was the most grave problem and it happened in 1 patient (1%). CONCLUSION: The results confirm the feasibility and safety of TVT for treatment of SUI. Moreover, TVT procedure is economical and efectiveness. Pelvic floor defects, benign uterine disorders and SUI can be safely treated with TVT and vaginal procedures during the same surgical time.

[Antibiotic resistance transformation in community-acquired urinary infections]. / Evolución de la resistencia antibiótica en las infecciones urinarias adquiridas en la comunidad.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the prevalence of uropathogens in community-acquired urinary tract infection in our environment, and the degree of sensitivity to antibiotics used as empirical treatment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective longitudinal study on 16,392 consecutive urine cultures collected in the emergency department of Hospital del Mar, between January 1997 and December 2001. Resistance rates were compared through variance analysis. RESULTS: 8,743 urine cultures with significant count were obtained. 6,062 Escherichia coli (69.3%), 517 Proteus mirabilis (5.9%) and 390 Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.5%) were identified. Escherichia coli showed progressive growth rate and significant resistances to most of antibiotics evaluated, especially to quinolones which came close to 30%. Fosfomycin showed the least resistance rate (0.9%) and remained stable along the years studied. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that higher rate of resistance to quinolones does not advise its use as empirical in community-acquired urinary tract infection treatment in our environment. According to our experience, fosfomycin can be an excellent option for cystitis treatment in patients without risk factors, while for the treatment of parenchymatous urinary tract infection, complicated urinary tract infections, and urinary tract infections associated to risk factors, preference could be second or third generation oral cephalosporins, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

Evolución de la resistencia antibiótica en las infecciones urinarias adquiridas en la comunidad / Antibiotic resistance transformation in community-acquired urinary infections

Objetivo. Conocer la prevalencia de uropatógenos en la infección del tracto urinario comunitaria en nuestro medio y la sensibilidad a los antibióticos utilizados en el tratamiento empírico. Pacientes y método. Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo de 16.392 urinocultivos consecutivos recogidos en el servicio de Urgencias del Hospital del Mar desde enero de 1997 hasta diciembre de 2001. Las tasas de resistencia fueron comparadas mediante el análisis de la varianza. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 8.743 urinocultivos con recuento significativo. Se identificaron 6.062 Escherichia coli (69,3%), 517 Proteus mirabilis (5,9%) y 390 Klebsiella pneumoniae (4,5%). Escherichia coli mostró una tasa de resistencias creciente y significativa en la mayoría de los antibióticos testados, siendo especialmente importante en las quinolonas, en las que se aproximó al 30%. La fosfomicina presentó la menor tasa de resistencia (0,9%) y permaneció estable a lo largo de los años estudiados. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren que la elevada tasa de resistencias para las quinolonas no aconseja su empleo como tratamiento empírico de la infección del tracto urinario comunitaria en nuestro medio. Según nuestra experiencia, la fosfomicina puede ser una excelente opción para el tratamiento de las cistitis de pacientes sin factores de riesgo, mientras que en el tratamiento de las infecciones del tracto urinario parenquimatosas, de las complicadas o de las que asocian factores de riesgo, la elección podría ser las cefalosporinas orales de segunda o tercera generación o la amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico

Objective. To detect the prevalence of uropathogens in community-adquired urinary tract infection in our environment, and the degree of sensitivity to antibiotics used as empirical treatment. Patients and method. Retrospective longitudinal study on 16,392 consecutive urine cultures collected in the emergency department of Hospital del Mar, between January 1997 and December 2001. Resistance rates were compared through variance analysis. Results. 8,743 urine cultures with significant count were obtained. 6,062 Escherichia coli (69.3%), 517 Proteus mirabilis (5.9%) and 390 Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.5%) were identified. Escherechia coli showed progressive growth rate and significant resistances to most of antibiotics evaluated, especially to quinolones which came close to 30%. Fosfomycin showed the least resistance rate (0.9%) and remained stable along the years studied. Conclusions. These results suggest that higher rate of resistance to quinolones does not advise its use as empirical in community-acquired urinary tract infection treatment in our environment. According to our experience, fosfomycin can be an excellent option for cystitis treatment in patients without risk factors, while for the treatment of parenchymatous urinary tract infection, complicated urinary tract infections, and urinary tract infections associated to risk factors, preference could be second or third generation oral cephalosporins, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

Resultados y complicaciones de la técnica TVT en el tratamiento de la incontinencia de esfuerzo femenina / Results and complications of TVT procedure for surgical treatment of female stress incontinence

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la cinta vaginal sin tensión (TVT) en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo femenina (IUE).Analizar los resultados a medio plazo de la asociación de la TVT con la corrección quirúrgica de prolapsos genitales. Pacientes y método: Se estudian 100 pacientes con IUE intervenidas de forma consecutiva en nuestro centro bajo anestesia regional. A todas ellas se les implantó la TVT y en 24 casos además, se corrigió un cistocele grado II-III. Fue necesario en 3de estas 24 pacientes reparar un rectocele y se practicaron 4 histerectomías vaginales en el mismo acto quirúrgico. Resultados: La edad media de las mujeres fue de 49,3 años (35-78), el número promedio de partos de 2 (0-6), la duración media de la intervención de 38 minutos (20-50) y todas las pacientes a las que se colocó la TVT sin otras correcciones quirúrgicas obtuvieron el alta hospitalaria a las 24 horas de la intervención. Tan sólo una paciente precisó de sonda varios días por retención urinaria. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 18 meses (12-48) y la IUE se solucionó en el 95% de los casos. Como complicación más frecuente observamos la aparición de hiperactividad detrusorial sintomática “de novo” en el 16% de la serie; la perforación vesical en una de las pacientes fue el problema más grave. Conclusiones: La TVT es una técnica sencilla, segura, eficaz y relativamente económica para el tratamiento de la IUE. La TVT puede asociarse con éxito a la corrección quirúrgica de prolapsos genitales. Este hecho prolonga la estancia hospitalaria en 48 horas sin incrementar la morbilidad de la cirugía (AU)

Objetives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).To determine the mid-term outcome of TVT performed during other pelvic floor reconstructive procedures. Patients and methods: 100 women with SUI undergoing TVT procedure under spinal anesthesia from January 2000 to November 2002 were studied.76 women were treated with TVT alone. 24 patients were treated with TVT and pelvic floor reconstruction: we repaired 24cystoceles grade II-III, 3 rectoceles and 4 concomitant vaginal histerectomies. Results: Mean age was 49,3 years (range 35-78). Mean parity: 2 (range 0-6) and mean operative time was 38 minutes (range20 to 50). The postoperative hospital stay was 24 hours for women treated with TVT alone. Only 1 patient (1%) need bladder catheterization during 7 days due to urinary retention. Mean follow up was 18 months (range 12-48). Objetive: cure rate was 95%. In our study the rate of de novo post-operative urge symptoms (16%) was the most frequent complication. Bladder injury was the most grave problem and it happened in 1patient (1%). Conclusion: The results confirm the feasibility and safety of TVT for treatment of SUI. Moreover, TVT procedure is economical and efectiveness. Pelvic floor defects, benign uterine disorders and SUI can be safely treated with TVT and vaginal procedures during the same surgical time (AU)