[Anhedonia in mood disorders and somatic diseases: results of exploratory Mendelian randomization analysis]. / Angedoniya pri rasstroistvakh nastroeniya i somaticheskikh zabolevaniyakh: rezul'taty razvedochnogo Mendelevskogo randomizatsionnogo analiza.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an exploratory Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal relationships of anhedonia with a wide range of psychiatric and somatic phenotypes based on the genetic data of participants in a population study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 4520 participants, of which 50.4% (n=2280) were female. The mean age was 36.8 (S.D.=9.8) years. Participants were pheno-nailed based on the DSM-5 criteria for anhedonia in the framework of depression. An episode of anhedonia exceeding 2 weeks during life was reported by 57.6% (n=2604) of participants. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the anhedonia phenotype was performed, as well as a Mendelian randomization analysis using summary statistics of large-scale GWASs on psychiatric and somatic phenotypes. RESULTS: The GWAS on anhedonia did not reveal the variants with genome-wide significant association (p<10-8). The most significant (p=9.71×10-7) was the variant rs296009 (chr5:168513184) in an intron of the slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3) gene. Using Mendelian randomization, nominally significant (p<0.05) causal associations of anhedonia with 24 phenotypes were identified, which can be divided into 5 main groups: psychiatric/neurological diseases, inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, respiratory diseases, oncological diseases and metabolic disorders. The most significant causal effects of anhedonia were found for breast cancer (p=0.0004, OR=0.9986, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.9978-0.999)), minimal depression phenotype (p=0.009, OR=1.004, 95% CI (1.001-1.007)), as well as for apolipoprotein A (p=0.01, OR=0.973, 95% CI (0.952-0.993)) and respiratory diseases (p=0.01, OR=0.9988, 95% CI (0.9980-0.9997)). CONCLUSION: The polygenic nature of anhedonia may cause the risks of comorbidity of this phenotype with a wide range of somatic diseases, as well as may be associated with mood disorders.

Mandibular primary osteoplasty using orthotopic allografts.

This article is based on our results of 30-years experience in primary mandibular reconstruction using orthotopic allografts in 680 patients. Good and satisfactory outcome was achieved in 573 cases and unsatisfactory outcome in 62 (9.8%). Analysis of our clinical material shows that lyophilized and formalinized orthotopic allografts are an optimal material to correct mandibular defects of various size, sites and character. They facilitate formation of organotypical regenerated bone tissue in the place of the allograft and allow achievement of mandibular continuity and good functional and aesthetic results.

[An experimental validation of the transplantation of an orthotopic allograft together with tooth roots for the replacement of mandibular defects]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie peresadki ortotopicheskogo allotransplantata vmeste s korniami zubov dlia zameshcheniia defektov nizhnei cheliusti.

The results of transplantation of surface-demineralized, lyophilized, and formalin-treated orthotopic allotransplants, including dental roots, to 40 dogs [correction of rats] are analyzed. Clinical, x-ray, and morphologic studies have demonstrated that formalin-treated allotransplants are the optimal plastic material, providing restoration of bone intactness, preservation of dental roots, and the osteoid type of dental root join with the bone regenerate. Dental roots within surface-demineralized and lyophilized allotransplants are resolved in the course of their replacement with newly developing bone tissue.

[Experience in using moradol in osteoplastic operations in oral surgery]. / Opyt ispol'zovaniia moradola pri kostno-plasticheskikh operatsiiakh v khirurgicheskoi stomatologii.

Osteoplastic operations on the jaws were carried out in 19 patients aged 14-64 under moradol anesthesia. The mean length of the operation was 3 hours. The authors come to a conclusion that moradol in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg b. w. ensures adequate anesthesia, with a high level of analgesia persisting in the immediate postoperative period.

[The vascularization of the autograft in different states of the recipient bed based on data from the superselective angiography of a canine mandibular preparation]. / Vaskuliarizatsiia autotransplantata v razlichnom sostoianii vosprinimaiushchego lozha po dannym superselektivnoi angiografii preparata nizhnei cheliusti sobak.

Superselective angiography of mandibular preparations from 72 dogs has revealed that the inferior alveolar artery, tied up by a routine method, does not take part in the transplant revascularization. Binding of an intraosseous or transplanted facial artery stump with a heparin plug has revealed recanalizing vessels in the transplant, that speed up its restructuring.

[Destructive and reparative processes after UHF and cryo-effect on bone regeneration in dogs]. / Destruktivnye i reparativnye protsessy posle SVCh i kriovozdeistviia na kostnyi regenerat sobak.

The experiment was carried out on the lower jaw of mongrel dogs. It included 36 observations on the basis of the morphological method. The aim is to study the effectiveness of the effect of cold and the combination of the UHF radiation on the proliferative reaction of cells of the lower jaw. It was proved that under the influence of cold the skeletogenic tissue undergoes changes. The combination of cold with UHF radiation cause less destructive cold effects on the bone tissue away from the injury of resorption. Hence the effect of cold on the proliferating tissue causing its necrosis proves the possibility of its use in removal of tumours, substituting wide caving around them by more protective intervention: the combination of carving of tumour with the cryodestruction of tissue around it. In such a combination the reparative processes become more effective, which enables us to recommend them for clinical use for curing benign tumour.

[Principles of the plastic replacement of tissues in patients with head and neck tumors]. / Printsipy plasticheskogo zameshcheniia tkanei u bol'nykh s opukholiami golovy i shei.

Basing on their experience, including 619 plastic surgeries for tumors of the head and neck, 412 (66.6%) of these being performed simultaneously with destructive operations, the authors validate the necessity of simultaneous plasty. They present the scheme for replacement of various defects in oncologic patients and describe some aspects of primary bone plasty in 23 patients.

[An evaluation of various methods for arthrography of the temporomandibular joint]. / Otsenka razlichnykh sposobov artrografii visochno-nizhnecheliustnogo sustava.

In 130 patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunctions several arthrographic techniques were applied, and their advantages and drawbacks pointed to. Indications to different joint contrasting techniques were established. Contrast arthrotomography combined with computerized tomography showed major diagnostic value in detection of internal joint disorders.

[Myelochondroplasty of bone cavities and defects of the jaw bones]. / Mielokhondroplastika kostnykh polostei i defektov cheliustnykh kostei.

A new transplant is designed which consists of an autologous vital bone marrow and dispersed lyophylized allogenic rib cartilage. With postsurgical cavities filled with this transplant, the regeneration of osteal tissue was clearly accelerated in the defect site. This reduced both the rehabilitation terms and complication incidence and improved the cosmetic effect in patients with extensive residual osteal cavities formed during pathological tissues extirpation.