[Concomitant use of nivolumab and immunosuppressants in a renal transplant patient]. / Utilisation concomitante du nivolumab et d'immunosuppresseurs chez un patient greffé rénal.

INTRODUCTION: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for first and second line treatments of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer based on the results of several phase III trials. Patients with organ transplantation were excluded from these studies because checkpoint inhibitors could activate allo-reactive T cells leading to acute graft rejection. CASE REPORT: A 71-year-old Caucasian-male was diagnosed with stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma with multiple metastases, without molecular alteration and negative PD-L1 status. He had a left kidney transplant, and his immunosuppressive regimen consisted of sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. After failure of two therapeutic lines (carboplatin-paclitaxel and erlotinib) a multidisciplinary oncology meeting with the nephrologist started third line treatment with nivolumab 3mg/kg every 15 days, with no modification of the immunosuppressive treatment. The patient received a total of 14 injections of nivolumab with stable disease but treatment was discontinued due to acute rejection of the transplanted kidney 6 months later, without need for dialysis. The patient died of a chylothorax related to progression of the tumour 12 months after initiation of nivolumab. CONCLUSION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a potential treatment for solid organ transplant patients despite the risk of graft rejection.

Long-Term Survivor with Intrathecal and Intravenous Trastuzumab Treatment in Metastatic Breast Cancer.

We report the case of a woman with metastatic breast cancer receiving intrathecal trastuzumab (and intravenous trastuzumab for more than 7 years). She was diagnosed in 2001 with a duct invasive breast cancer T3N1M0 HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-positive +++ HR (hormone receptor) -negative. She received chemotherapy and then she had a mastectomy. Several metastases were discovered and treated from 2003 to 2008 with chemotherapy. In March 2010, brain metastases and a leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from her HER2-positive breast cancer appeared. From that moment on she received intravenous trastuzumab (6 mg/kg) every 3 weeks, intrathecal trastuzumab (21 mg) weekly for 16 injections and lapatinib. Intrathecal trastuzumab was stopped because of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearing. Intrathecal trastuzumab was injected again from December 2013 for 14 injections. The relevance of treating leptomeningeal carcinomatosis with intrathecal trastuzumab administration is shown through this case report.